The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 7 of the 50 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Re-Thinking Intersectionality
Open accessAbstract
Black feminist and legal studies scholar Jennifer C. Nash asks us to think critically about what has become the discourse and theory most commonly connected to feminism: intersectionality. As Nash puts it, intersectionality is now “the primary analytic tool that feminist and anti-racist scholars deploy for theorizing identity and oppression” (2008, 1). Nash outlines the limits to what she describes as the murky theory of intersectionality, including (1) the lack of a defined intersectional methodology (that is, how we do intersectionality); (2) the use of Black women as quintessential intersectional subjects; and (3) the vague definition of intersectionality. While intersectionality often gets deployed to talk about an individual’s race, class, and gender—which is often reduced to identity—Nash says we need to move beyond such understandings so that we can focus on racism, classism, sexism, and other forms of marginalization as interrelated forms of structural oppression.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Nash interrogates the assumptions underlying intersectionality as a feminist and anti-racist analytic, arguing that four unresolved tensions leave the paradigm theoretically and methodologically murky. She frames the critique as a constructive invitation to strengthen intersectionality rather than to abandon it.
Key findings
- Nash identifies four unresolved tensions in intersectionality scholarship: the absence of a clearly defined intersectional methodology, the treatment of black women as the quintessential intersectional subject, the vagueness of the term's definition, and the question of whether the theory matches lived experience.
- She argues that intersectional work often reproduces the cumulative logic it criticizes: Crenshaw's anti-discrimination analysis, while showing that black women's injuries exceed race-or-gender categories, still treats black women's identities as constituted only by race and gender, leaving class, sexuality, nationality, and ethnicity largely unexamined.
- The reliance on black women as a theoretical wedge treats them as a monolithic group and obscures differences among them; Nash also contends that intersectionality largely renames commitments already present in black feminism without specifying what new analytic tools it adds.
- She notes an unresolved dispute over scope — whether all identities are intersectional or only multiply marginalized ones — citing Kwan's observation that straight white male identity would likely be resisted as intersectional, against Zack's claim that all women are intersectional subjects.
- Nash calls for attention to how privilege and oppression are co-constituted within a single subject, and for treating race and gender as distinct, historically specific processes rather than as inextricably fused.
Methods
- Conceptual and theoretical essay; no empirical data collection or sample. The argument proceeds through close reading and critique of key texts in intersectionality and critical race scholarship.
- Draws on McCall's three intersectional methodologies — anticategorical, intracategorical, and intercategorical complexity — to show the gap between methodological prescription and actual intersectional practice.
- Engages primarily with Crenshaw, alongside Wing, Williams, Matsuda, Kwan, Zack, Walcott, and Wacquant, to illustrate the paradoxes Nash identifies.
Limitations
- Nash states explicitly that her aim is not to dismantle intersectionality but to expose its assumptions so scholars can build a more complex account of identity and oppression; she presents questions and challenges rather than a replacement framework.
- Evident from the text: the critique rests on a limited set of canonical sources and offers no empirical test of the claims about lived experience, which Nash herself flags as an open question for the field.
- Evident from the text: the essay diagnoses the missing methodology and theory of agency without supplying either, leaving the constructive program largely programmatic.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
26 Own interpretation · 19 Sources not found · 12 No full text of the sources · 4 Not checked yet · 3 Supported · 2 Partly supported · 2 Not supported · 2 No basis given · accuracy not yet measured
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“First, while seeking to underscore problems of exclusion within feminist and anti-racist theory, black women are treated as a unitary and monolithic entity.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Disputedcites Crenshaw, 1991 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
In the Introduction (pp. 1–2), Crenshaw criticizes identity politics for ignoring differences within groups. She explicitly says intersectionality is not a totalizing theory of identity and calls for attention to class, sexuality, and other dimensions of experience. That contradicts the claim that her approach treats Black women as a unitary, monolithic group. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Disputed
At least one cited source doesn’t support this claim or points to a different paper, and none confirmed it — see the verdicts below.
