Cited by 231Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsParkinson's Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsNuclear Receptors and Signaling

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 33 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Microglial glucocorticoid receptors play a pivotal role in regulating dopaminergic neurodegeneration in parkinsonism

Open access

Ros-Bernal, Francisco, Hunot, Stéphane, Herrero, Maria Trinidad, Parnadeau, Sebastien, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Lu, Lixia, Alvarez-Fischer, Daniel, Carrillo-de Sauvage, María Angeles, Saurini, Françoise, Coussieu, Christiane, Kinugawa, Kiyoka, Prigent, Annick, Höglinger, Günter, Hamon, Michel, Tronche, François, Hirsch, Etienne C., Vyas, Sheela·2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

DOI 10.1073/pnas.1017820108PMC PMC3080980

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Among the pathogenic processes contributing to dopaminergic neuron (DN) death in Parkinson disease (PD), evidence points to non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, particularly chronic inflammation mounted by activated microglia. Yet little is known about endogenous regulatory processes that determine microglial actions in pathological states. We examined the role of glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), activated by glucocorticoids released in response to stress and known to regulate inflammation, in DN survival. Overall GR level was decreased in substantia nigra of PD patients and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-intoxicated mice. GR changes, specifically in the microglia after MPTP treatment, revealed a rapid augmentation in the number of microglia displaying nuclear localization of GR. Mice with selective inactivation of the GR gene in macrophages/microglia (GR(LysMCre)) but not in DNs (GR(DATCre)) showed increased loss of DNs after MPTP intoxication. This DN loss in GR(LysMCre) mice was not prevented by corticosterone treatment, in contrast to the protection observed in control littermates. Moreover, absence of microglial GRs augmented microglial reactivity and led to their persistent activation. Analysis of inflammatory genes revealed an up-regulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) by MPTP treatment, particularly TLR9, the level of which was high in postmortem parkinsonian brains. The regulatory control of GR was reflected by higher expression of proinflammatory genes (e.g., TNF-α) with a concomitant decrease in anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., IL-1R2) in GR(LysMCre) mice. Indeed, in GR(LysMCre) mice, alterations in phosphorylated NF-κB levels indicated its protracted activation. Together, our data indicate that GR is important in curtailing microglial reactivity, and its deregulation in PD could lead to sustained inflammation-mediated DN injury.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.1017820108

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Parkinson's Disease
Dauer, W., & Przedborski, S. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00568-3 · Cited by 5,469
Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease
de Kloet, E. R., Vreugdenhil, E., Oitzl, M. S., & Joëls, M. (1998) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv.19.3.0331 · Cited by 2,614
Conditional gene targeting in macrophages and granulocytes using LysMcre mice
Clausen, B. E., Burkhardt, C., Reith, W., Renkawitz, R., & Förster, I. (1999) · Transgenic Research · doi:10.1023/a:1008942828960 · Cited by 2,098
Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease: A target for neuroprotection?
Hirsch, E. C., & Hunot, S. (2009) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(09)70062-6 · Cited by 1,984
Self-citation
Control of microglial neurotoxicity by the fractalkine receptor
Cardona, A. E., Pioro, E. P., Sasse, M. E., Kostenko, V., Cardona, S. M., Dijkstra, I. M., Huang, D., Kidd, G., Dombrowski, S., Dutta, R., et al. (2006) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1715 · Cited by 1,531
Shaping the nuclear action of NF-κB
Chen, L., & Greene, W. C. (2004) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1368 · Cited by 1,248
Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease
Liberatore, G. T., Jackson-Lewis, V., Vukosavic, S., Mandir, A. S., Vila, M., McAuliffe, W. G., Dawson, V. L., Dawson, T. M., & Przedborski, S. (1999) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/70978 · Cited by 1,046 · cited 2×
“However, by day 7, this activation had declined (in mutants and controls), an observation in accordance with past studies (22).”
BackgroundResult
A Nurr1/CoREST Pathway in Microglia and Astrocytes Protects Dopaminergic Neurons from Inflammation-Induced Death
Saijo, K., Winner, B., Carson, C. T., Collier, J. G., Boyer, L., Rosenfeld, M. G., Gage, F. H., & Glass, C. K. (2009) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2009.01.038 · Cited by 957
Microglial activation and dopamine terminal loss in early Parkinson's disease
Ouchi, Y., Yoshikawa, E., Sekine, Y., Futatsubashi, M., Kanno, T., Ogusu, T., & Torizuka, T. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20338 · Cited by 864
Molecular determinants of crosstalk between nuclear receptors and toll-like receptors
Ogawa, S., Lozach, J., Benner, C., Pascual, G., Tangirala, R. K., Westin, S., Hoffmann, A., Subramaniam, S., David, M., Rosenfeld, M. G., et al. (2005) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2005.06.029 · Cited by 647

