The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 30 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pregnancy Outcomes
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomized clinical trial to determine whether treatment of women with gestational diabetes mellitus reduced the risk of perinatal complications. METHODS: We randomly assigned women between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation who had gestational diabetes to receive dietary advice, blood glucose monitoring, and insulin therapy as needed (the intervention group) or routine care. Primary outcomes included serious perinatal complications (defined as death, shoulder dystocia, bone fracture, and nerve palsy), admission to the neonatal nursery, jaundice requiring phototherapy, induction of labor, cesarean birth, and maternal anxiety, depression, and health status. RESULTS: The rate of serious perinatal complications was significantly lower among the infants of the 490 women in the intervention group than among the infants of the 510 women in the routine-care group (1 percent vs. 4 percent; relative risk adjusted for maternal age, race or ethnic group, and parity, 0.33; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.75; P=0.01). However, more infants of women in the intervention group were admitted to the neonatal nursery (71 percent vs. 61 percent; adjusted relative risk, 1.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.23; P=0.01). Women in the intervention group had a higher rate of induction of labor than the women in the routine-care group (39 percent vs. 29 percent; adjusted relative risk, 1.36; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.15 to 1.62; P<0.001), although the rates of cesarean delivery were similar (31 percent and 32 percent, respectively; adjusted relative risk, 0.97; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.81 to 1.16; P=0.73). At three months post partum, data on the women's mood and quality of life, available for 573 women, revealed lower rates of depression and higher scores, consistent with improved health status, in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of gestational diabetes reduces serious perinatal morbidity and may also improve the woman's health-related quality of life.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The results of the ACHOIS trial showed that treatment did not reduce the rates of symptomatic neonatal hypoglycemia or jaundice requiring phototherapy.8”
From A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes (2009) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the MFMU study, no changes were noted in the composite endpoint, but the incidence of LGA and shoulder dystocia decreased significantly [2,29,30].”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the ACHOIS study, the composite endpoint (neonatal death, perinatal injury, hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia) was significantly reduced with antihyperglycemic intervention, and there was also a lower weight gain (by 1.7 kg on average) and a lower incidence of LGA.”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The expected bene fi ts of using IADPSG criteria to the offspring are inferred from intervention trials that focused on individuals with lower levels of hyperglycemia than those identi fi ed using older GDM diagnostic criteria. Those trials found modest bene fi ts, including reduced rates of largefor-gestational-age births and preeclampsia (211,212).”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [212]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Of note, 80-90% of participants being treated for mild GDM in these two randomized controlled trials could be managed with lifestyle therapy alone.”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [195]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although the diagnostic criteria for GDM differ, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have provided evidence of improved perinatal outcomes of GDM in the second half of pregnancy.”
From Clinical challenges in early pregnancy in Japan: An update on gestational diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For some women, the diagnosis is a catalyst for positive behavioural change 36 and improved quality of life. 15”
From Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society ( ADIPS ) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This approach is based on available trial evidence, 15 , 16”
From Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society ( ADIPS ) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Overall, consistent with findings from the ACHOIS trial, the findings from our trial confirm a modest benefit from the identification and treatment of women with mild carbohydrate intolerance during pregnancy.8”
From A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes (2009) · cites this paper as [8]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS), a large, randomized trial of treatment for gestational diabetes mellitus, concluded that treatment reduces serious perinatal complications and may also improve health-related quality of life.8”
From A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes (2009) · cites this paper as [8]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Consistent with the results of our trial, the ACHOIS trial also showed a reduction in the rate of shoulder dystocia when women with mild gestational diabetes mellitus received treatment (1%, vs. 3% in the untreated group).8”
From A Multicenter, Randomized Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes (2009) · cites this paper as [8]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Two randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in women with GDM demonstrated the improvement of these pregnancy outcomes in women identified with and treated for GDM compared with women left untreated [6,7].”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Approaches and Maternal-Offspring Complications (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The treatment of even mild forms of glucose intolerance in GDM offers an added benefit, as demonstrated by the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study in Pregnant Women (ACHOIS) and Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU).”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus—Recent Literature Review (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Although two RCTs found that treatment of GDM can reduce perinatal morbidity (264,265), it is not known whether treatment reduces long-term risks in children.”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [264]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that 80 -90% of participants being treated for mild GDM in these two randomized controlled trials could be managed with lifestyle therapy alone.”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [212]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The OGTT glucose cutoffs in these two trials overlapped the thresholds recommended by the IADPSG, and in one trial (212), the 2-h PG threshold (140 mg/dL [7.8 mmol/L]) was lower than the cutoff recommended by the IADPSG (153 mg/dL [8.5 mmol/L]).”
