Cited by 199Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stressGlutathione Transferases and PolymorphismsRedox biology and oxidative stress

A genomic screen for activators of the antioxidant response element

Open access
Liu, Yanxia, Kern, Jonathan T., Walker, John R., Johnson, Jeffrey A., Schultz, Peter G., Luesch, Hendrik·2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

Abstract

The antioxidant response element (ARE) is a cis-acting regulatory enhancer element found in the 5′ flanking region of many phase II detoxification enzymes. Up-regulation of ARE-dependent target genes is known to have neuroprotective effects; yet, the mechanism of activation is largely unknown. By screening an arrayed collection of ≈15,000 full-length expression cDNAs in the human neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32 with an ARE-luciferase reporter, we have identified several cDNAs not previously associated with ARE activation. A subset of cDNAs, encoding sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) and dipeptidylpeptidase 3 (DPP3), activated the ARE in primary mouse-derived cortical neurons. Overexpression of SQSTM1 and DPP3 in IMR-32 cells stimulated NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation and led to increased levels of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, a protein which is transcriptionally regulated by the ARE. When transfected into IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells that were depleted of transcription factor NRF2 by RNA interference, SQSTM1 and DPP3 were unable to activate the ARE or induce NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 expression, indicating that the ARE activation upon ectopic expression of these cDNAs is mediated by NRF2. Studies with pharmacological inhibitors indicated that 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase C signaling are essential for activity. Overexpression of these cDNAs conferred partial resistance to hydrogen peroxide or rotenone-induced toxicity, consistent with the induction of antioxidant and phase II detoxification enzymes, which can protect from oxidative stress. This work and other such studies may provide mechanisms for activating the ARE in the absence of general oxidative stress and a yet-unexploited therapeutic approach to degenerative diseases and aging.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.0700898104

Cites

53 of 53 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • One SNP (rs242561) located in the regulatory region of the microtubule-associated protein Tau gene induced a strong binding of the NRF2/sMAF complex, leading to increased transcription and a reduced risk of parkinsonian diseases.

    “One of these SNPs (rs242561) was located in the regulatory region of the microtubule-associated protein Tau gene, which induced a strong binding of the NRF2/sMAF complex, leading to increased transcription and a reduced risk of parkinsonian diseases61,62.”

    From Key points for the development of antioxidant cocktails to prevent cellular stress and damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) during manned space missions (2021) · cites this paper as [62]

    The Results and Discussion describe SQSTM1- and DPP3-driven NRF2 activation and increased expression of an antioxidant-response gene, not an effect of a Tau variant. Searches for rs242561, NRF2/sMAF binding at the Tau regulatory region, and reduced parkinsonian-disease risk found no passage addressing those claims. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [6]McMahon M, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Chanas SA, Henderson CJ, McLellan LI, Wolf CR, Cavin C, Hayes JD. Cancer Res. 2001;61:3299–3307. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Liu, Y., Kern, J. T., Walker, J. R., Johnson, J. A., Schultz, P. G., & Luesch, H.
Affiliations
  • University of Florida (US)
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (US)
  • Scripps Research Institute (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Published
2007-03-20
Volume
104
Issue
12
Pages
5205-5210
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
OpenAlex
W2147984935
Cited by
196
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
FWCI
4.91
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Ellison Medical Foundation
  • American Heart Association
  • McKnight Foundation
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ES10042, R01ES010042, ES08089, R01ES008089, R29ES008089)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Glutathione Transferases and Polymorphisms
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Redox biology and oxidative stress
Keywords
antioxidant response element, Nrf2, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, p62, phase II enzymes, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, PI3K signaling, protein kinase C signaling, neuroblastoma cells, cortical neurons, neurodegenerative diseases
MeSH terms
Sequestosome-1 Protein, Animals, Antioxidants, Cell Nucleus, Cells, Cultured, Cerebral Cortex, Enzyme Induction, Heat-Shock Proteins, NADPH Dehydrogenase, Trans-Activators, Gene Library, Gene Expression, NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone), Genome, DNA, Complementary, Oxidative Stress, Response Elements, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Protein Transport, Genomics, RNA, Small Interfering, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, NF-E2-Related Factor 2, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review