Reduction of cholesterol synthesis in the mouse brain does not affect amyloid formation in Alzheimer's disease, but does extend lifespan
Open accessAbstract
Alterations in cellular cholesterol synthesis or content in cultured neurons affect the cleavage of amyloid precursor protein to amyloidogenic Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) peptides characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. To determine whether a decrease in cholesterol synthesis affects amyloid precursor protein processing in vivo, we crossed cholesterol 24-hydroxylase knockout mice, which exhibit a 50% reduction in brain sterol synthesis, with transgenic mice [B6.Cg-Tg(APPswe, PSEN1E9)85Dbo/J] that develop Alzheimer's disease-like pathology. Amyloid precursor protein expression and amyloid plaque deposition in the cortex and hippocampus of male and female Alzheimer's disease mice between the ages of 3 to 15 months were similar in the presence and absence of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase. A modest but statistically significant decline in insoluble Abeta(42) peptide levels was detected in the hippocampus of 12-month-old knockout/Alzheimer's disease males. The levels of insoluble Abeta(40) and Abeta(42) peptides in 15-month-old knockout/Alzheimer's disease females were also reduced slightly. Although amyloid plaque accumulation did not affect brain sterol or fatty acid synthesis rates in 24-hydroxylase WT or knockout mice, loss of one or both cholesterol 24-hydroxylase alleles increased longevity in Alzheimer's disease mice. These studies suggest that reducing de novo cholesterol synthesis in the brain will not substantially alter the course of Alzheimer's disease, but may confer a survival advantage.
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The finding of a more than 2-fold increase in plaque load and insoluble Aβ accumulation in female APP/PS1 mice is consistent with a recent study that used APP/PS1 mice on a different genetic background.
“Our finding is consistent with a recent study that used APP/PS1 mice on a different genetic background (Halford and Russell, 2009).”
From Overexpression of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor in the Brain Markedly Inhibits Amyloid Deposition and Increases Extracellular Aβ Clearance (2009) · cites this paper as Halford and Russell, 2009
The technique employed for measuring in vivo cholesterol synthesis in whole brain or specific CNS regions has been utilized in several laboratories in an array of genetically altered mouse models.
“The technique employed for these measurements has been utilized in several laboratories for measuring, in vivo, the rate of cholesterol synthesis in either the whole brain, or specific regions of the CNS, in an array of genetically altered mouse models (Xie et al., 2003; Halford and Russell, 2009; Bryleva et al., 2010; Liu et al., 2010; Aqul et al., 2011; Suzuki et al., 2013).”
From Suppression of brain cholesterol synthesis in male Mecp2-deficient mice is age dependent and not accompanied by a concurrent change in the rate of fatty acid synthesis (2017) · cites this paper as Halford and Russell, 2009
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A review of the putative antiseizure and antiepileptogenic mechanisms of action for soticlestat
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Correlation Analysis between External Factors and Students’ Physics Learning Achievement
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Cholesterol ester hydrolase inhibitors reduce the production of synaptotoxic amyloid-β oligomers
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Cholesterol and Fat Metabolism in Alzheimer’s Disease
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- Authors
- Halford, R. W., & Russell, D. W.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- ORCID
- Russell, David W.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2009-03-03
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3502-3506
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2651246
- OpenAlex
- W2061535110
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Welch Foundation (I-0971)
- National Institutes of Health (HL20948, DK81182)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-20948, P01HL020948)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 81182, PL1DK081182)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- cholesterol biosynthesis, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase, Alzheimer's disease, APP processing, amyloid-beta, amyloid plaques, lifespan extension, hippocampus, sex differences
- MeSH terms
- Cholesterol 24-Hydroxylase, Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Animals, Cholesterol, Female, Longevity, Male, Peptide Fragments, Steroid Hydroxylases, Mice, Knockout, Mice
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