From 2. Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2024 (2024) · cites this paper as [212]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The OGTT glucose cutoffs in these two trials overlapped the thresholds recommended by the IADPSG, and in one trial (195), the 2-h PG threshold (140 mg/dL [7.8 mmol/L]) was lower than the cutoff recommended by the IADPSG (153 mg/dL [8.5 mmol/L]).”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [195]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Those trials found modest benefits, including reduced rates of largefor-gestational-age births and preeclampsia (194,195).”
From 2. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes: standards of care in diabetes-2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [195]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, that RCT study was not based on the IADPSG criteria for GDM.”
From Clinical challenges in early pregnancy in Japan: An update on gestational diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In the GDM cases in ACHOIS, the intervention group had a significantly lower risk of neonatal complications than the non‐intervention group 13 .”
From Clinical challenges in early pregnancy in Japan: An update on gestational diabetes (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“women should be counselled that identification and treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus defined by elevated glucose concentrations following a glucose load is supported by high quality evidence, 15 , 16”
From Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society ( ADIPS ) 2025 consensus recommendations for the screening, diagnosis and classification of gestational diabetes (2025) · cites this paper as [15]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Follow-up of the children in both these studies at 4 to 5 (264-266) and 7 years of age (267), respectively, failed to observe differences in limited indicators of child adiposity between children of mothers with treated GDM and those with untreated GDM.”
From Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus (2023) · cites this paper as [264]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Blood glucose-lowering pharmacological therapy is effective at improving outcomes in women with gestational diabetes whose hyperglycemia does not respond sufficiently to lifestyle therapy (71, 82, 88–90).”
From Diabetes and Pregnancy: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2013) · cites this paper as [82]
In the citing paper
“Despite recent improvements in maternal glycemic control and a reduction in the frequency of perinatal complications, the prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes continues to be higher than the general population.12,23”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Although the diagnostic tests and criteria used in the 2 RCTs differed substantially, treatment outcomes were quite similar (Table 1)”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a cornerstone of therapy for all women with GDM, and approximately 80% to 90% of women are able to meet therapeutic targets with MNT alone.12,13”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Multiple benefits have been attributed to lifestyle interventions, including decreased risk of macrosomia, decreased neonatal adiposity, and increased likelihood to achieve postpartum weight goals.12,13,50”
From Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2019) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“which fits with other data showing that maternal glycemia relates to birth weight.21–23”
From Metformin in gestational diabetes: the offspring follow-up (MiG TOFU): body composition and metabolic outcomes at 7-9 years of age (2018) · cites this paper as [21]
In the citing paper
“There are two randomized trials showing that treatment of mild GDM (predominantly with diet) compared with standard pregnancy care was associated with improved pregnancy outcomes (22,23)”
From Metformin in Gestational Diabetes: The Offspring Follow-Up (MiG TOFU) (2011) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“For example, in ACHOIS, 28 the rate of LGA was reduced from 21.95% to 13.44%, a 38.8% reduction, in the women who were identified and treated compared with the women whose GDM was not identified.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“The incidence estimates, as stated in the online appendix (Supplemental Table 2 1 ), were based on reported outcomes in the Australian Carbohydrate Intolerance Study (ACHOIS) study, 28 an RCT that comprised high-risk women diagnosed as having mild GDM”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“A similar analysis applies to the 35% reduction in preeclampsia, reported with diagnosis and treatment in ACHOIS, 28 to the additional 12% undiagnosed cases of mild GDM in group 2. The reported rate of preeclampsia or gestational hypertension in the treated GDM women in group 2 was 20.3%.Based on these values and calculations similar to those above for LGA, we obtain a relative risk estimate of 1.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Of importance, the incidence figures for adverse outcomes in ACHOIS 28 included only pregnancies with GDM.It is not clear how these ACHOIS figures factored into the sample size estimates, because the current study looked at the outcomes in the overall screened groups, rather than only in those with GDM.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“ACHOIS compared 1 group (N¼506) identified and treated for their mild GDM and the other group (N¼524) blinded, along with their caregivers, to the diagnosis.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“For example, the perinatal composite outcomes occurred in 4% of the untreated GDMs in ACHOIS yet the current study estimated its incidence as 4% in the entire sample.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“Participants in the ACHOIS study 28 had 75 g, 2-hour OGTT plasma glucose between 140 mg/dL and 198 mg/dL, indicating milder GDM than those diagnosed by IADPSG criteria.17”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“As shown in Table 3, the relative risk for some of the main adverse immediate outcomes were significantly reduced, by similar proportions of 40% to 60% for LGA and macrosomic babies and 30% to 40% for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, when mild GDM was recognized and treated.”
