Differential electrophysiological response during rest, self-referential, and non-self-referential tasks in human posteromedial cortex
Open accessAbstract
The electrophysiological basis for higher brain activity during rest and internally directed cognition within the human default mode network (DMN) remains largely unknown. Here we use intracranial recordings in the human posteromedial cortex (PMC), a core node within the DMN, during conditions of cued rest, autobiographical judgments, and arithmetic processing. We found a heterogeneous profile of PMC responses in functional, spatial, and temporal domains. Although the majority of PMC sites showed increased broad gamma band activity (30–180 Hz) during rest, some PMC sites, proximal to the retrosplenial cortex, responded selectively to autobiographical stimuli. However, no site responded to both conditions, even though they were located within the boundaries of the DMN identified with resting-state functional imaging and similarly deactivated during arithmetic processing. These findings, which provide electrophysiological evidence for heterogeneity within the core of the DMN, will have important implications for neuroimaging studies of the DMN.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Transient neural suppression in the high gamma band has been detected in the mPFC and PCC during spatial attention and word reading tasks and in the PCC and RSC during mental arithmetic.
“Transient neural suppression in the high gamma band has also been detected in the mPFC and PCC during spatial attention and word reading tasks 29 and in the PCC and RSC during mental arithmetic. 30”
From 20 years of the default mode network: A review and synthesis. (2023) · cites this paper as [30]
The Results report significantly decreased gamma activity during math at posteromedial cortex sites, including two close to or within the retrosplenial cortex; the Discussion describes deactivation during arithmetic processing. The paper analyzes broad gamma power (30–180 Hz), however, and these passages do not establish that the suppression was specifically transient or confined to the high-gamma band. Citation 30 is attached to the mental-arithmetic clause, not the preceding spatial-attention and word-reading clause. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Jenkinson, M., Bannister, P., Brady, M., & Smith, S. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2002.1132 · Cited by 11,888 · see citing works
<i>The Brain's Default Network</i>: <i>Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease</i>
Buckner, R. L., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., & Schacter, D. L. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1440.011 · Cited by 9,761 · see citing works
Yushkevich, P. A., Piven, J., Hazlett, H. C., Smith, R. G., Ho, S., Gee, J. C., & Gerig, G. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015 · Cited by 8,868 · see citing works
Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control
Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., Reiss, A. L., & Greicius, M. D. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5587-06.2007 · Cited by 7,426 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., & Oeltermann, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084005 · Cited by 6,542 · see citing works
Mapping the structural core of human cerebral cortex
Hagmann, P., Cammoun, L., Gigandet, X., Meuli, R., Honey, C. J., Wedeen, V. J., & Sporns, O. (2008) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060159 · Cited by 4,173 · see citing works
Functional-anatomic fractionation of the brain’s default network
Andrews-Hanna, J. R., Reidler, J. S., Sepulcre, J., Poulin, R., & Buckner, R. L. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.02.005 · Cited by 2,767 · see citing works
Remembering the past to imagine the future: the prospective brain
Schacter, D. L., Addis, D. R., & Buckner, R. L. (2007) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2213 · Cited by 2,394 · see citing works
Cortical midline structures and the self
Northoff, G., & Bermpohl, F. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.004 · Cited by 1,446 · see citing works
Fransson, P., & Marrelec, G. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.059 · Cited by 1,213 · cited 1× · see citing works
“The fMRI literature suggests that the DMN exists in a dynamic equilibrium with one or more additional networks linked to functions such as salience detection and executive control (3, 18, 32, 33).”
BackgroundPrecuneus shares intrinsic functional architecture in humans and monkeys
Margulies, D. S., Vincent, J. L., Kelly, C., Lohmann, G., Uddin, L. Q., Biswal, B. B., Villringer, A., Castellanos, F. X., Milham, M. P., & Petrides, M. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0905314106 · Cited by 965 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Together, these findings are in line with the anatomical heterogeneity described in the nonhuman (28) and human (29) PMC, and they support the idea that the DMN might be functionally heterogeneous (13, 29, 30).”