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 33 references

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 230

Chronic dexamethasone treatment results in hippocampal neurons injury due to activate NLRP1 inflammasome in vitro
Zhang, B., Zhang, Y., Xu, T., Yin, Y., Huang, R., Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Huang, D., & Li, W. (2017) · International Immunopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2017.05.039 · Cited by 41
The role of the MYD88-dependent pathway in MPTP-induced brain dopaminergic degeneration
Drouin‐Ouellet, J., Gibrat, C., Bousquet, M., Calon, F., Križ, J., & Cicchetti, F. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-137 · Cited by 39
Alpha‐synuclein at the nexus of genes and environment: the impact of environmental enrichment and stress on brain health and disease
Wassouf, Z., & Schulze-Hentrich, J. M. (2019) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.14787 · Cited by 36
Liver hydrolysate prevents depressive-like behavior in an animal model of colitis: Involvement of hippocampal neurogenesis via the AMPK/BDNF pathway
Nakagawasai, O., Yamada, K., Takahashi, K., Odaira, T., Sakuma, W., Ishizawa, D., Takahashi, N., Onuma, K., Hozumi, C., Nemoto, W., et al. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112640 · Cited by 37
HLA-DRB1 Alleles Are Associated with the Susceptibility to Sporadic Parkinson’s Disease in Chinese Han Population
Sun, C., Wei, L., Luo, F., Li, Y., Li, J., Zhu, F., Kang, P., Xu, R., Xiao, L., Liu, Z., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048594 · Cited by 39
Amygdala microglia modify neuronal plasticity via complement C1q/C3-CR3 signaling and contribute to visceral pain in a rat model
Yuan, T., Orock, A. M., & Meerveld, B. G. (2021) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00123.2021 · Cited by 36
The Potential Role of Toll-Like Receptor 4 in Mediating Dopaminergic Cell Loss and Alpha-Synuclein Expression in the Acute MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Mariucci, G., Pagiotti, R., Galli, F., Romani, L. R., & Conte, C. (2018) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-018-1057-7 · Cited by 34
Pretreatment with crocin along with treadmill exercise ameliorates motor and memory deficits in hemiparkinsonian rats by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms
Shahidani, S., Rajaei, Z., & Alaei, H. (2019) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-018-0379-z · Cited by 33
Evidence for immune system alterations in peripheral biological fluids in Parkinson’s disease
Bartl, M., Xylaki, M., Bähr, M., Weber, S., Trenkwalder, C., & Mollenhauer, B. (2022) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105744 · Cited by 33
Putative Inflammatory Sensitive Mechanisms Underlying Risk or Resilience to Social Stress
Finnell, J. E., & Wood, S. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00240 · Cited by 33
Modulation of Inflammatory Mediators and Microglial Activation Through Physical Exercise in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson's Diseases
de Almeida, E. J. R., Ibrahim, H. J., Schetinger, M. R. C., de Andrade, C. M., & Cardoso, A. M. (2022) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-022-03713-x · Cited by 34
Glial-Mediated Inflammation Underlying Parkinsonism
Barcia, C. (2013) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2013/357805 · Cited by 35
Toll-like Receptor 4 Is Upregulated in Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Co-Localizes with pSer129αSyn: A Possible Link with the Pathology
Conte, C., Ingrassia, A. M. T., Brevé, J. J. P., Bol, J. G. J. M., Huisman, E., van Dam, A., Beccari, T., & van de Berg, W. D. J. (2023) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells12101368 · Cited by 33
Strategic Selection of Neuroinflammatory Models in Parkinson's Disease: Evidence from Experimental Studies
More, S. V., Kumar, H., Kim, I., Koppula, S., Kim, B.-W., & Choi, D. (2013) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/18715273113129990059 · Cited by 31