From One-step or 2-step testing for gestational diabetes: which is better? (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“the two trials that focused on the treatment of”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [174]
In the citing paper
“Both studies found that treatment of GDM can reduce both serious adverse outcomes and the frequency of large babies (macrosomia) (174,175).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [174]
In the citing paper
“Two randomized clinical trials have now demonstrated a benefit from the treatment of”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [174]
In the citing paper
“Both studies found that treatment of GDM can reduce both serious adverse outcomes and the frequency of large babies (macrosomia) (174,175).”
From Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus (2011) · cites this paper as [174]
In the citing paper
“Considering this, the prevalence of the various maternal adverse events is similar to the 'routine care' groups in the Crowther et al. [10] and Landon et al. [11] studies.”
From Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP): the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus using new diagnostic criteria (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Unlike our study, Metzger et al. [2], Crowther et al. [10] and Landon et al. [11] excluded women with greater degrees of hyperglycaemia.”
From Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (DIP): the prevalence and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus using new diagnostic criteria (2011) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“It is important to note that 80–90% of women in both of the mild GDM studies (whose glucose values overlapped with the thresholds recommended herein) could be managed with lifestyle therapy alone.”
From Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (2013) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Expected benefits to their pregnancies and offspring is inferred from intervention trials that focused on women with more mild hyperglycemia than identified using older GDM diagnostic criteria and that found modest benefits (15,16).”
From Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus (2013) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Two randomized controlled trials comparing active treatment versus standard obstetric care for mild GDM have been conducted during the years in which the HAPO study was carried out (47,48).”
From International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (2010) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“Although not directly comparable, it was concluded that results of the two randomized controlled trials (47,48) and HAPO (25,26) are highly complementary.”
From International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (2010) · cites this paper as [47]
In the citing paper
“In both randomized controlled trials, treatment, achieved primarily by diet/lifestyle modification, resulted in reduced birth weight and frequency of LGA births and preeclampsia.”
From International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations on the Diagnosis and Classification of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (2010) · cites this paper as [47]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716
The MOS 36-ltem Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36): I. Conceptual Framework and Item Selection
Ware, J. E., & Sherbourne, C. D. (1992) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199206000-00002 · Cited by 30,033
Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 · Cited by 14,183
Marteau, T. M., & Bekker, H. (1992) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1992.tb00997.x · Cited by 3,238
The estimation of a preference-based measure of health from the SF-36.
Brazier, J., Roberts, J., & Deverill, M. (2002) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(01)00130-8 · Cited by 3,164
Multiple Comparison Procedures
Hochberg, Y., & Tamhane, A. C. (1987) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9780470316672 · Cited by 2,389
Multiple Comparison Procedures
Hahs-Vaughn, D., & Lomax, R. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203137819-17 · Cited by 2,132
Metzger, B. E., Buchanan, T. A., Coustan, D. R., de Leiva, A., Dunger, D. B., Hadden, D. R., Hod, M., Kitzmiller, J. L., Kjos, S. L., Oats, J. N., et al. (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-s225 · Cited by 1,908
Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth
Paintin, D. (1990) · British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02464.x · Cited by 1,260
Confidence intervals for the number needed to treat.
Altman, D. G. (1998) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.317.7168.1309 · Cited by 938
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 30 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 30. Washington, D.C.: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2001.
