Cultural Distance Revisited: Towards a More Rigorous Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Differences

The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode

Kogut, B., & Singh, H. (1988) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490394 · Cited by 6,211

Images of Organization

Morgan, G. (1986) · Cited by 5,650

The Eclectic Paradigm of International Production: A Restatement and Some Possible Extensions

Dunning, J. (1988) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490372 · Cited by 4,660

Retrospective reports of strategic‐level managers: Guidelines for increasing their accuracy

Huber, G. P., & Power, D. (1985) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250060206 · Cited by 1,718

Internationalization: Evolution of a Concept

Welch, L. S., & Luostarinen, R. K. (1988) · Journal of General Management · doi:10.1177/030630708801400203 · Cited by 1,504

The Economic Institutions of Capitalism

Freeman, R. E., & Williamson, O. (1987) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258544 · Cited by 1,370

The Psychic Distance Paradox

O'Grady, S., & Lane, H. W. (1996) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490137 · Cited by 956

The Location of Foreign Direct Investment Activity: Country Characteristics and Experience Effects

Davidson, W. H. (1980) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490602 · Cited by 835

International Expansion Strategy of Japanese Firms: Capability Building through Sequential Entry

Chang, S.-J. (1995) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/256685 · Cited by 830

Acculturation in Mergers and Acquisitions

Nahavandi, A., & Malekzadeh, A. R. (1988) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258356 · Cited by 811

The Uppsala internationalization process model revisited: From liability of foreignness to liability of outsidership

Johanson, J., & Vahlne, J. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.24 · Cited by 4,751

A quarter century of Culture's Consequences: a review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede's cultural values framework

Kirkman, B. L., Lowe, K. B., & Gibson, C. B. (2006) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400202 · Cited by 2,304

Transforming disadvantages into advantages: developing-country MNEs in the least developed countries

Cuervo-Cazurra, Á., & Genc, M. E. (2008) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400390 · Cited by 1,403

An institutional approach to cross-national distance

Berry, H., Guillen, M. F., & Zhou, N. (2010) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2010.28 · Cited by 1,349

Institutional Distance and the Multinational Enterprise

Xu, D., & Shenkar, O. (2002) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2002.7566108 · Cited by 1,233

The effect of cultural distance on entry mode choice, international diversification, and MNE performance: a meta-analysis

Tihanyi, L., Griffith, D. A., & Russell, C. J. (2005) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400136 · Cited by 1,018

Exploring the cognitive–affective nature of destination image and the role of psychological factors in its formation

Martín, H. S., & del Bosque, I. A. R. (2007) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.012 · Cited by 984

Globalisation, economic geography and the strategy of multinational enterprises

Buckley, P. J., & Ghauri, P. N. (2004) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400076 · Cited by 888

Developing a multidimensional instrument to measure psychic distance stimuli

Dow, D., & Karunaratna, A. R. (2006) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400221 · Cited by 847

Theoretical foundations of emerging economy business research

Meyer, K. E., & Peng, M. W. (2015) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2015.34 · Cited by 820

Do Cultural Differences Matter in Mergers and Acquisitions? A Tentative Model and Examination

Stahl, G. K., & Voigt, A. (2007) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0270 · Cited by 702

Beyond Hofstede and GLOBE: Improving the quality of cross-cultural research

Tung, R. L., & Verbeke, A. C. (2010) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2010.41 · Cited by 647

Transaction cost determinants and ownership-based entry mode choice: a meta-analytical review

Zhao, H. J., Luo, Y., & Suh, T. (2004) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400106 · Cited by 634

Multinationals and Corporate Social Responsibility in Host Countries: Does Distance Matter?