Deletion of caspase-8 in mouse myeloid cells blocks microglia pro-inflammatory activation and confers protection in MPTP neurodegeneration model
Kavanagh, E. T., Burguillos, M. Á., Carrillo-Jiménez, A., Oliva-Martín, M. J., Santiago, M., Rodhe, J., Joseph, B., & Venero, J. L. (2015) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.100805 · Cited by 30
Depression and Parkinson disease: prevalence, temporal relationship, and determinants
Eser, H. Y., Tokçaer, A. B., & Kuruoğlu, A. (2017) · TURKISH JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES · doi:10.3906/sag-1603-101 · Cited by 29
Regulation of striatal astrocytic receptor for advanced glycation end‐products variants in an early stage of experimental Parkinson's disease
Viana, S., Valero, J., Rodrigues‐Santos, P., Couceiro, P., Silva, A. M., Carvalho, F. D., Ali, S. F., Ribeiro, C., & Pereira, F. C. (2016) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/jnc.13682 · Cited by 29
CNB-001, a novel pyrazole derivative mitigates motor impairments associated with neurodegeneration via suppression of neuroinflammatory and apoptotic response in experimental Parkinson’s disease mice
Jayaraj, R. L., Elangovan, N., Dhanalakshmi, C., Manivasagam, T., & Essa, M. M. (2014) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2014.06.022 · Cited by 26
Is Pre‐Symptomatic Immunosuppression Protective in CSF1R ‐ Related Leukoencephalopathy?
Tipton, P. W., Stanley, E. R., Chiţu, V., & Wszołek, Z. K. (2021) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.28515 · Cited by 26
Arginase 1 Insufficiency Precipitates Amyloid-β Deposition and Hastens Behavioral Impairment in a Mouse Model of Amyloidosis
Ma, C., Hunt, J. B., Selenica, M.-L. B., Sanneh, A., Sandusky-Beltran, L. A., Watler, M., Daas, R., Kovalenko, A., Liang, H., Placides, D., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.582998 · Cited by 24
Significance and Mechanisms of P-glycoprotein in Central Nervous System Diseases
Huang, L., Li, B., Li, X., Liu, G., Liu, R., Guo, J., Xu, B., Li, Y., & Fang, W. (2019) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450120666190308144448 · Cited by 24
Hsp90 Co-chaperone p23 contributes to dopaminergic mitochondrial stress via stabilization of PHD2: Implications for Parkinson’s disease
Rane, A., Rajagopalan, S., Ahuja, M., Thomas, B., Chinta, S. J., & Andersen, J. K. (2018) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.012 · Cited by 23
Cell-Type Specific Changes in Glial Morphology and Glucocorticoid Expression During Stress and Aging in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex
Chan, T. E., Grossman, Y. S., Bloss, E. B., Janssen, W. G. M., Lou, W. Y. W., McEwen, B. S., Dumitriu, D., & Morrison, J. H. (2018) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00146 · Cited by 22
TLR9 −1237 T/C and TLR2 −194 to −174 del polymorphisms and the risk of Parkinson’s disease in the Greek population: a pilot study
Kalinderi, K., Bostantjopoulou, S., Katsarou, Z., & Fidani, L. (2012) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-012-1106-x · Cited by 22
The Impairment of Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer’s Disease: Challenges and Opportunities with Stem Cells
López-Ornelas, A., Jiménez, A., Pérez‐Sánchez, G., Rodríguez-Pérez, C. E., Corzo‐Cruz, A., Velasco, I., & Estudillo, E. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms231710136 · Cited by 22
Crosstalk Between Insulin and Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathways in the Central Nervous system
Hemmati, F., Ghasemi, R., Ibrahim, N. M., Dargahi, L., Mohamed, Z., Raymond, A. A., & Ahmadiani, A. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8631-3 · Cited by 21
Early diagnosis and therapy of Parkinson’s disease: can disease progression be curbed?
Kansara, S., Trivedi, A., Chen, S., Jankovic, J. J., & Le, W. (2012) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-012-0840-9 · Cited by 21
Chronic Stress and Parkinson's Disease
