The DOI matches its Crossref record; 78 of the 78 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring.
Abstract
Although some reports suggest that testosterone-replacement therapy may provide benefits for aging men, considerable controversy remains regarding indications for its use. Neither large-scale nor long-term studies have been initiated, in part because of theoretical concern regarding the risks associated with testosterone therapy, especially the possible stimulation of prostate cancer. This article discusses what is known (and not known) about the risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and provides recommendations for monitoring men who are receiving testosterone.
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In the citing paper
“Unfortunately, hormone replacement therapy is not a panacea, as it often results in various adverse events which outweigh its potential health benefits.”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“preventing an age-related decline in hormones by exogenous replacement is associated with increased risk for adverse effects in older adults.11-13”
From Hormonal and Metabolic Changes of Aging and the Influence of Lifestyle Modifications (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“However, testosterone may have deleterious actions on prostate disease, sleep apnea, and possibly cardiovascular risk (35).”
From Low testosterone levels are common and associated with insulin resistance in men with diabetes (2008) · cites this paper as [35]
Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 701–713 of 713
Hypogonadism and Metabolic Disorders
Cignarelli, A., Genchi, V. A., & Jayasena, C. N. (2026) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_50-1
Exogenous testosterone exacerbates pre-neoplastic lesions in the prostate of NKX3.1-deficient mice
Lim, S. J., Park, J. J., Kim, J. E., Song, H. J., Seol, A., Wang, S. G., Ryu, Y. E., Kim, Y. W., Go, J., & Hwang, D. Y. (2026) · Laboratory Animal Research · doi:10.1186/s42826-026-00284-8
“Moreover, hormone replacement therapy in aging men— while restoring systemic TS levels—has raised questions regarding its safety in individuals at high risk of prostate cancer [17].”
Han, W., Stump, K., Gubara, K., Gottipati, P., Aynaszyan, S., & Pazionis, T. J. C. (2026) · Global Spine Journal · doi:10.1177/21925682261487188
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Male Hypogonadism and Cryptorchidism
Pisani, M., Ralph, D. J., & Garaffa, G. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2766-6_17
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(2004) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Rhoden, E. L., & Morgentaler, A.
- Affiliations
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Morgentaler, Abraham
- Venue
- New England Journal of Medicine
- Publisher
- Massachusetts Medical Society
- Published
- 2004-01-29
- Volume
- 350
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 482-492
- ISSN
- 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
- 1533-4406
- OpenAlex
- W2120158027
- Cited by
- 705
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 9.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- New England Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Keywords
- testosterone replacement therapy, risk, prostate cancer, older men, monitoring, androgen therapy, hypogonadism
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Hypogonadism, Lipids, Male, Polycythemia, Prostatic Diseases, Risk Factors, Testosterone, Drug Monitoring, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Age Distribution, Hormone Replacement Therapy
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