Campbell, J. T., Eden, L., & Miller, S. R. (2011) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2011.45 · Cited by 570

Cultural differences and capability transfer in cross-border acquisitions: the mediating roles of capability complementarity, absorptive capacity, and social integration

Björkman, I., Stahl, G. K., & Vaara, E. (2007) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400287 · Cited by 525

Learning from foreign subsidiaries: An empirical investigation of headquarters' benefits from reverse knowledge transfers

Ambos, T. C., Ambos, B., & Schlegelmilch, B. B. (2006) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2006.01.002 · Cited by 496

Distance without direction: Restoring credibility to a much-loved construct

Zaheer, S., Schomaker, M. S., & Nachum, L. (2012) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2011.43 · Cited by 480

The construct of institutional distance through the lens of different institutional perspectives: Review, analysis, and recommendations

Kostova, T., Beugelsdijk, S., Scott, W. R., Kunst, V. E., Chua, C. H., & van Essen, M. (2019) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-019-00294-w · Cited by 496

Alliance Portfolio Internationalization and Firm Performance

Lavie, D., & Miller, S. R. (2008) · Organ. Sci. · doi:10.1287/orsc.1070.0341 · Cited by 476

Cultural Distance and Firm Internationalization: A Meta-Analytical Review and Theoretical Implications

Beugelsdijk, S., Kostova, T., Kunst, V. E., Spadafora, E., & van Essen, M. (2017) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206317729027 · Cited by 469

The impact of distance on knowledge transfer effectiveness in multinational corporations

Ambos, T. C., & Ambos, B. (2009) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2008.02.002 · Cited by 463

Dimensions and Dynamics of National Culture: Synthesizing Hofstede With Inglehart

Beugelsdijk, S., & Welzel, C. (2018) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022118798505 · Cited by 461

Formal institutions, culture, and venture capital activity: A cross-country analysis

Li, Y., & Zahra, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2010.06.003 · Cited by 472

Are Scores on Hofstede's Dimensions of National Culture Stable over Time? A Cohort Analysis

Beugelsdijk, S., Maseland, R., & van Hoorn, A. (2015) · Global Strategy Journal · doi:10.1002/gsj.1098 · Cited by 455

Cultural Distance and Psychic Distance: Two Peas in a Pod?

Sousa, C. M. P., & Bradley, F. (2006) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jimk.14.1.49 · Cited by 469

An overview of Hofstede-inspired country-level culture research in international business since 2006

Beugelsdijk, S., Kostova, T., & Roth, K. (2016) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-016-0038-8 · Cited by 452

Intercultural Competence

Leung, K., Ang, S., & Tan, M. L. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091229 · Cited by 450

The antecedents of psychic distance

Håkanson, L., & Ambos, B. (2010) · Journal of International Management · doi:10.1016/j.intman.2010.06.001 · Cited by 464

Institutional Environments, Staffing Strategies, and Subsidiary Performance

Gaur, A. S., Delios, A., & Singh, K. (2007) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206307302551 · Cited by 455

The double-edged sword of cultural distance in international acquisitions

Reus, T. H., & Lamont, B. T. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.25 · Cited by 445

Hofstede, Schwartz, or managerial perceptions? The effects of different cultural distance measures on establishment mode choices by multinational enterprises

Drogendijk, R. H., & Slangen, A. (2006) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2006.05.003 · Cited by 434

The Impact of Culture on Creativity: How Cultural Tightness and Cultural Distance Affect Global Innovation Crowdsourcing Work

Chua, R. Y. J., Roth, Y., & Lemoine, J.-F. (2015) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0001839214563595 · Cited by 433

Fifty Years of International Business Theory and Beyond

Rugman, A. M., Verbeke, A., & Nguyen, Q. T. K. (2011) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-011-0102-3 · Cited by 429

SUBSIDIARY STAFFING IN MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISES: AGENCY, RESOURCES, AND PERFORMANCE.