- Metzger B, 1998, Diabetes Care, 21, B161
- 1992, CMAJ, 147, 435
- Tuffnell DJ, 2003, Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 3, CD003395
- 1985, World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 727, 1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 901–1,000 of 1,028
Age at menarche, menstrual cycle characteristics and risk of gestational diabetes
Dishi, M., Enquobahrie, D. A., Abetew, D. F., Qiu, C., Rudra, C. B., & Williams, M. A. (2011) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2011.07.001 · Cited by 32
Tan, P. C., Ling, L. P., & Omar, S. Z. (2007) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1479-828x.2007.00717.x · Cited by 32
Is maternal diabetes a risk factor for childhood obesity?
Mehta, S. H., Kruger, M. L., & Sokol, R. J. (2011) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.3109/14767058.2012.626927 · Cited by 31
Perichart‐Perera, O., Balas-Nakash, M., Parra-Covarrubias, A., Rodríguez-Cano, A. M., Ramírez, A., Ortega-González, C., & Vadillo‐Ortega, F. (2009) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/0145721709343125 · Cited by 32
Ikeda, H., Shiojima, I., Oka, T., Yoshida, M., Maemura, K., Walsh, K., Igarashi, T., & Komuro, I. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00732-10 · Cited by 30
A Trial in Progress: Gestational Diabetes
Rowan, J., & on behalf of the MiG Investigators (2007) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc07-s219 · Cited by 31
for the Target Study Group, Crowther, C. A., Alsweiler, J. M., Hughes, R., & Brown, J. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-2060-2 · Cited by 31
Self-citationDiagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus will be flawed until we can measure glucose
Bruns, D. E., Metzger, B. E., & Sacks, D. B. (2020) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/hvz027 · Cited by 30
Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal glucose metabolism
Li, M.-F., Ma, L., Yu, T.-P., Zhu, Y., Chen, M.-Y., Liu, Y., & Li, L.-X. (2020) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108085 · Cited by 31
Update on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Evensen, A. E. (2011) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/j.pop.2011.11.011 · Cited by 31
Factors in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Predicting the Needs for Insulin Therapy
Zhang, Y., Shao, J., Li, F., & Xu, X. (2016) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2016/4858976 · Cited by 30
Nzelu, D., Dumitrascu‐Biris, D., Hunt, K. F., Cordina, M., & Kametas, N. A. (2017) · Pregnancy Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.preghy.2017.10.011 · Cited by 31
Jacklin, P., Maresh, M., Patterson, C. C., Stanley, K. P., Dornhorst, A., Burman-Roy, S., & Bilous, R. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016621 · Cited by 31
Xu, C., Ma, H.-H., & Wang, Y. (2017) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-017-0346-4 · Cited by 32
Diabetes in Youth—Looking Backwards to Inform the Future: Kelly West Award Lecture 2017
Dabelea, D. (2018) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dci17-0031 · Cited by 33
Simmons, D. S., Devlieger, R., Assche, A. V., Galjaard, S., Corcoy, R., Adelantado, J. M., Dunne, F., Desoyé, G., Kautzky‐Willer, A., Damm, P., et al. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10111568 · Cited by 31
Utz, B., Assarag, B., Smekens, T., Ennassiri, H., Lekhal, T., Ansari, N. E., Fakhir, B., Barkat, A., Essolbi, A., & Brouwere, V. D. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0209322 · Cited by 35
Benhalima, K., Minschart, C., Crombrugge, P. V., Calewaert, P., Verhaeghe, J., Vandamme, S., Theetaert, K., Devlieger, R., Pierssens, L., Ryckeghem, H., et al. (2019) · Acta Clinica Belgica · doi:10.1080/17843286.2019.1637389 · Cited by 33
Meghelli, L., Vambergue, A., Drumez, É., & Deruelle, P. (2019) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.101628 · Cited by 31
Logakodie, S., Azahadi, O., Fuziah, P., Norizzati, B., Tan, S. F., Zienna, Z., Norliza, M., Noraini, J., Hazlin, M., Noraliza, M. Z., et al. (2017) · PubMed Central · Cited by 30
Antenatal depression among women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a pilot study