In the paper
“For example, Crenshaw's seminal analysis of the ways in which black women's experiences of sexual assault and domestic violence are mediated by both race and gender neglects the ways in which these experiences are also complicated by class, nationality, language, ethnicity, and sexuality.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Disputedcites Crenshaw, 1991 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (pp. 1–2) says the analysis focuses on race and gender and acknowledges that sexuality receives limited or no treatment. But the Structural Intersectionality and Battering section (pp. 2–3) expressly analyzes class and explains how immigrant status and cultural barriers compound vulnerability to domestic violence. The claim that the paper neglects these dimensions is therefore contrary to our copy, even though its treatment of sexuality is limited. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Disputed
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“From its inception, intersectionality has had a long-standing interest in one particular intersection: the intersection of race and gender.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Crenshaw, 1991 source
In the Introduction (p. 2), Crenshaw says she used intersectionality in an earlier article to describe how race and gender interact in Black women's experiences, and that this paper builds on those observations. She explicitly identifies race and gender as her focus here, while noting that other dimensions also matter. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Supported
In the paper
“Intersectionality has become the primary analytic tool that feminist and anti-racist scholars deploy for theorizing identity and oppression.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall, 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While Crenshaw endeavours to use black women's incapacity to comply with race/ gender categories to demonstrate the inadequacy of the categories themselves, her argument shores up the conception that black women's identities are constituted exclusively by race and gender.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“the notion that identity is formed by interlocking and mutually reinforcing vectors of race, gender, class, and sexuality has pervaded black feminist scholarship for decades.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Davis, 1981
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Moraga, 1983
- Not matchedcites Smith, 1983
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, it subverts race/gender binaries in the service of theorizing identity in a more complex fashion.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The re-creation of cumulative conceptions of identity is most apparent in Crenshaw's seminal critique of anti-discrimination law.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That is, black women's race and gender are treated as trans-historical constants that mark all black women in similar ways.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Intersectionality's reliance on black women as the basis for its claims to complex subjectivity renders black women prototypical intersectional subjects whose experiences of marginality are imagined to provide a theoretical value-added.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Matsuda, 1987
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 48
- It may state two separate claims as one. 25
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Second, intersectionality aspires to provide a vocabulary to respond to critiques of identity politics.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Crenshaw, 1991 source
In the Introduction (pp. 1–2), Crenshaw responds to a critique of identity politics by arguing that its problem is not difference itself, but its tendency to ignore differences within groups. She presents intersectionality as a way to account for those overlapping identities, supporting the citing sentence’s paraphrase. (LLM, conf=0.90)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“intersectionality rejects the 'single-axis framework' often embraced by both feminist and anti-racist scholars, instead analysing 'y the various ways in which race and gender interact to shape the multiple dimensions of Black women's y experiences'”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Crenshaw, 1991 source
Split into 2 atoms — 2 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Finally, intersectionality invites scholars to come to terms with the legacy of exclusions of multiply marginalized subjects from feminist and anti-racist work, and the impact of those absences on both theory and practice”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Supportedcites Crenshaw, 1991 source
In the Introduction (pp. 1–2), Crenshaw says feminist and antiracist practices frequently overlook how racism and sexism intersect, marginalizing women of color in both discourses. The discussion of structural intersectionality (p. 3) shows a practical consequence: interventions based on other women’s experiences can fail to address the obstacles women of color face. (LLM, conf=0.92)
- Not matchedcites Williams, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Crenshaw's articulation of intersectionality has galvanized an array of disciplines to consider questions of essentialism, exclusion, and complex identity in new ways.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > the 'so what' question(s): theoretical advances for a new intersectionality
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Crenshaw, 1991 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction (pp. 1–2) articulates intersectionality through the exclusion of women of color from single-axis accounts of race and gender, and calls for attention to multiple grounds of identity. It does not establish the claim that this articulation subsequently galvanized an array of disciplines. (LLM, conf=0.86)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
In the paper
“For Crenshaw, it is the fixed mutually exclusive categorizations of race and gender that marginalize black women.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Chang and Culp's query suggests the necessity of assessing whether intersectionality describes lived experiences of identity, and developing methodological tools that are sufficiently flexible to attend to the myriad intersections that constitute identity.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > on methodology and the theoretical primacy of black women theories of intersectional methodology
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That is, Crenshaw focuses on black women because they are 'multiply burdened', yet her analysis precludes an examination of forms of 'multiple burdens' (or the intersections of privileges and burdens) beyond race and gender.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Ultimately, Crenshaw seeks to challenge law and radical critiques of law (i.e.feminist legal theory, critical race theory) to attend to the 'intersectional experiences of those whom the movements claim as their respective constituents'”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These unresolved conflicts seep into feminist and anti-racist theory, practice, and politics, confusing their conceptions of identity and oppression, and obscuring the normative goals of their work.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Only a regime that attends to the 'particular manner in which Black women are subordinated' can adequately redress black women's injuries.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To that end, intersectionality has provided a name to a pre-existing theoretical and political commitment.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Rather than importing models from the regimes they seek to disrupt, Crenshaw argues that these projects must begin their analytic endeavours by attending to the most disadvantaged.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while intersectionality has worked to disrupt cumulative approaches to identity (i.e.race þ gender þ sexuality þ class¼complex identity), and to problematize social processes of categorization through strategic deployments of marginalized subjects' experiences, intersectional projects often replicate precisely the approaches that they critique.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: unclear — It is unclear why the paper says it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“She argues: yI want to assert affirmatively to the legal academy and to ourselves as well, that we black women are more than 'multiply-burdened' entities subject to a multiplicity of oppression, discrimination, pain and depression.Our essence is also characterized by a multiplicity of strength, love, joy, (with a spin leap alive we're alive) and transcendence that flourishes despite adversity.