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Longitudinally mapping the influence of sex and androgen signaling on the dynamics of human cortical maturation in adolescence
Open accessAbstract
Humans have systematic sex differences in brain-related behavior, cognition, and pattern of mental illness risk. Many of these differences emerge during adolescence, a developmental period of intense neurostructural and endocrine change. Here, by creating "movies" of sexually dimorphic brain development using longitudinal in vivo structural neuroimaging, we show regionally specific sex differences in development of the cerebral cortex during adolescence. Within cortical subsystems known to underpin domains of cognitive behavioral sex difference, structural change is faster in the sex that tends to perform less well within the domain in question. By stratifying participants through molecular analysis of the androgen receptor gene, we show that possession of an allele conferring more efficient functioning of this sex steroid receptor is associated with "masculinization" of adolescent cortical maturation. Our findings extend models first established in rodents, and suggest that in humans too, sex and sex steroids shape brain development in a spatiotemporally specific manner, within neural systems known to underpin sexually dimorphic behaviors.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Raznahan, A., Lee, Y., Stidd, R., Long, R., Greenstein, D., Clasen, L., Addington, A., Gogtay, N., Rapoport, J. L., & Giedd, J. N.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2010-09-14
- Volume
- 107
- Issue
- 39
- Pages
- 16988-16993
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC2947865
- OpenAlex
- W2097394514
- Cited by
- 278
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 8.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- sex differences, androgen signaling, androgen receptor gene, cortical maturation, adolescence, cortical development, sex steroids, masculinization, sex differences in cognition, neuroendocrine development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Androgens, Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Humans, Male, Receptors, Androgen, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, Genetic Variation, Signal Transduction, Adolescent Development
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