Imaging brain development: The adolescent brain
Abstract
The past 15 years have seen a rapid expansion in the number of studies using neuroimaging techniques to investigate maturational changes in the human brain. In this paper, I review MRI studies on structural changes in the developing brain, and fMRI studies on functional changes in the social brain during adolescence. Both MRI and fMRI studies point to adolescence as a period of continued neural development. In the final section, I discuss a number of areas of research that are just beginning and may be the subject of developmental neuroimaging in the next twenty years. Future studies might focus on complex questions including the development of functional connectivity; how gender and puberty influence adolescent brain development; the effects of genes, environment and culture on the adolescent brain; development of the atypical adolescent brain; and implications for policy of the study of the adolescent brain.
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When emotions play a role in a situation, this can significantly influence the decision-making process and outcome.
“When emotions play a role in a situation, this can significantly influence the decision-making process and outcome [44, 54].”
From Medical decision-making in children and adolescents: developmental and neuroscientific aspects (2017) · cites this paper as [54]
Brain undergoes vast reshaping during adolescence including pruning, myelination, volumetric changes, and changes in functional connectivity.
“In addition to the well-known hormonal fluctuations that occur during adolescence, the brain undergoes vast re-shaping, including pruning, myelination, volumetric changes in various regions and changes in functional connectivity (Blakemore, 2012;Blakemore and Choudhury, 2006;Casey et al., 2008;Spear, 2000) (Fig. 3).”
From The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (2019) · cites this paper as Blakemore, 2012
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Development of relational reasoning during adolescence
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Flagged first, then by citations
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“When emotions play a role in a situation, this can significantly influence the decision-making process and outcome [44, 54].”
BackgroundBrain development and aging: Overlapping and unique patterns of change
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“Adolescence is associated with increases in structural and functional connectivity between many reward-related cortical and sub-cortical regions (Blakemore, 2012; Casey et al., 2005; Dosenbach et al., 2010), and significant development of frontal regions involved in executive functioning and…”
BackgroundLiu, H., Tang, J., Zhao, Z., Zhou, Y., Ding, H., Liu, N., Ji, Y., Wang, P., Wu, X., Liu, F., et al. (2026) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101820
- Authors
- Blakemore, S.-J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 397-406
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2118160932
- Semantic Scholar
- b2c85d80ea880ca69b65d375caf0b15f3ce2ece0
- Cited by
- 649
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 58 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Leverhume Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- adolescent brain development, functional brain development, social brain, functional connectivity, puberty, gender differences, gene-environment interaction, atypical brain development, developmental neuroimaging
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Brain, Humans, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neural Pathways, Puberty, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Adolescent Development, Theory of Mind, Neuroimaging
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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