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“With little attention to the role that sexuality, nationality, or class, for example, might play in mediating or entrenching black women's experiences of 'burdens', black women function exclusively as sites that demonstrate the importance of race-and-gender, rendering black women's experiences the aggregate of race and gender.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Wing's use of poetry is not simply to explain the 'multiplicative' nature of black women's experiences; poetry also exemplifies black women's particular relationship with the creative.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Crenshaw attacks the assumptions underpinning anti-discrimination law, arguing that black women are compelled to assert either race-based or gender-based discrimination claims instead of causes of action, which reflect their positions as intersectional subjects.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“She argues, 'We, as black women, can no longer afford to think of ourselves or let the law think of us as merely the sum of separate parts y .The actuality of our layered experience is multiplicative.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“to argue that black women's experiences are 'multiplicative' or 'one times one'.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite intersectionality's theoretical dominance as a way of conceptualizing identity, a number of paradoxes embedded in its literature remain uninterrogated by feminist and anti-racist scholarship.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“This 'important theoretical contribution' has become the 'gold standard' multidisciplinary approach for analysing subjects' experiences of both identity and oppression.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall, 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, Crenshaw offers little attention to the ways in which race and gender function as social processes in distinctive ways for particular black women in varying historical moments.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Crenshaw insists that simply adding black women to the existing regime will not remedy their marginalization”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“there has been little discussion of how to study intersectionality, that is, of its methodology”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > on methodology and the theoretical primacy of black women theories of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall, 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Because law recognizes only race-or gender-based injuries, black women's injuries as black women cannot be wholly addressed by the existing doctrinal structure.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ultimately, intersectionality seeks to demonstrate the racial variation(s) within gender and the gendered variation(s) within race”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Crenshaw's conception of intersectionality, the idea that a 'yfocus on the most privileged group members marginalizes those who are multiply-burdened and obscures claims that cannot be understood as resulting from discrete sources of discrimination' has given politically progressive projects a way of describing both the simultaneity of multiple oppressions and the complexity of identity”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > on methodology and the theoretical primacy of black women theories of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Through nonobjective and often non-linear theoretical formations, intersectional scholars have been able to articulate the often ignored injuries of the 'spirit-murder' (Williams, 1989) of 'racism/sexism' (Wing, 1990).”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Williams, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Intersectionality's relative inattention to methodology has been explained by the difficulty of crafting a method adequately attentive to 'ythe complexity that arises when the subject of analysis expands to include multiple dimensions of social life and categories of analysis'”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > on methodology and the theoretical primacy of black women theories of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall, 2005 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“McCall's analytic frameworks highlight a tremendous gap between conceptions of intersectional methodology and practices of intersectional investigations.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall, 2005 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Robert Chang and Jerome McCristal Culp, Jr. highlight the methodological murkiness of intersectionality querying 'How does one pay attention to the points of intersection?How many intersections are there?Is the idea of an intersection the right analogy?'”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > on methodology and the theoretical primacy of black women theories of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Chang and Culp, 2002
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“McCall analyses three distinct intersectional methodologies, each with theoretical and practical shortcomings and benefits.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > on methodology and the theoretical primacy of black women theories of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites McCall, 2005 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Adrien Wing's work exemplifies the reliance on literary devices to describe black women's experiences.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It is precisely because intersectionality is now 'a leading feminist paradigm' with expansive interdisciplinary reach that it is a critical moment to engage with its contradictions, absences, and murkiness”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > introduction
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Zack, 2005
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet despite the methodological challenges of complex analyses, some scholars have worked to develop various tools that can be used to craft an intersectional methodology.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > on methodology and the theoretical primacy of black women theories of intersectional methodology
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While the use of poetry as a mechanism for disrupting logocentrism is a convention of feminist theory, and the use of narrative is a conventional critical race tool for dislodging law's claims of objectivity, the deployment of poetry as the primary vehicle for evoking the experiences of marginalized subjects suggests a shortcoming in the methodological orientation of intersectional theory.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“While some scholars have reified cumulative notions of identity, others have used poetry (Wing, 1990), narrative (Williams, 1989), and standpoint epistemology (Matsuda, 1987) as a method for disrupting race-or-gender logic.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
- Not matchedcites Williams, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Matsuda, 1987
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Because 'black women are theoretically erased', centring black women's experiences makes feminism and anti-racist work's systematic inattention to black women apparent and demonstrates the necessity of deepening feminist and anti-racist conversations (Crenshaw, 1989: 139).”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“While the 'logic of the trial' enables scholars to locate the racist and sexist practices that undergird seemingly neutral and objective sites (like law), it also tends to ignore the mechanisms through which domination operates, proliferates, and entrenches itself (Wacquant, 1997).”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > the 'so what' question(s): theoretical advances for a new intersectionality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Wacquant, 1997
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This unresolved theoretical dispute makes it unclear whether intersectionality is a theory of marginalized subjectivity or a generalized theory of identity.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > who is intersectional?