Hou, G., Tian, R., Jiang, L., & Yuan, T. (2013) · CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/cns.12209 · Cited by 21
Toll Like Receptor 4 Affects the Cerebral Biochemical Changes Induced by MPTP Treatment
Conte, C., Roscini, L., Sardella, R., Mariucci, G., Scorzoni, S., Beccari, T., & Corte, L. (2017) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-016-2095-6 · Cited by 20
The effects of physical exercise on nonmotor symptoms and on neuroimmune RAGE network in experimental parkinsonism
Viana, S., Pita, I. R., Lemos, C., Rial, D., Couceiro, P., Rodrigues‐Santos, P., Caramelo, F. J., Carvalho, F. D., Ali, S. F., Prediger, R. D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01120.2016 · Cited by 19
Association of TLR9 polymorphisms with sporadic Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population
Zhu, K., Teng, J., Zhao, J., Liu, H., & Xie, A. (2015) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207454.2015.1050591 · Cited by 19
The role of α-synuclein in neurodegeneration — An update
Jellinger, K. A. (2012) · Translational Neuroscience · doi:10.2478/s13380-012-0013-1 · Cited by 19
Stress and corticosterone alter synaptic plasticity in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease
Hao, Y., Shabanpoor, A., & Metz, G. A. S. (2017) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.04.063 · Cited by 19
Eicosanoid receptor subtype‐mediated opposing regulation of TLR‐stimulated expression of astrocyte glial‐derived neurotrophic factor
Li, X., Cudaback, E., BREYER, R. M., Montine, K. S., Keene, C. D., & Montine, T. J. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.11-200279 · Cited by 19
Adverse Outcome Pathway on Inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I of nigro-striatal neurons leading to parkinsonian motor deficits
Bal‐Price, A., Leist, M., Schildknecht, S., Monnet‐Tschudi, F., Paini, A., & Terron, A. (2018) · OECD series on adverse outcome pathways · doi:10.1787/b46c3c00-en · Cited by 22
Glucocorticoid Therapy is Associated with a Lower Risk of Dementia
Nerius, M., Haenisch, B., Gomm, W., Doblhammer, G., & Schneider, A. (2019) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-190444 · Cited by 19
Modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration-related dementia: can microglial toll-like receptors pull the plug?
Tiwari, R. K., Moin, A., Rizvi, S. M. D., Shahid, S. M. A., & Bajpai, P. (2021) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-021-00696-6 · Cited by 19
Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases
Gordon, R., & Woodruff, T. M. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805120-7.00003-8 · Cited by 19
Prothrombin Kringle-2: a potential inflammatory pathogen in the parkinsonian dopaminergic system
Leem, E., Jeong, K. H., Won, S.-Y., Shin, W.-H., & Kim, S. R. (2016) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2016.25.4.147 · Cited by 16
The 1-Tosylpentan-3-one Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Neurotoxicity
Kao, C.-J., Chen, W.-F., Guo, B.-L., Feng, C., Hung, H.-C., Yang, W.-Y., Sung, C., Tsui, K., Chu, H., Chen, N., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms18051096 · Cited by 16
Parkinson’s disease and the gut-brain connection: unveiling pathways, mechanisms and promising therapies
Hajare, S., & Kulkarni, Y. A. (2025) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2025.149975 · Cited by 18
Glucocorticosteroids Effects on Brain Development in the Preterm Infant: A Role for Microglia?
Zinni, M., Pansiot, J., Billion, E., Baud, O., & Mairesse, J. (2021) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x19666210517112913 · Cited by 15
Myeloid Arginase 1 Insufficiency Exacerbates Amyloid-β Associated Neurodegenerative Pathways and Glial Signatures in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Targeted Transcriptome Analysis
Ma, C., Hunt, J. B., Kovalenko, A., Liang, H., Selenica, M. B., Orr, M. B., Zhang, B., Gensel, J. C., Feola, D. J., Gordon, M. N., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.628156 · Cited by 16