Gong, Y. (2003) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/30040664 · Cited by 421

Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Poverty Alleviation

Alvarez, S., & Barney, J. B. (2013) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1111/etap.12078 · Cited by 431

The language barrier and its implications for HQ‐subsidiary relationships

Harzing, A.-W. K., & Feely, A. J. (2008) · Cross Cultural Management An International Journal · doi:10.1108/13527600810848827 · Cited by 402

Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in international business studies: The need for positive cross-cultural scholarship

Stahl, G. K., & Tung, R. L. (2014) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2014.68 · Cited by 399

From “Distance” to “Friction”: Substituting Metaphors and Redirecting Intercultural Research

Shenkar, O., Luo, Y., & Yeheskel, O. (2008) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2008.34421999 · Cited by 397

A framework to update Hofstede's cultural value indices: economic dynamics and institutional stability

Tang, L., & KOVEOS, P. E. (2008) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400399 · Cited by 394

Institutional distance and local isomorphism strategy

SALOMON, R. M., & Wu, Z. (2012) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2012.3 · Cited by 389

When Does Cross-Cultural Motivation Enhance Expatriate Effectiveness? A Multilevel Investigation of the Moderating Roles of Subsidiary Support and Cultural Distance

Chen, G., Kirkman, B. L., Kim, K., Farh, C. I. C., & Tangirala, S. (2010) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2010.54533217 · Cited by 385

The effects of entrepreneurial proclivity and foreign market knowledge on early internationalization

Zhou, L. (2007) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2007.04.009 · Cited by 388

Mapping world cultures: Cluster formation, sources and implications

Ronen, S., & Shenkar, O. (2013) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2013.42 · Cited by 377

Institutional exceptions on global projects: a process model

Orr, R. J., & Scott, W. R. (2008) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400370 · Cited by 376

Manufacturer governance of foreign distributor relationships: do relational norms enhance competitiveness in the export market?

Zhang, C., Cavusgil, S. T., & Roath, A. S. (2003) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400051 · Cited by 360

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Drivers of Corporate Social Performance: Evidence from Foreign and Domestic Firms in Mexico

Muller, A. R., & Kolk, A. (2009) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00855.x · Cited by 369

MNEs as border-crossing multi-location enterprises: The role of discontinuities in geographic space

Beugelsdijk, S., & Mudambi, R. (2013) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2013.23 · Cited by 355

Emerging themes in international business research

Griffith, D. A., Cavusgil, S. T., & Xu, S. (2008) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400412 · Cited by 354

National culture and corporate cash holdings around the world

Chen, Y., Dou, P. Y., Rhee, S. G., Truong, C., & Veeraraghavan, M. (2014) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2014.09.018 · Cited by 358

Tourists’ intention to visit a country: The impact of cultural distance

Ng, S. I., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2007) · Tourism Management · doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2006.11.005 · Cited by 349

Developing successful trust-based international exchange relationships

Katsikeas, C. S., Skarmeas, D., & Bello, D. C. (2008) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400401 · Cited by 348

Brain drain: Inclination to stay abroad after studies

Baruch, Y., Budhwar, P. S., & Khatri, N. (2006) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2006.11.004 · Cited by 343

Cultural distance, political risk, or governance quality? Towards a more accurate conceptualization and measurement of external uncertainty in foreign entry mode research

Slangen, A., & van Tulder, R. J. M. (2009) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2009.02.014 · Cited by 335

Building Collegial Information Networks: A Theory of Advice Network Generation

Nebus, J. F. (2006) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2006.21318921 · Cited by 341

National culture and dividend policy

Shao, L., Kwok, C. C. Y., & Guedhami, O. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.74 · Cited by 332

Globalization and location choice: an analysis of US multinational firms in 1980 and 2000

Flores, R. G., & Aguilera, R. V. (2007) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400307 · Cited by 322

Identifying the big question in international business research

Peng, M. W. (2004) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400077 · Cited by 320

The liability of foreignness in capital markets: Sources and remedies

Bell, R. G., Filatotchev, I. V., & Rasheed, A. A. (2011) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2011.55 · Cited by 317

A cultural explanation of the foreign bias in international asset allocation

Beugelsdijk, S., & Frijns, B. (2010) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jbankfin.2010.01.020 · Cited by 312

Cultural differences, convergence, and crossvergence as explanations of knowledge transfer in international acquisitions

Sarala, R. M., & Vaara, E. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.89 · Cited by 308