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“To that end, black women's experiences are used as a theoretical wedge, designed to demonstrate the shortcomings of conventional feminist and anti-racist work.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Crenshaw, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In particular, it suggests that the project has yet to produce a mechanism for systematically articulating, aggregating, or examining the 'multiple levels of consciousness' that form the basis of their study of subjectivity”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wing, 1990 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Simply identifying particular intersections as undertheorized or unacknowledged is only the first step in a larger theoretical and political project, which intersectionality has yet to articulate with specificity.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > the 'so what' question(s): theoretical advances for a new intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Matsuda's intervention demonstrates the interconnections of forms of subordination, yet gestures toward the tendency of intersectional theorists to ignore the intimate connections between privilege and oppression.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > the 'so what' question(s): theoretical advances for a new intersectionality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Matsuda, 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Her framework underscores the ways in which patriarchy, racism, and heterosexism buttress each other, but ignores the ways in which subjects might be both victimized by patriarchy and privileged by race (it also ignores the ways in which subjects might take pleasure in some of the trappings of patriarchal power) in particular social, cultural, historical, and political moments.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > the 'so what' question(s): theoretical advances for a new intersectionality
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Matsuda, 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“That is, black women enable scholars to 'ask the other question', to expose the spectres of racism and sexism, which leave their traces even in progressive analyses (Matsuda, 1987).”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Matsuda, 1987
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, it suggests that there is something poetic about black women's experiences of both identity and oppression, and that black women are inherently resilient subjects who retain an innate creativity even in the midst of the opposition that a patriarchal white-dominated culture produces.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Kwan's intervention suggests that intersectionality has generally been opposed to imagining non-multiply marginalized subjects as central to its theoretical and political project, particularly because of its investment in 'recovering' marginalized subjects' voices and experiences.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > who is intersectional?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kwan, 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Generally, intersectional literature has excluded an examination of identities that are imagined as either wholly or even partially privileged, although those identities, like all identities, are always constituted by the intersections of multiple vectors of power.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > who is intersectional?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Kwan, 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These assertions, while useful for problematizing the notion that black women's experiences can be reduced solely to marginalization, ultimately romanticize and idealize positions of social subordination and reinstall conceptions that black women's bodies are sites of 'strength' and 'transcendence' rather than complex spaces of multiple meanings.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, intersectionality has yet to contend with whether its theory explains or describes the processes and mechanisms by which subjects mobilize (or choose not to mobilize) particular aspects of their identities in particular circumstances.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > processes of identity formation
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Now that intersectionality itself has become an institutionalized intellectual project, and the dominant tool for excavating the voices of the marginalized, it is incumbent upon intersectional scholars to critically interrogate the goals of the intersectional project as they determine how to chart the future of this theoretical and political movement.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > the 'so what' question(s): theoretical advances for a new intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Yet neither of these projects has assessed or theorized the repercussions of conceptualizing of identity as 'symbiotically, cosynthetically, multidimensionally, or interconnectedly' formed.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > the 'so what' question(s): theoretical advances for a new intersectionality
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In particular, black feminism imagines black women's subjectivities as an inherent disloyalty to race-or-gender thinking and marshals black women's stories, experiences, and narratives as a way of continuously and strategically jamming the workings of binary thinking.”
§ 89 re-thinking intersectionality > practices of intersectional methodology
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Intersectionality has been increasingly adopted as an analytical framework in different fields, ranging from gender and feminist studies (Ahmed, 2017;Nash, 2008;Shields, 2008), and psychology (Cole, 2009), to organizational studies (Acker, 2006).”
From Intersectional climate justice: A conceptual pathway for bridging adaptation planning, transformative action, and social equity (2022) · cites this paper as Nash, 2008
Citations
Cites
Mapping the Margins: Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Violence against Women of Color
Crenshaw, K. (1991) · Stanford Law Review · doi:10.2307/1229039 · Cited by 32,792
Crenshaw, K. (2018) · Feminist Legal Theory · doi:10.4324/9780429500480-5 · Cited by 9,510
The Complexity of Intersectionality
McCall, L. (2005) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/426800 · Cited by 6,682
(2024) · doi:10.4135/9781529691627 · Cited by 1,830
Inessential woman: problems of exclusion in feminist thought
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Alday, R. E. (1993) · Derechos y libertades: Revista de Filosofía del Derecho y derechos humanos · Cited by 1,436
The alchemy of race and rights
Munster, A. (1992) · Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1016/0047-2352(92)90026-6 · Cited by 1,280
Anderson, K., & Davis, A. Y. (1982) · The Journal of American History · doi:10.2307/1903191 · Cited by 1,087
African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race
Higginbotham, E. B. (1992) · Signs · doi:10.1086/494730 · Cited by 966
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Chang R.S., 2002, University of Missouri-Kansas City Law Review, 71, 485
- Crenshaw K., 1992, Raceing Justice, Engendering Power
- Kwan P., 1996, Hastings Law Journal, 48, 1257
- Matsuda M., 1992, Women's Rights Law Reporter, 14, 297
- Wacquant L., 1997, Political Power and Social Theory II, 221
- Wing A.K., 1990, Berkeley Women's Law Journal, 6, 181
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Toward a Field of Intersectionality Studies: Theory, Applications, and Praxis
Cho, S., Crenshaw, K. W., & McCall, L. (2013) · Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society · doi:10.1086/669608 · Cited by 4,126
Bowleg, L. (2012) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2012.300750 · Cited by 2,996
On the Opportunities and Risks of Foundation Models
Bommasani, R., Hudson, D. A., Adeli, E., Altman, R., Arora, S., von Arx, S., Bernstein, M. S., Bohg, J., Bosselut, A., Brunskill, E., et al. (2021) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.07258 · Cited by 2,676
Intersectionality's Definitional Dilemmas
Collins, P. H. (2015) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-073014-112142 · Cited by 2,419
Bauer, G. R. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.022 · Cited by 1,776
Bauer, G. R., Churchill, S. M., Mahendran, M., Walwyn, C., Lizotte, D. J., & Villa-Rueda, A. A. (2021) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100798 · Cited by 1,082
The Concept of Intersectionality in Feminist Theory
Carastathis, A. (2014) · Philosophy Compass · doi:10.1111/phc3.12129 · Cited by 797
Othering, identity formation and agency
Jensen, S. Q. (2011) · Qualitative Studies · doi:10.7146/qs.v2i2.5510 · Cited by 620
Race and Ethnicity in Latin America
Wade, P. (2010) · Pluto Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/j.ctt183p73f · Cited by 829
Moradi, B., & Grzanka, P. R. (2017) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000203 · Cited by 501
Rosenthal, L. (2016) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/a0040323 · Cited by 462
Disappearing Acts: Reclaiming Intersectionality in the Social Sciences in a Post-Black Feminist Era
Alexander-Floyd, N. G. (2012) · Feminist Formations · doi:10.1353/ff.2012.0003 · Cited by 259
Evans, C. R., Williams, D. R., Onnela, J.-P. “., & Subramanian, S. V. (2017) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.11.011 · Cited by 440
“Theorists have voiced this concern and called for consideration of the points of intersection that mix privilege and marginalization (Bauer, 2014; Choo and Ferree, 2010; Hancock, 2007; Nash, 2008).”