ResultDirect electrophysiological measurement of human default network areas
Miller, K. J., Weaver, K. E., & Ojemann, J. G. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0902071106 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 24
- [1]Shulman GL, et al. Common blood flow changes across visual tasks: II. Decreases in cerebral cortex. J Cogn Neurosci. 1997;9:648–663. doi: 10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [2]Raichle ME, et al. A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:676–682. doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.2.676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [3]Fox MD, et al. The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:9673–9678. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0504136102. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [5]Greicius MD, Srivastava G, Reiss AL, Menon V. Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: evidence from functional MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2004;101:4637–4642. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0308627101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [6]Svoboda E, McKinnon MC, Levine B. The functional neuroanatomy of autobiographical memory: a meta-analysis. Neuropsychologia. 2006;44:2189–2208. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.05.023. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [8]Spreng RN, Mar RA, Kim AS. The common neural basis of autobiographical memory, prospection, navigation, theory of mind, and the default mode: A quantitative meta-analysis. J Cogn Neurosci. 2009;21:489–510. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.21029. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [9]Summerfield JJ, Hassabis D, Maguire EA. Cortical midline involvement in autobiographical memory. Neuroimage. 2009;44:1188–1200. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.09.033. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [11]Johnson SC, et al. Neural correlates of self-reflection. Brain. 2002;125:1808–1814. doi: 10.1093/brain/awf181. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [12]Andreasen NC, et al. Remembering the past: Two facets of episodic memory explored with positron emission tomography. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152:1576–1585. doi: 10.1176/ajp.152.11.1576. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [14]Van Essen DC, Dierker DL. Surface-based and probabilistic atlases of primate cerebral cortex. Neuron. 2007;56:209–225. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.015. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [15]Jerbi K, et al. Exploring the electrophysiological correlates of the default-mode network with intracerebral EEG. Front Syst Neurosci. 2010;4:27. doi: 10.3389/fnsys.2010.00027. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [17]Gusnard DA, Raichle ME, Raichle ME. Searching for a baseline: functional imaging and the resting human brain. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2001;2:685–694. doi: 10.1038/35094500. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [19]Kennedy DP, Courchesne E. Functional abnormalities of the default network during self- and other-reflection in autism. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2008;3:177–190. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsn011. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [20]Buzsaki G. Rhythms of the Brain. London: Oxford University Press; 2006. [Google Scholar]
- [21]Jensen O, Kaiser J, Lachaux JP. Human gamma-frequency oscillations associated with attention and memory. Trends Neurosci. 2007;30:317–324. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2007.05.001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [22]Lachaux JP, et al. The many faces of the gamma band response to complex visual stimuli. Neuroimage. 2005;25:491–501. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.11.052. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [23]Crone NE, Miglioretti DL, Gordon B, Lesser RP. Functional mapping of human sensorimotor cortex with electrocorticographic spectral analysis. II. Event-related synchronization in the gamma band. Brain. 1998;121:2301–2315. doi: 10.1093/brain/121.12.2301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [24]Ray S, Crone NE, Niebur E, Franaszczuk PJ, Hsiao SS. Neural correlates of high-gamma oscillations (60-200 Hz) in macaque local field potentials and their potential implications in electrocorticography. J Neurosci. 2008;28:11526–11536. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2848-08.2008. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [25]Manning JR, Jacobs J, Fried I, Kahana MJ. Broadband shifts in local field potential power spectra are correlated with single-neuron spiking in humans. J Neurosci. 2009;29:13613–13620. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2041-09.2009. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
- [26]Hayden BY, Smith DV, Platt ML. Electrophysiological correlates of default-mode processing in macaque posterior cingulate cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:5948–5953. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812035106. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [28]Parvizi J, Van Hoesen GW, Buckwalter J, Damasio A. Neural connections of the posteromedial cortex in the macaque. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103:1563–1568. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507729103. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [30]Cauda F, et al. Functional connectivity of the posteromedial cortex. PLoS. 2010;5:e13107. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013107. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [31]Immordino-Yang MH, McColl A, Damasio H, Damasio A. Neural correlates of admiration and compassion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:8021–8026. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0810363106. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI
- [32]Greicius MD, Krasnow B, Reiss AL, Menon V. Functional connectivity in the resting brain: A network analysis of the default mode hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:253–258. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0135058100. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Large-scale brain networks and psychopathology: a unifying triple network model
Menon, V. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2011.08.003 · Cited by 4,168 · see citing works
Self-citationThe role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease
Leech, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2014) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awt162 · Cited by 2,247 · see citing works
Spreng, R. N., Mar, R. A., & Kim, A. S. N. (2009) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2008.21029 · Cited by 2,143 · see citing works
The brain’s default network: updated anatomy, physiology and evolving insights
Buckner, R. L., & DiNicola, L. M. (2019) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0212-7 · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works
20 years of the default mode network: A review and synthesis.
