Thermal diffusivity determination using heterodyne phase insensitive transient grating spectroscopy
Open accessAbstract
The elastic and thermal transport properties of opaque materials may be measured using transient grating spectroscopy (TGS) by inducing and monitoring periodic excitations in both reflectivity and surface displacement. The “phase grating” response encodes both properties of interest, but complicates quantitative analysis by convolving temperature dynamics with surface displacement dynamics. Thus, thermal transport characteristics are typically determined using the “amplitude grating” response to isolate the surface temperature dynamics. However, this signal character requires absolute heterodyne phase calibration and contains no elastic property information. Here, a method is developed by which phase grating TGS measurements may be consistently analyzed to determine thermal diffusivity with no prior knowledge of the expected properties. To demonstrate this ability, the wavelength-dependent 1D effective thermal diffusivity of pure germanium is measured using this type of response and found to be consistent with theoretical predictions made by solving the Boltzmann transport equation. This ability to determine the elastic and thermal properties from a single set of TGS measurements will be particularly advantageous for new in situ implementations of the technique being used to study dynamic materials systems.
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Previous TGS studies on copper have utilized SAW speed measurements and theory grounded in the Christoffel equation to deduce stiffness constants in monocrystal samples subjected to irradiation.
“Previous TGS studies on copper have utilized SAW speed measurements and theory grounded in the Christoffel equation to deduce stiffness constants in monocrystal samples subjected to irradiation [15, 31].”
From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
The Introduction (page unavailable) describes TGS as a tool for studying irradiation effects, and the References list a TGS study of self-ion-irradiated copper. But this paper’s Methods study single-crystal germanium; our copy does not say that copper studies used SAW speeds and the Christoffel equation to deduce stiffness constants. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA two-step fitting approach improved both thermal and functional fitting sensitivity compared to existing techniques, especially in cases with noisy or rapid signal decay.
“This approach improved both thermal and functional fitting sensitivity compared to existing techniques [16, 31], especially in cases with noisy or rapid signal decay.”
From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [31]
In Results and Discussion (page unavailable), fitting with an added decaying sinusoidal term reduced variation in the fitted thermal diffusivity from 9.3% to 3.5% compared with the simpler fit. Parameter Estimation also describes preliminary fitting to improve starting values. These passages support an improvement in thermal-diffusivity fitting, but do not establish improved functional fitting sensitivity or a particular advantage for noisy or rapidly decaying signals. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredLocalized ion beam heating effects can be consequential, and the temperature rise in the beam spot is not fully captured by nearby temperature probes.
“Localized ion beam heating effects, on the other hand, can be consequential; as is shown in a recent publication [32], the temperature rise in the beam spot is not fully captured by nearby temperature probes and requires alternative means of quantification.”
From A facility for thermo-mechanical characterization of fusion magnet materials during cryogenic ion irradiation (2025) · cites this paper as [32]
The Introduction discusses laser-induced heating in transient grating spectroscopy and mentions ion irradiation as an application, but it does not address heating by an ion beam. Searches for beam-spot temperature rise and nearby temperature probes found no passage assessing whether probes capture that rise or whether another means of quantification is required (page numbers unavailable in our copy). (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Dennett, C. A., & Short, M. P.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physics
- Publisher
- AIP Publishing
- Published
- 2018-06-07
- Volume
- 123
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 215109
- ISSN
- 0021-8979 (ISSN-L)
- 1089-7550
- OpenAlex
- W2806418718
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 1.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physics (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC-HQ-84-15-G-0045)
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-NA0002135)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal properties of materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanics of Materials › Thermoelastic and Magnetoelastic Phenomena
- Keywords
- thermal diffusivity, transient grating spectroscopy, germanium, Boltzmann equation, elastic properties, opaque materials, in situ measurement
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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