Terahertz scattering from granular material
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) imaging is emerging as a potentially powerful method of detecting explosive devices, even in the presence of occluding materials. However, the characteristic spectral signatures of pure explosive materials may be altered or obscured by electromagnetic scattering caused by their granular nature. This paper presents THz transmission measurements of granular systems representative of explosives and presents results from dense media theory that accurately explain the observed scattering response.
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For compacted granular samples, anomalous spectral features have been observed in polyethylene, ammonium nitrate powder, flour, salt, Prussian Blue dye, Dinitrotoluene, and common sugars.
“For compacted granular samples, these features have been observed in polyethylene [7], ammonium nitrate powder, flour, and salt [8], Prussian Blue dye [9], Dinitrotoluene [11], and common sugars [11], [13].”
From Unveiling the Origin of Spurious Features in THz-TDS of Powder Compacts (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
Anomalous spectral features have been observed in THz-TDS measurements of granular samples and samples with rough surfaces.
“The presence of anomalous spectral features has been observed when performing THz-TDS on granular samples [7], [8], [9], [10], [11] and samples with rough surfaces [12], [13], [14], [15].”
From Unveiling the Origin of Spurious Features in THz-TDS of Powder Compacts (2025) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Zurk, L. M., Orlowski, B., Winebrenner, D. P., Thorsos, E. I., Leahy-Hoppa, M. R., & Hayden, L. M.
- Affiliations
- Portland State University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Maryland, Baltimore County (US)
- ORCID
- Winebrenner, Dale P.
- Venue
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B
- Publisher
- Optica Publishing Group
- Published
- 2007-08-17
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2238
- ISSN
- 0740-3224 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-8540
- OpenAlex
- W2019444773
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B (publishedVersion)
- PDXScholar (Portland State University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Random lasers and scattering media
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Keywords
- terahertz scattering, granular materials, explosives detection, terahertz imaging, electromagnetic scattering, spectral signatures
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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