Tasnim, S., Auny, F. M., Hassan, Y., Yesmin, R., Ara, I., Mohiuddin, M. S., Kaggwa, M. M., Gozal, D., & Mamun, M. A. (2022) · Reproductive Health · doi:10.1186/s12978-022-01374-1 · Cited by 33
Establishing consensus criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes in pregnancy following the HAPO study
Hadar, E., & Hod, M. (2010) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05671.x · Cited by 32
Timing of treatment initiation for mild gestational diabetes mellitus and perinatal outcomes
Palatnik, A., Mele, L., Landon, M. B., Reddy, U. M., Ramin, S. M., Carpenter, M. W., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., Rouse, D. J., Thorp, J. M., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.06.022 · Cited by 31
Self-citationOdds ratio vs risk ratio in randomized controlled trials
Balasubramanian, H., Ananthan, A., Rao, S. C., & Patole, S. (2015) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1022494 · Cited by 32
Maternal serum adiponectin and infant birthweight: the role of adiponectin isoform distribution
Ong, G. K. B., Hamilton, J. K., Sermer, M., Connelly, P. W., Maguire, G. F., Zinman, B., Hanley, A. J., & Retnakaran, R. R. (2007) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02846.x · Cited by 31
Khalifah, R. A. A., AlSubaihin, A., Al-Kharfi, T., Al-Alaiyan, S. A., & AlFaleh, K. M. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Neonatology · doi:10.4103/2249-4847.92241 · Cited by 32
McCarthy, A. D., Curciarello, R., Castiglione, N., Tayeldín, M. F., Costa, D., Arnol, V., Prospitti, A., Aliano, A., Archuby, D., Graieb, A., et al. (2010) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-009-0107-6 · Cited by 31
Vasudevan, A. R., Burns, A., & Fonseca, V. A. (2006) · Treatments in Endocrinology · doi:10.2165/00024677-200605050-00002 · Cited by 32
Counterpoint: Selective Screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Berger, H. M., & Sermer, M. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0361 · Cited by 31
Suhonen, L., Hiilesmaa, V. K., Kaaja, R., & Teramo, K. A. (2008) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016340802334377 · Cited by 31
Safety Considerations with Pharmacological Treatment of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Simmons, D. S. (2014) · Drug Safety · doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0253-9 · Cited by 32
Adiponectin in Pregnancy: Implications for Health and Disease
Retnakaran, A., & Retnakaran, R. R. (2012) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986712803833227 · Cited by 30
Galactose promotes fat mobilization in obese lactating and nonlactating women
Mohammad, M. A., Sunehag, A. L., Rodriguez, L. A., & Haymond, M. W. (2010) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.110.005785 · Cited by 32
Ott, R., Stupin, J. H., Loui, A., Eilers, E., Melchior, K., Rancourt, R. C., Schellong, K., Ziska, T., Dudenhausen, J. W., Henrich, W., et al. (2018) · BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth · doi:10.1186/s12884-018-1889-8 · Cited by 31
Simmons, D. S., Rowan, J., Reid, R., & Campbell, N. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 31
Márquez-Pardo, R., Torres-Barea, I., Córdoba-Doña, J.-A., Cruzado-Begines, C., García-García-Doncel, L., Aguilar-Diosdado, M., & Baena-Nieto, M.-G. (2020) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2019.0319 · Cited by 29
Missed follow-up opportunities using a two-step screening approach for gestational diabetes
Sievenpiper, J. L., McDonald, S. D., Grey, V., & Don-Wauchope, A. C. (2012) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.01.030 · Cited by 30
Donovan, L., Boyle, S. L., McNeil, D. A., Pedersen, S. D., Dean, S., Wood, S. L., & Edwards, A. L. (2012) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2012.01.003 · Cited by 30
Orós, M., Perejón, D., Arnáiz, C. S., Siscart, J., Baldó, J. À., & Sol, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-59465-x · Cited by 34
Gestational Diabetes Diagnostic Methods (GD2M) Pilot Randomized Trial
Scifres, C., Abebe, K. Z., Jones, K. A., COMER, D. M., Costacou, T., Freiberg, M. S., Simhan, H. N., Day, N. L., & Davis, E. M. (2014) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-014-1651-4 · Cited by 31
Screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy: Consensus and controversy
