What about the “Self” is Processed in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex?
Open accessAbstract
In the past decade, neuroimaging research has begun to identify key brain regions involved in self-referential processing, most consistently midline structures such as the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The majority of studies have employed cognitive tasks such as judgment about trait adjectives or mind wandering, that have been associated with increased PCC activity. Conversely, tasks that share an element of present-centered attention (being "on task"), ranging from working memory to meditation, have been associated with decreased PCC activity. Given the complexity of cognitive processes that likely contribute to these tasks, the specific contribution of the PCC to self-related processes still remains unknown. Building on this prior literature, recent studies have employed sampling methods that more precisely link subjective experience to brain activity, such as real-time fMRI neurofeedback. This recent work suggests that PCC activity may represent a sub-component cognitive process of self-reference - "getting caught up in" one's experience. For example, getting caught up in a drug craving or a particular viewpoint. In this paper, we will review evidence across a number of different domains of cognitive neuroscience that converges in activation and deactivation of the PCC including recent neurophenomenological studies of PCC activity using real-time fMRI neurofeedback.
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Worry activates brain networks associated with self-referential processing, such as the default-mode network.
“Worry has been shown to activate brain networks associated with self-referential processing, such as the default-mode network, suggesting that the more one is caught up in perseveration about uncertain events, the more this network is activated [32,33];”
From Clinical Efficacy and Psychological Mechanisms of an App-Based Digital Therapeutic for Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
The Introduction and the section on self-related processing link the posterior cingulate cortex, a default-mode-network region, to mind wandering and future-oriented thought. They do not establish that worry specifically activates the default-mode network, or that more perseveration about uncertain events produces more activation. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe DN is anchored by activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC).
“The DN is anchored by activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC; narrative and autobiographical self) and the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC; experiential self-reflection; e.g., Buckner et al., 2008; Qin and Northoff, 2011; Brewer et al., 2013).”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Brewer et al., 2013
The Introduction identifies the PCC as functionally coupled with regions of the default mode network, and the self-related processing section reports convergent PCC and mPFC activity during rest and self-related tasks. The paper does not explicitly identify both regions as anchors of the default network, so it supports the PCC connection and the joint activity but not the claim’s full characterization. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSelf-referentiality is commonly associated with neural activation in the DN.
“In particular, self-referentiality is commonly associated with neural activation in the DN, regarded as a network associated with autobiographical, self-monitoring and social cognitive functions.”
From Distinct functional connectivities predict clinical response with emotion regulation therapy (2017) · cites this paper as Brewer et al., 2013
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- Authors
- Brewer, J. A., Garrison, K. A., & Whitfield-Gabrieli, S.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brewer, Judson A.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Frontiers Media SA
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 7
- Pages
- 647-647
- ISSN
- 1662-5161 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3788347
- OpenAlex
- W1993134051
- Cited by
- 263
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Frontiers Research Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Keywords
- posterior cingulate cortex, self-referential processing, self, real-time fMRI neurofeedback, neurophenomenology, mind wandering, trait judgments, working memory, meditation, drug craving
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