BackgroundRace and Ethnicity in Latin America
Wade, P. (2010) · Pluto Press eBooks · doi:10.26530/oapen_625258 · Cited by 355
Intersectionality and Public Policy: Some Lessons from Existing Models
Hankivsky, O., & Cormier, R. L. (2010) · Political Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/1065912910376385 · Cited by 399
“intersectionality, public policy, inequities, inequalities, multistrand approach As is now well established, intersectionality has become a primary analytic tool for theorizing identity and oppression (Nash 2008).”
BackgroundExploring the promises of intersectionality for advancing women's health research
Hankivsky, O., Reid, C., Cormier, R., Varcoe, C., Clark, N., Benoit, C., & Brotman, S. (2010) · International Journal for Equity in Health · doi:10.1186/1475-9276-9-5 · Cited by 346
An Emic Approach to Intersectional Study of Diversity at Work: A Bourdieuan Framing
Tatlι, A., & Özbilgin, M. F. (2011) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2370.2011.00326.x · Cited by 382
Patil, V. (2013) · Signs · doi:10.1086/669560 · Cited by 376
Amorim-Maia, A. T., Anguelovski, I., Chu, E., & Connolly, J. (2022) · Urban Climate · doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2021.101053 · Cited by 328
“Intersectionality has been increasingly adopted as an analytical framework in different fields, ranging from gender and feminist studies (Ahmed, 2017; Nash, 2008; Shields, 2008), and psychology (Cole, 2009), to organizational studies (Acker, 2006).”
Gkiouleka, A., Huijts, T., Beckfield, J., & Bambra, C. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.01.025 · Cited by 319
Un/Doing Intersectionality through Higher Education Research
Harris, J. C., & Patton, L. D. (2019) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.1080/00221546.2018.1536936 · Cited by 308
“Thus, intersectionality “provided a name for a pre-existing theoretical and political commitment” (Nash, 2008, p. 3).”
BackgroundDoing Intersectional Analysis: Methodological Implications for Qualitative Research
Christensen, A.-D., & Jensen, S. Q. (2012) · NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research · doi:10.1080/08038740.2012.673505 · Cited by 348
Hierarchies of social location, class and intersectionality: Towards a translocational frame
Anthias, F. (2012) · International Sociology · doi:10.1177/0268580912463155 · Cited by 333
Rethinking Care Ethics: On the Promise and Potential of an Intersectional Analysis
HANKIVSKY, O. (2014) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055414000094 · Cited by 287
The Theory and Praxis of Intersectionality in Work and Organisations: Where Do We Go From Here?
Rodríguez, J. K., Holvino, E., Fletcher, J. K., & Nkomo, S. M. (2016) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12131 · Cited by 345
Alberti, G. (2014) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017014528403 · Cited by 272
Annual review article: Is it time to rethink the gender agenda in entrepreneurship research?
Marlow, S., & Dy, A. M. (2017) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/0266242617738321 · Cited by 299
Intersectionality and its discontents: Intersectionality as traveling theory
Salem, S. (2016) · European Journal of Women s Studies · doi:10.1177/1350506816643999 · Cited by 322
“Jennifer Nash (2008) has correctly pointed out that ambiguity surrounding methodological questions – in order to be as inclusive as possible – can lead to further problems.”
Power, Privilege and Knowledge: the Untenable Promise of Co-production in Mental “Health”
Rose, D. S., & Kalathil, J. (2019) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2019.00057 · Cited by 287
Vélez, G., & Spencer, M. B. (2018) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20247 · Cited by 264
The Intersections of Sexuality, Gender, and Race: Identity Research at the Crossroads
Warner, L. R., & Shields, S. A. (2013) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-013-0281-4 · Cited by 265
Intersectionality: are we taking enough notice in the field of work and employment relations?
McBride, A., Hebson, G., & Holgate, J. (2014) · Work Employment and Society · doi:10.1177/0950017014538337 · Cited by 257
Vincent, C. H. (2017) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2016.1274387 · Cited by 262
Envisioning environmental equity: climate change, health, and racial justice
Deivanayagam, T. A., English, S., Hickel, J., Bonifacio, J., Guinto, R., Hill, K. X., Huq, M., Issa, R., Mulindwa, H., Nagginda, H. P., et al. (2023) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(23)00919-4 · Cited by 260
Toward a Continuum of Intersectionality Theorizing for Feminist Social Work Scholarship
Mehrotra, G. R. (2010) · Affilia · doi:10.1177/0886109910384190 · Cited by 264
Barton, A. C., & Tan, E. (2018) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.3102/0002831218758668 · Cited by 249
“We also ground our work in intersectionality (Crenshaw, 1991; Nash 2008), an important lens when taking a relational and dynamic view of learning because of how it calls into question power and position.”