Waugh, N. R., Pearson, D. W. M., & Royle, P. (2010) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2010.06.004 · Cited by 30
Delivery (timing, route, peripartum glycemic control) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Garabédian, C., & Deruelle, P. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.005 · Cited by 30
The first trimester: Prediction and prevention of the great obstetrical syndromes
Sweeting, A., Park, F. J., & Hyett, J. A. (2014) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.09.006 · Cited by 29
Perspectives on the Proposed Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Diagnostic Criteria
Langer, O., Umans, J. G., & Miodovnik, M. (2012) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0b013e31827711e5 · Cited by 31
Comparison of Two Screening Strategies for Gestational Diabetes (GDM 2 ) Trial: Design and rationale
Abebe, K. Z., Scifres, C., Simhan, H. N., Day, N. L., Catalano, P. M., Bodnar, L. M., Costacou, T., Matthew, D., Illes, A., Orris, S. R., et al. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.08.012 · Cited by 31
The Challenges of Idealized Mothering
Keefe, R. H., Brownstein-Evans, C., & Polmanteer, R. S. R. (2017) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/0886109917747634 · Cited by 30
The post-HAPO situation with gestational diabetes: the bright and dark sides
Lapolla, A., & Metzger, B. E. (2018) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-018-1146-7 · Cited by 30
Bashir, M., Aboulfotouh, M. E., Dabbous, Z., Mokhtar, M. G., Siddique, M. A., Wahba, R. M., Ibrahim, A., Brich, S., Konje, J. C., & Abou‐Samra, A. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1550480 · Cited by 32
Mensah, G. P., van Rooyen, D. R. M., & ten Ham‐Baloyi, W. (2019) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2019.01.002 · Cited by 30
Chanda, S., Dogra, V., Hazarika, N., Bambrah, H. S., Sudke, A. K., Vig, A., & Hegde, S. K. B. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037836 · Cited by 30
Regulation of Placental Efflux Transporters during Pregnancy Complications
Kozlosky, D., Barrett, E. S., & Aleksunes, L. M. (2022) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.121.000449 · Cited by 33
Hiéronimus, S., & Meaux, J. P. L. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.010 · Cited by 30
Insulin treatment in diabetic pregnancy
Mathiesen, E. R., & Vaz, J. A. (2008) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.876 · Cited by 30
Labor and Delivery Management for Women With Diabetes
Hawkins, J. S., & Casey, B. M. (2007) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2007.04.003 · Cited by 30
Lamberg, S., Raitanen, J. A., Rissanen, P., & Luoto, R. M. (2010) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckq193 · Cited by 30
Racial Disparities in Perinatal Outcomes Among Women with Gestational Diabetes
Berggren, E. K., Boggess, K., Funk, M. J., & Stuebe, A. M. (2012) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2011.3123 · Cited by 30
Helseth, R., Salvesen, Ø. O., Stafne, S. N., Mørkved, S., Salvesen, K. Å., & Carlsen, S. M. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.3109/00365513.2014.928942 · Cited by 30
Difficulties in the Use of Risk Factors to Screen for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Simmons, D. S., Devers, M. C., Wolmarans, L., & Johnson, E. (2008) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1313 · Cited by 30
Fertility problems and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a nationwide cohort study
Søegaard, S. H., Kjær, S. K., Jørgensen, M. E., Damm, P., & Jensen, A. (2016) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.040 · Cited by 30
Idris, N., Hatikah, C. C., Murizah, M. Z., & Rushdan, M. N. M. (2009) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 29
Screening gestational diabetes mellitus: The role of maternal age
Kuo, C., Chen, S., Fang, C., Nien, F., Wu, E., Lin, S., Chuang, L., Lee, C., & Li, H. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173049 · Cited by 30
Rousseau‐Ralliard, D., Couturier‐Tarrade, A., Thieme, R., Brat, R., Rolland, A., Boileau, P., Aubrière, M.-C., Daniel, N., Dahirel, M., Derisoud, E., et al. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.010 · Cited by 31
Hutcheon, J. A., Platt, R. W., Meltzer, S. J., & Egeland, G. M. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2006.01.107 · Cited by 30
