Elimination of scattering effects in spectral measurement of granulated materials using terahertz pulsed spectroscopy
Abstract
Spectral distortions are commonly observed in terahertz spectra of granulated materials. These spurious structures in the spectroscopy are caused by scattering due to the refractive index mismatch between the particles and their surrounding medium. We find that the scattering contribution is random across sample positions and could be eliminated by summing and averaging multiple measurements over a sample area. We present experimental results of both absorbing and nonabsorbing particles in the size range 50–250μm and also give an empirical expres-sion to describe the effect of grain size on the scattering-induced extinction as a function of frequency.
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Such spectral artifacts and distortions, together with increasing baselines, were also observed by Shen et al. for sucrose particles >250 μm in a powder cell, and by Franz et al. for phenyllactic acid particles 400-600 μm diluted with PE and compressed into pellets.
“Such spectral artifacts and distortions, together with increasing baselines, were also observed by Shen et al. [7] for sucrose particles with sizes more than 250 min a powder cell, and by Franz et al. [8] for phenyllactic acid particles with sizes between 400-600 m, diluted with PE and compressed into pellets.”
From Influence of Particle Size on Optical Constants From Pellets Measured With Terahertz Pulsed Spectroscopy (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
These studies describe spectral artifacts and distortions as a result of scattering, induced by the refractive index discrepancy between a sample particle with a size similar to the incident wavelength and the surrounding polyethylene matrix, also known as the Christiansen effect.
“These studies describe spectral artifacts and distortions as a result of scattering, induced by the refractive index discrepancy between a sample particle with a size similar to the incident wavelength (100-2000 m in dry air) and the surrounding polyethylene matrix, also known as the Christiansen effect.”
From Influence of Particle Size on Optical Constants From Pellets Measured With Terahertz Pulsed Spectroscopy (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
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Terahertz scattering from granular material
Zurk, L. M., Orlowski, B., Winebrenner, D. P., Thorsos, E. I., Leahy-Hoppa, M. R., & Hayden, L. M. (2007) · Journal of the Optical Society of America B · doi:10.1364/josab.24.002238 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
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Metrology Issues and Solutions in THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy: Noise, Errors, Calibration
Naftaly, M. (2013) · IEEE Sensors Journal · doi:10.1109/jsen.2012.2208624 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Markl, D., Sauerwein, J., Goodwin, D. J., van den Ban, S., & Zeitler, J. A. (2017) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-017-2108-4 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Parrott, E. P., Zeitler, J. A., & Gladden, L. F. (2009) · Optics Letters · doi:10.1364/ol.34.003722 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Khani, M. E., Winebrenner, D. P., & Arbab, M. H. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology · doi:10.1109/tthz.2020.2997595 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Measuring Open Porosity of Porous Materials Using THz-TDS and an Index-Matching Medium
Naftaly, M., Tikhomirov, I., Hou, P., & Markl, D. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20113120 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Osman, O. B., & Arbab, M. H. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216952 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Diffuse terahertz spectroscopy in turbid media using a wavelet-based bimodality spectral analysis
Khani, M. E., Osman, O. B., & Arbab, M. H. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-02068-7 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Scattering Effects in Terahertz Wave Spectroscopy of Granulated Solids
Kornienko, V. V., Akhmedzhanov, R. A., Ilyakov, I. E., Mishin, A. D., Prudkovskii, P. A., Samotokhin, O. V., Shishkin, B. V., & Kitaeva, G. K. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology · doi:10.1109/tthz.2015.2440104 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Shen, Y. C., Taday, P. F., & Pepper, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- TeraView (United Kingdom) (GB)
- Venue
- Applied Physics Letters
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2008-02-04
- Volume
- 92
- Issue
- 5
- ISSN
- 0003-6951 (ISSN-L)
- 1077-3118
- OpenAlex
- W2071510354
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 7.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Physics Letters (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Keywords
- scattering effects, refractive index mismatch, spectral distortion, grain size effects, extinction, absorbing particles
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