BackgroundMirza, H. S. (2012) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2012.10.012 · Cited by 251
Social geography I: Intersectionality
Hopkins, P. E. (2017) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132517743677 · Cited by 246
“One criticism is that there is no specific method or methodology associated with intersectionality (Nash, 2008; Phoenix and Pattynama, 2006).”
MethodThe intersectional risk environment of people who use drugs
Collins, A. B., Boyd, J., Cooper, H. L. F., & McNeil, R. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112384 · Cited by 244
“Notably, most intersectional scholarship does not infer that all social locations are of the same social significance, nor are they equally disadvantaged, focusing largely on marginalized individuals (Bowleg, 2012; Nash, 2008).”
BackgroundGopaldas, A. (2012) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1509/jppm.12.044 · Cited by 254
The Positive Consequences of Negative Stereotypes
Pedulla, D. S. (2014) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272513506229 · Cited by 213
Understanding unequal ageing: towards a synthesis of intersectionality and life course analyses
Holman, D., & Walker, A. (2020) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-020-00582-7 · Cited by 259
“Despite intersectional patterning, it is important to avoid deterministic understanding and instead acknowledge how agency mediates intersectional efects (Nash 2008).”
BackgroundToward feminist energy systems: Why adding women and solar panels is not enough✰
Bell, S. E., Daggett, C. N., & Labuski, C. M. (2020) · Energy Research & Social Science · doi:10.1016/j.erss.2020.101557 · Cited by 234
The Cambridge Handbook of Discourse Studies
Jaworska, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108348195 · Cited by 218
Intersectionality, migration and development
Bastia, T. (2014) · Progress in Development Studies · doi:10.1177/1464993414521330 · Cited by 239
Wu, Q., & Xu, Y. (2020) · Developmental Child Welfare · doi:10.1177/2516103220967937 · Cited by 210
“Intersectionality refers to complex, irreducible varied variables, such as race/ethnicity, gender, class, and their effects on individuals in a specific context (Nash, 2008).”
BackgroundIntersectionality & Climate Justice: A call for synergy in climate change scholarship
Mikulewicz, M., Caretta, M. A., Sultana, F., & Crawford, N. J. W. (2023) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/09644016.2023.2172869 · Cited by 218
Identity Categories as Potential Coalitions
Carastathis, A. (2013) · Signs · doi:10.1086/669573 · Cited by 190
Intersectionality and Social-Reproduction Feminisms
Ferguson, S. (2016) · Historical Materialism · doi:10.1163/1569206x-12341471 · Cited by 203
Revealing Intersectional Dynamics in Organizations: Introducing ‘Intersectional Identity Work’
Atewologun, D., Sealy, R. H. V., & Vinnicombe, S. (2015) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12082 · Cited by 192
Intersectionality, Metaphors, and the Multiplicity of Gender
Garry, A. (2011) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/j.1527-2001.2011.01194.x · Cited by 174
Intersectional Criminology: Interrogating Identity and Power in Criminological Research and Theory
Potter, H. (2013) · Critical Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10612-013-9203-6 · Cited by 177
Intersectionality in Clinical Medicine: The Need for a Conceptual Framework
Wilson, Y., White, A., Jefferson, A. A., & Danis, M. (2019) · The American Journal of Bioethics · doi:10.1080/15265161.2018.1557275 · Cited by 178
“Second, as Nash highlights, the focus on black women as a singular, analytic category obscures differences between black women—including differences in class and sexuality (Nash 2008, 9).”
BackgroundInfluentialRamugondo, E. L. (2015) · Journal of Occupational Science · doi:10.1080/14427591.2015.1042516 · Cited by 156
Rethinking Diversity Management: An Intersectional Analysis of Diversity Networks
Dennissen, M., Benschop, Y., & van den Brink, M. (2018) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840618800103 · Cited by 192
“Since Crenshaw (1989) introduced the term, intersectionality has become a thriving concept (see, inter alia, Collins & Bilge, 2016; Cho, Crenshaw, & McCall, 2013; Davis, 2008; Hancock, 2007; Holvino, 2010; McCall, 2005; Nash, 2008; Rodriguez et al., 2016; Yuval-Davis, 2006; Zanoni & Janssens, 2015).”
MethodBrown, M. J. (2011) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132511420973 · Cited by 165
Bowleg, L., Teti, M., Malebranche, D. J., & Tschann, J. M. (2012) · Psychology of Men & Masculinity · doi:10.1037/a0028392 · Cited by 162
Evans, C. R., & Erickson, N. (2018) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.019 · Cited by 149
Incorporating intersectionality into research design: an example using qualitative interviews
Windsong, E. A. (2016) · International Journal of Social Research Methodology · doi:10.1080/13645579.2016.1268361 · Cited by 190
“Intersectionality scholars emphasize several components for practice ranging from applications to critical legal theory (Crenshaw, 1989, 1991) to social activism (Cho, Crenshaw, & McCall, 2013; Nash, 2008) to empirically-driven social science research (Christensen & Qvotrup Jensen, 2012; Cuadraz & Uttal, 1999; Landry,…”
BackgroundSocial media and the politics of gender, race and identity: the case of Serena Williams
Litchfield, C., Kavanagh, E. J., Osborne, J., & Jones, I. (2018) · European Journal for Sport and Society · doi:10.1080/16138171.2018.1452870 · Cited by 159
“According to Nash (2008), intersectionality is a complex tool used for analysis.”