Diplomatic and corporate networks: Bridges to foreign locations

Li, J., Meyer, K. E., Zhang, H., & Ding, Y. (2017) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-017-0098-4 · Cited by 298

Avoiding uncertainty in Hofstede and GLOBE

Venaik, S., & Brewer, P. (2010) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2009.96 · Cited by 292

When global virtual teams share knowledge: Media richness, cultural difference and language commonality

Klitmøller, A., & Lauring, J. (2013) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2012.07.023 · Cited by 287

The Impact of Cultural Diversity in Corporate Boards on Firm Performance

Frijns, B., Dodd, O., & Címerová, H. (2016) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.07.014 · Cited by 287

The Moderating Impact of Informal Institutional Distance and Formal Institutional Risk on SME Entry Mode Choice

Schwens, C., Eiche, J., & Kabst, R. (2010) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00970.x · Cited by 289

The Impact of Institutional and Human Resource Distance on International Entry Strategies

Estrin, S., Baghdasaryan, D., & Meyer, K. E. (2009) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00838.x · Cited by 285

The Gravity of Culture for Finance

Karolyi, G. A. (2015) · Journal of Corporate Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2016.07.003 · Cited by 276

Changing perspectives on the internationalization of R&D and innovation by multinational enterprises: A review of the literature

Papanastassiou, M., Pearce, R. D., & Zanfei, A. (2019) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-019-00258-0 · Cited by 273

Liability of foreignness in global competition? Financial service affiliates in the city of London

Nachum, L. (2003) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.347 · Cited by 276

National culture and life insurance consumption

Chui, A. C. W., & Kwok, C. C. Y. (2007) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400316 · Cited by 270

Invisible costs in offshoring services work

Stringfellow, A., Teagarden, M. B., & Nie, W. (2007) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2007.02.009 · Cited by 269

The Impact of Organizational and National Cultural Differences on Social Conflict and Knowledge Transfer in International Acquisitions

Vaara, E., Sarala, R. M., Stahl, G. K., & Björkman, I. (2010) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6486.2010.00975.x · Cited by 288

The impact of institutional distance on the international diversity–performance relationship

Chao, M. C., & Kumar, V. (2009) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2009.04.005 · Cited by 273

Cultural and language skills as resources for boundary spanning within the MNC

Barner-Rаsmussen, W., Ehrnrooth, M., Koveshnikov, A., & Mäkelä, K. (2014) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2014.7 · Cited by 270

Values, schemas, and norms in the culture–behavior nexus: A situated dynamics framework

Leung, K. Y., & Morris, M. W. (2014) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2014.66 · Cited by 264

Operationalizing Psychic Distance: A Revised Approach

Brewer, P. (2007) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jimk.15.1.044 · Cited by 261

Determinants of the share of equity sought in cross-border acquisitions

Chari, M. D. R., & Chang, K. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2008.103 · Cited by 254

A look at the bright side of multicultural team diversity

Stahl, G. K., Mäkelä, K., Zander, L., & Maznevski, M. L. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2010.09.009 · Cited by 253

Managerial decision-making in international business: A forty-five-year retrospective

Aharoni, Y., Tihanyi, L., & Connelly, B. L. (2010) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2010.05.001 · Cited by 260

Exploring the relationship between institutional factors and FDI attractiveness: A meta-analytic review

Bailey, N. J. (2017) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2017.05.012 · Cited by 274

Location and the multinational enterprise: John Dunning's thoughts on receiving the Journal of International Business Studies 2008 Decade Award

Dunning, J. H. (2009) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2008.75 · Cited by 255

Do country-level institutional frameworks and interfirm governance arrangements substitute or complement in international business relationships?