Varela, P., Spyropoulou, A. C., Kalogerakis, Z., Vousoura, E., Moraitou, M., & Zervas, I. M. (2017) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423617000317 · Cited by 30
Arora, D., Arora, R., Sangthong, S., Leelaporn, W., & Sangratanathongchai, J. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 29
Comments on gestational diabetes mellitus: from pathophysiology to clinical practice
Poulakos, P., Mintziori, G., Tsirou, E., Taousani, E., Savvaki, D., Harizopoulou, V. C., & Goulis, D. G. (2015) · HORMONES · doi:10.14310/horm.2002.1570 · Cited by 33
Terapia nutricional no diabetes gestacional
Padilha, P. D. C., Sena, A. B., Nogueira, J. L., Araújo, R. G. P. D. S., Alves, P. D., Accioly, E., & Saunders, C. (2010) · Revista de Nutrição · doi:10.1590/s1415-52732010000100011 · Cited by 31
Timing of delivery in women with diabetes in pregnancy
Berger, H. M., & Melamed, N. (2014) · Obstetric Medicine · doi:10.1177/1753495x13513577 · Cited by 29
Falavigna, M., Prestes, I. V., Schmidt, M. I., Duncan, B. B., Colagiuri, S., & Roglić, G. (2013) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2012.12.009 · Cited by 32
On what evidence-base do we recommend self-monitoring of blood glucose?
Kolb, H., Kempf, K., Martin, S., Stümvoll, M., & Landgraf, R. (2009) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2009.10.014 · Cited by 29
Vitamin D Deficiency Increases the Risk of Adverse Neonatal Outcomes in Gestational Diabetes
Weinert, L. S., Reichelt, A. J., Schmitt, L. R., Boff, R., Oppermann, M. L. R., Camargo, J. L., & Silveiro, S. P. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164999 · Cited by 30
Management of critically ill patients with diabetes
Silva-Perez, L. J., Benitez-Lopez, M. A., Varón, J., & Surani, S. (2017) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v8.i3.89 · Cited by 30
A systematic review of trends of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asia
Hirst, J. E., Raynes‐Greenow, C. H., & Jeffery, H. (2012) · Journal of Diabetology · doi:10.4103/2078-7685.198086 · Cited by 29
Leziak, K., Birch, E. M., Jackson, J., Strohbach, A., Niznik, C. M., & Yee, L. M. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology · doi:10.1177/1932296821993175 · Cited by 29
Neurodevelopmental Programming of Adiposity: Contributions to Obesity Risk
Skowronski, A. A., Leibel, R. L., & LeDuc, C. A. (2023) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnad031 · Cited by 33
Yang, N., Ginsburg, G. S., & Simmons, L. A. (2012) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2012.01048.x · Cited by 33
Ogonowski, J., Miazgowski, T., Czeszyńska, M. B., Jaskot, B., Kuczyńska, M., & Celewicz, Z. (2008) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2008.01.017 · Cited by 28
Therapeutic management of gestational diabetes
Jacqueminet, S., & Jannot-Lamotte, M.-F. (2010) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2010.11.016 · Cited by 29
The Role of Exercise in Reducing the Risks of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Hopkins, S. A., & Artal, R. (2013) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.13.52 · Cited by 34
Balsells, M., García‐Patterson, A., Gich, I. J., & Corcoy, R. (2013) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aogs.12291 · Cited by 28
Pharmacological Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Mukerji, G., & Feig, D. S. (2017) · Drugs · doi:10.1007/s40265-017-0807-0 · Cited by 32
Muhwava, L. S., Murphy, K., Zarowsky, C., & Levitt, N. S. (2018) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3175-x · Cited by 32
Xu, J., & Ye, S. (2018) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767058.2018.1497595 · Cited by 31
Cosson, E., Vicaut, É., Sandre-Banon, D., Gary, F., Pharisien, I., Portal, J.-J., Baudry, C., Cussac-Pillegand, C., Costeniuc, D., Valensi, P. E., et al. (2019) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2019.09.002 · Cited by 30
Chou, C.-Y., Lin, C.-L., Yang, C.-K., Yang, W.-C., Lee, F.-K., & Tsai, M.-S. (2010) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1620 · Cited by 28
An exercise program throughout pregnancy: Barakat model
Barakat, R. (2021) · Birth Defects Research · doi:10.1002/bdr2.1747 · Cited by 28