Menon, V. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.023 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
“30 These studies provided replicable electrophysiological evidence for suppression of neural activity within the DMN core during a wide range of cognitive tasks.”
BackgroundSelf-citationThe role of PFC networks in cognitive control and executive function
Menon, V., & D’Esposito, M. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01152-w · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Self-citationEchoes of the brain within the posterior cingulate cortex
Leech, R., Braga, R., & Sharp, D. J. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3689-11.2012 · Cited by 595 · see citing works
What about the “Self” is Processed in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex?
Brewer, J. A., Garrison, K. A., & Whitfield-Gabrieli, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00647 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Philippi, C. L., Feinstein, J. S., Khalsa, S. S., Damasio, A., Tranel, D., Landini, G., Williford, K., & Rudrauf, D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038413 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Basal forebrain contributes to default mode network regulation
Nair, J., Klaassen, A.-L., Arato, J., Vyssotski, A. L., Harvey, M., & Rainer, G. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1712431115 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Starck, T., Nikkinen, J., Rahko, J., Remes, J., Hurtig, T., Haapsamo, H., Jussila, K., Kuusikko-Gauffin, S., Mattila, M.-L., Jansson-Verkasalo, E., et al. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00802 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Large-Scale Functional Brain Organization
Menon, V. (2015) · Brain Mapping · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-397025-1.00024-5 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationVidal-Piñeiro, D., Martín-Trias, P., Falcón, C., Bargalló, N., Clemente, I. C., Valls-Solé, J., Junqué, C., Pascual-Leone, A., & Bartrés-Faz, D. (2015) · Brain Stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2015.04.005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Early cortical signals in visual stimulus detection
Kwon, H., Kronemer, S. I., Christison-Lagay, K. L., Khalaf, A., Li, J., Ding, J. Z., Freedman, N. C., & Blumenfeld, H. (2021) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118608 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dastjerdi, M., Foster, B. L., Nasrullah, S., Rauschecker, A. M., Dougherty, R. F., Townsend, J. D., Chang, C., Greicius, M. D., Menon, V., Kennedy, D. P., & Parvizi, J.
- Affiliations
- Laboratory of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology,
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- Psychology,
- Electrical Engineering, and
- Departments of bNeurology and Neurological Sciences,
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2011-01-31
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3023-3028
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3041085
- OpenAlex
- W2150572787
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 6.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Keywords
- default mode network, posteromedial cortex, retrosplenial cortex, resting-state brain activity, autobiographical memory, self-referential processing, arithmetic processing, gamma oscillations, intracranial recordings, network heterogeneity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cerebral Cortex, Cognition, Electrophysiology, Female, Humans, Male, Mathematics, Models, Neurological, Psychomotor Performance, Mental Recall, Rest, Self Concept
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