MethodIntersectionality: A pathway towards inclusive education?
Bešić, E. (2020) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-020-09461-6 · Cited by 223
“Within these hierarchies, some identity groups will be excluded to the detriment of others because of how the society perceives them (Nash 2008).”
BackgroundMethodTomlinson, B. (2013) · Signs · doi:10.1086/669571 · Cited by 160
Wright, T. (2015) · Gender Work and Organization · doi:10.1111/gwao.12074 · Cited by 162
Feminist originalism: Intersectionality and the politics of reading
Nash, J. C. (2015) · Feminist Theory · doi:10.1177/1464700115620864 · Cited by 146
Self-citationMultiple Disadvantages: An Empirical Test of Intersectionality Theory in EEO Litigation
Best, R. K., Edelman, L. B., Krieger, L. H., & Eliason, S. R. (2011) · Law & Society Review · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5893.2011.00463.x · Cited by 131
Building a digital Girl Army: The cultivation of feminist safe spaces online
Clark, R. (2017) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444817731919 · Cited by 126
“In other words, the term “rape culture” captures an intersectional understanding of oppression through what Nash (2008), revisiting Crenshaw (1989), describes as “technologies of categorization and control” (p. 13 ).”
BackgroundIntersectional rhythmanalysis: Power, rhythm, and everyday life
Reid‐Musson, E. (2017) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132517725069 · Cited by 135
“The broad purpose of the article is to assess how rhythmanalysis can be used to study intersectional power relations (McDowell, 2008; Nash, 2008; Valentine, 2007) and how intersectional analysis can give greater analytical edge to rhythmanalysis.”
BackgroundPlacing intersectional inequalities in health
Bambra, C. L. (2022) · Health & Place · doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102761 · Cited by 138
“Social groups therefore experience different amounts of disadvantage and privilege associated with their different characteristics – and related to their specific context (Nash, 2008).”
Tormos, F. (2017) · Politics, Groups, and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2017.1385494 · Cited by 119
“Speaking into the Void”? Intersectionality Critiques and Epistemic Backlash
May, V. M. (2014) · Hypatia · doi:10.1111/hypa.12060 · Cited by 85
BONILLA, T., & TILLERY, A. B. (2020) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.1017/s0003055420000544 · Cited by 113
Holman, D., Salway, S., Bell, A., Beach, B., Adebajo, A., Ali, N., & Butt, J. (2021) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-021-00742-w · Cited by 134
Developing a Critical Realist Positional Approach to Intersectionality
Dy, A. M., Martin, L., & Marlow, S. (2014) · Journal of Critical Realism · doi:10.1179/1476743014z.00000000043 · Cited by 127
“…categories and dismiss them as irrelevant (McCall 2005) Categories as abstractions with real implications: social, political, cultural and economic (Gunnarsson 2011) Concrete universals (Bhaskar [1993] 2008) Lack of theory on agency (Nash 2008) Morphogenetic approach, three‐stage…”
InfluentialNguyen, T., & Nguyen, B. M. D. (2018) · Review of Research in Education · doi:10.3102/0091732x18759280 · Cited by 151
“First- versus continuing-generation adult students on college perceptions: Are differences actually because of demographic variance? Adult Educational Quarterly, 58, 214–228. Gibbons, M. M., & Borders, L. D. (2010). Prospective first-generation college students: A social-cognitive perspective. Career Development Quart…”
InfluentialLeisure studies and intersectionality
Watson, B., & Scraton, S. J. (2012) · Leisure Studies · doi:10.1080/02614367.2012.707677 · Cited by 133
African expatriates and race in the anthropology of humanitarianism
Benton, A. (2016) · Critical African Studies · doi:10.1080/21681392.2016.1244956 · Cited by 121
Dyches, J., & Boyd, A. S. (2017) · Journal of Teacher Education · doi:10.1177/0022487117705097 · Cited by 135
Does Women's Presence Change Legislative Behavior? Evidence from Argentina, 1983–2007
Htun, M., Lacalle, M., & Micozzi, J. P. (2013) · Journal of Politics in Latin America · doi:10.1177/1866802x1300500105 · Cited by 112
When intersectionality met childhood studies: the dilemmas of a travelling concept
Konstantoni, K., & Emejulu, A. (2016) · Children s Geographies · doi:10.1080/14733285.2016.1249824 · Cited by 132
Modeling the intersectionality of processes in the social production of health inequalities
Evans, C. R. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.01.017 · Cited by 118
Flourishing in the Everyday: Moving Beyond Damage-Centered Design in HCI for BIPOC Communities
To, A., Smith, A. D. R., Showkat, D., Adjagbodjou, A. D., & Harrington, C. (2023) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3596057 · Cited by 121
“A focus on intersecting traits of the user’s identity, as previous work on intersectionality in HCI has adopted [74, 99], runs the risk of representing users and their context as static entities with little agency [78, 90], needing to be helped, whereas the focus on dynamic processes of the subject formation allows us…”
BackgroundExploring class-based intersectionality
Block, D., & Corona, V. (2014) · Language Culture and Curriculum · doi:10.1080/07908318.2014.894053 · Cited by 113
From the Guest Editors: Gender, Disability, and Intersectionality
Naples, N. A., Mauldin, L., & Dillaway, H. E. (2018) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243218813309 · Cited by 60
Intersectionality from Theoretical Framework to Policy Intervention
Smooth, W. G. (2013) · Palgrave Macmillan US eBooks · doi:10.1057/9781137025135_2 · Cited by 121
New directions in studying policies of international student mobility and migration
Riaño, Y., Mol, C. V., & Raghuram, P. (2018) · Globalisation Societies and Education · doi:10.1080/14767724.2018.1478721 · Cited by 105
“Intersectional perspectives, which give attention to how the ‘intersection’ of gender, ethnicity, nationality, religion, sexual orientation, disability, and age may shape their differentiated experiences (e.g., Nash 2008; Riaño 2011), might be of particular relevance here.”