Lu, D., Huang, C., Huang, P., Chung, C., Lin, S., Chen, J., Chan, W., & Leu, H. (2014) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2261-14-187 · Cited by 29
Lipoprotein metabolism and vascular complications in pregnancy
Huda, S. S., Sattar, N. A., & Freeman, D. J. (2009) · Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.2217/17584299.4.1.91 · Cited by 28
Meloncelli, N. J. L., Barnett, A. G., Pelly, F. E., & de Jersey, S. (2018) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/ajo.12816 · Cited by 28
Babu, G. R., Deepa, R., Lewis, M. G., Lobo, E., Krishnan, A., Ana, Y., Katon, J. G., Enquobahrie, D. A., Arah, O. A., Kinra, S., et al. (2019) · Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.2147/clep.s222726 · Cited by 30
Kalhori, S. R. N., Hemmat, M., Noori, T., Heydarian, S., & Katigari, M. R. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573399816666200703181438 · Cited by 28
Maternal perceived discrimination and association with gestational diabetes
MacGregor, C. A., Freedman, A. A., Keenan‐Devlin, L. S., Grobman, W. A., Wadhwa, P. D., Simhan, H. N., Buß, C., & Borders, A. E. B. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100222 · Cited by 28
Phelan, S., Jelalian, E., Coustan, D. R., Caughey, A. B., CASTORINO, K. N., Hagobian, T. A., Muñoz‐Christian, K., Schaffner, A. A., Shields, L. E., Heaney, C., et al. (2021) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-021-05204-w · Cited by 34
Oyedeji, O., Maples, J. M., Rand, B. G., Fortner, K. B., Zite, N. B., & Ehrlich, S. F. (2021) · Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology · doi:10.1186/s40842-021-00120-z · Cited by 32
Song, X., Chen, L., Zhang, S., Liu, Y., Wei, J., Wang, T., & Qin, J. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14163347 · Cited by 28
Chen, Q., Wei, J. W. H., Tong, M., Yu, L. H., Lee, A. C.-L., Gao, Y., & Zhao, M. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.08.017 · Cited by 29
McDonald, R., Karahalios, A., Le, T., & Said, J. (2015) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2015/297420 · Cited by 27
Sweeting, A., Hare, M. J., de Jersey, S. J., Shub, A. L., Zinga, J., Foged, C., Hall, R. M., Wong, T., & Simmons, D. (2025) · Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.52696 · Cited by 26
Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in Yemen
Ali, A. D., Mehrass, A. A.-K., Al-Adhroey, A., Al-Shammakh, A., & Amran, A. (2016) · International Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s97502 · Cited by 48
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Screening and Outcomes in Southern Italian Pregnant Women
Capula, C., Chiefari, E., Vero, A., Arcidiacono, B., Iiritano, S., Puccio, L., Pullano, V., Foti, D. P., Brunetti, A., & Vero, R. (2013) · ISRN Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/387495 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Crowther, C. A., Hiller, J. E., Moss, J. R., McPhee, A. J., Jeffries, W. S., & Robinson, J. S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Adelaide (AU)
- Women's and Children's Hospital (AU)
- Lyell McEwin Hospital (AU)
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2005-06-16
- Volume
- 352
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 2477-2486
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2074307717
- Cited by
- 3,159
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 116 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 117 · 2023: 147 · 2022: 159 · 2021: 193 · 2020: 189 · 2019: 163 · 2018: 195 · 2017: 163 · 2016: 163 · 2015: 168 · 2014: 187 · 2013: 172 · 2012: 169
- FWCI
- 111.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, perinatal complications, insulin therapy, dietary recommendations, blood glucose monitoring, labor induction, cesarean section, neonatal jaundice, maternal depression, health-related quality of life, shoulder dystocia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Birth Weight, Blood Glucose, Cesarean Section, Dystocia, Female, Fetal Macrosomia, Glucose Tolerance Test, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Infant Mortality, Infant, Newborn, Insulin, Labor, Induced, Paralysis, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Diabetes, Gestational, Depression, Postpartum, Fractures, Bone
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