Abdi, M., & Aulakh, P. S. (2012) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2012.11 · Cited by 249

The Multinational Corporation as a Third Space: Rethinking International Management Discourse on Knowledge Transfer Through Homi Bhabha

Frenkel, M. (2008) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2008.34422002 · Cited by 245

Challenging the Conceptualization and Measurement of Distance and International Experience in Entry Mode Choice Research

Dow, D., & Larimo, J. A. (2009) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jimk.17.2.74 · Cited by 244

Choice Between Non-Equity Entry Modes: An Organizational Capability Perspective

Krishna Erramilli, M., Agarwal, S., & Dev, C. S. (2002) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8491014 · Cited by 243

Conceptualizing and measuring distance in international business research: Recurring questions and best practice guidelines

Beugelsdijk, S., Ambos, B., & Nell, P. C. (2018) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-018-0182-4 · Cited by 243

Cultural and generational influences on privacy concerns: a qualitative study in seven European countries

Miltgen, C. L., & Peyrat‐Guillard, D. (2013) · European Journal of Information Systems · doi:10.1057/ejis.2013.17 · Cited by 241

National cultural distance and initial foreign acquisition performance: The moderating effect of integration

Slangen, A. (2006) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2006.01.003 · Cited by 240

Are Hofstede's and Schwartz's value frameworks congruent?

Ng, S. I., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2007) · International Marketing Review · doi:10.1108/02651330710741802 · Cited by 239

Determining international strategic alliance performance: A multidimensional approach

Nielsen, B. B. (2007) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2007.02.004 · Cited by 239

Mitigating risk in international mergers and acquisitions: the role of contingent payouts

Reuer, J. J., Shenkar, O., & Ragozzino, R. (2003) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400053 · Cited by 235

The impact of institutional hazards on foreign multinational activity: A contingency perspective

Slangen, A., & Beugelsdijk, S. (2010) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2010.1 · Cited by 236

Distinguishing costs of cooperation and control in alliances

White, S., & Lui, S. S.-Y. (2005) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.490 · Cited by 236

When Do Global Leaders Learn Best to Develop Cultural Intelligence? An Investigation of the Moderating Role of Experiential Learning Style

Li, M., Mobley, W. H., & Kelly, A. (2012) · Academy of Management Learning and Education · doi:10.5465/amle.2011.0014 · Cited by 228

The moderating influences on the relationship of corporate reputation with its antecedents and consequences: A meta-analytic review

Ali, R., Lynch, R., Melewar, T. C., & Jin, Z. (2014) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2014.10.013 · Cited by 227

The crossvergence perspective: reflections and projections

Ralston, D. A. (2007) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400333 · Cited by 226

International strategy: From local to global and beyond

Hitt, M. A., Li, D., & Xu, K. (2015) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.016 · Cited by 247

State ownership, institutional effects and value creation in cross-border mergers & acquisitions by Chinese firms

Du, A. M., & Boateng, A. (2014) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.10.002 · Cited by 224

Exploring international work: types and dimensions of global careers

Baruch, Y., Dickmann, M. H., Altman, Y. H., & Bournois, F. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.781435 · Cited by 224

One more time: international business in a global economy

Shenkar, O. (2004) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400074 · Cited by 221

Beyond cultural distance: Switching to a friction lens in the study of cultural differences

Shenkar, O. (2012) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/jibs.2011.42 · Cited by 217

Meta-Conceptualizing Cultural Distance: A Review and Concept Map for Cultural Valuation

Potosky, D., & Point, S. (2016) · Academy of Management Proceedings · doi:10.5465/ambpp.2016.14632abstract

Difference Scores, Analysis Levels, and the (Mis)Interpretation of Cultural Distance

Franke, G. R., Hill, J. S., Ramsey, J. R., & Richey, R. G., Jr. (2011) · Advances in international marketing · doi:10.1108/s1474-7979(2011)0000022005 · Cited by 6

The making of a construct: Lessons from 30 years of the Kogut and Singh cultural distance index

Cuypers, I. R. P., Ertug, G., Heugens, P. P. M. A. R., Kogut, B., & Zou, T. (2018) · Journal of International Business Studies · doi:10.1057/s41267-018-0181-5 · Cited by 72

Is the Updated Cultural Distance Measurement Better?

Zhou, Z.-B., Kwon, J., Zhang, B., & Seo, M.-K. (2017) · Journal of Korea Research Association of International Commerce · doi:10.29331/jkraic.2017.06.17.3.107