BackgroundIntersectionality, identity and identity work
Corlett, S., & Mavin, S. A. (2014) · Gender in Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/gm-12-2013-0138 · Cited by 123
Interseccionalidad y migraciones: potencialidades y desafíos
Magliano, M. J. (2015) · Revista Estudos Feministas · doi:10.1590/0104-026x2015v23n3p691 · Cited by 158
Inclusion without Representation in Latin America: Gender Quotas and Ethnic Reservations
Htun, M. (2016) · Cited by 100
Goethals, T., Schauwer, E. D., & Hove, G. V. (2015) · DiGeSt. Journal of Diversity and Gender Studies · doi:10.11116/jdivegendstud.2.1-2.0075 · Cited by 102
Brown, N. E., & Lemi, D. C. (2021) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197540572.001.0001 · Cited by 126
Vu, M., Li, J., Haardörfer, R., Windle, M. T., & Berg, C. J. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-6430-0 · Cited by 111
Masculinities, Femininities, Behaviour and Health
Lyons, A. C. (2009) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00192.x · Cited by 111
Wong-Villacrés, M., Kumar, A., Vishwanath, A., Karusala, N., DiSalvo, B. J., & Kumar, N. (2018) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3196709.3196794 · Cited by 103
“A focus on intersecting traits of the user’s identity—as prior work on intersectionality in HCI has adopted [13, 58, 71]—runs the risk of representing users and their contexts as static entities with little agency [61, 67], needing to be “helped”.”
BackgroundPolitical inclusion of marginalized groups: indigenous reservations and gender parity in Bolivia
Htun, M., & Ossa, J. P. C. (2013) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2012.757443 · Cited by 109
Feminism, psychology, and the gendering of neoliberal subjectivity: From critique to disruption
Rutherford, A. (2018) · Theory & Psychology · doi:10.1177/0959354318797194 · Cited by 116
Who owns intersectionality? Some reflections on feminist debates on how theories travel
Davis, K. (2019) · European Journal of Women s Studies · doi:10.1177/1350506819892659 · Cited by 117
“The by no means exhaustive list would include: Alexander-Floyd (2012), Bilge (2013), Erel et al. (2010), Lewis (2009, 2013), May (2014), Nash (2008, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2019), Salem (2018) and Tomlinson (2013a, 2013b, 2018) as well as the contributors to a special issue of Signs (Cho et al., 2013).”
BackgroundEvans, C. R., Leckie, G., & Merlo, J. (2019) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112499 · Cited by 97
“…MAIHDA answers calls from intersectional scholars for innovative new quantitative methods to study intercategorical inequalities (Bauer 2014; Bowleg 2012; McCall 2005; Nash 2008) and calls from social epidemiologists (Merlo 2014; Merlo & Wagner 2012) for innovative eco-epidemiologic approaches.”
BackgroundApostolopoulou, E., Chatzimentor, A., Maestre‐Andrés, S., Mora, M. R. I., Choy, A. P., & Bormpoudakis, D. (2021) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2021.05.006 · Cited by 111
Poverty and transport in the global south: An overview
Benevenuto, R., & Caulfield, B. M. (2019) · Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.04.018 · Cited by 100
“After its inception, other interlocking and mutually reinforcing vectors of exclusion have been also considered to expand this concept to class, ethnicity, disabilities, age, religion, etc (Nash, 2008).”
Metadata
- Authors
- Nash, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nash, Jennifer C.
- ORCID
- Nash, Jennifer C.
- Venue
- Feminist Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-06
- Volume
- 89
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-15
- ISSN
- 0141-7789 (ISSN-L)
- 1466-4380
- OpenAlex
- W2102167286
- Cited by
- 1,995
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 114 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 116 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 202 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 180 · 2018: 142 · 2017: 115 · 2016: 91 · 2015: 100 · 2014: 85 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 73
- FWCI
- 57.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- philarchive.org
- Locations
- Feminist Review (publishedVersion)
- Routledge eBooks (publishedVersion)
- PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminist Theory and Gender Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Gender, Health, and Social Inequality
- Keywords
- intersectionality, critique of intersectionality, Black feminism, systemic oppression, racism, classism, sexism, marginalization, identity, anti-racism, Black women, feminist theory, race, class, and gender
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