Neonatal Maternal Separation Modifies Proteostasis Marker Expression in the Adult Hippocampus
Sierra-Fonseca, J. A., Hamdan, J. N., Cohen, A. A., Cardenas, S. M., Saucedo, S., Lodoza, G. A., & Gosselink, K. L. (2021) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2021.661993 · Cited by 15
Knockdown of TLR4 represses the paraquat-induced neuroinflammation and microglial M1 polarization
Huang, M., Li, Y., Tian, T., Wang, K., Wang, Y., Yan, W., & Yang, H. (2020) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/s12640-020-00261-6 · Cited by 14
Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Inhibitor Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses and Behavioral Deficits in LRRK2 G2019S Parkinson's Disease Model Mice
Kim, T., Jeon, J., Park, J., Park, Y., Kim, J., Noh, H., Kim, H.-S., & Seo, H. (2021) · Biomolecules & Therapeutics · doi:10.4062/biomolther.2020.181 · Cited by 14
Impact of Glucocorticoid on a Cellular Model of Parkinson’s Disease: Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Function
Claros, S., Gil, A. M., Martinelli, M., Valverde, N., Lara, E., Boraldi, F., Pavı́a, J., Martín‐Montañez, E., & Garcia‐Fernandez, M. I. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11081106 · Cited by 14
The implication of neuronimmunoendocrine (NIE) modulatory network in the pathophysiologic process of Parkinson’s disease
Shen, Y., Guo, X., Han, C., Wan, F. J., Ma, K., Guo, S., Wang, L., Xia, Y. F., Liu, L., Lin, Z., et al. (2017) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-017-2549-2 · Cited by 15
Stress system and related biomarkers in Parkinson's disease
Bougea, A. M., Stefanis, L., & Chrousos, G. P. (2022) · Advances in clinical chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.acc.2022.07.004 · Cited by 14
Silibinin chronic treatment in a rat model of Parkinson disease: A comprehensive in-vivo evaluation and in silico molecular modeling
Brooshghalan, S. E., Sabahi, M., Ebadi, S. A., Sadeghian, Z., Nayebi, A. M., & Haddadi, R. (2023) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175517 · Cited by 13
Prophylactic effect of chronic immunosuppression in a mouse model of CSF ‐1 receptor‐related leukoencephalopathy
Chiţu, V., Biundo, F., Oppong‐Asare, J., Gökhan, Ş., Aguilan, J. T., Dulski, J., Wszolek, Z. K., Sidoli, S., & Stanley, E. R. (2023) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.24446 · Cited by 14
Repression of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Increases Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury in the Male Neonatal Rat
Concepcion, K. R., Figueroa, J. D., Hartman, R. E., Li, Y., & Zhang, L. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20143493 · Cited by 13
NPT1220-312, a TLR2/TLR9 Small Molecule Antagonist, Inhibits Pro-Inflammatory Signaling, Cytokine Release, and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation
Habas, A., Natala, S. R., Bowden-Verhoek, J. K., Stocking, E. M., Price, D. L., Wrasidlo, W., Bonhaus, D. W., & Gill, M. B. (2022) · International Journal of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2022/2337363 · Cited by 12
Nardosinone regulates the slc38a2 gene to alleviate Parkinson's symptoms in rats through the GABAergic synaptic and cAMP pathways
Bian, L.-H., Yao, Z., Wang, Z.-Y., Wang, X., Li, Q., Yang, X. L., Li, J.-Y., Wei, X.-J., Wan, G.-H., Wang, Y., et al. (2022) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113269 · Cited by 12
Novel insights into the neuroendocrine control of inflammation: the role of GR and PARP1
Aprile-Garcia, F., Antunica-Noguerol, M., Budziñski, M. L., Liberman, A. C., & ARZT, E. S. (2013) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-13-0079 · Cited by 15
Alpha-synuclein-induced stress sensitivity renders the Parkinson’s disease brain susceptible to neurodegeneration
Nakos‐Bimpos, M., Karali, K., Antoniou, C., Palermos, D., Fouka, M., Delis, A. D., Tzieras, I., Chrousos, G. P., Koutmani, Y., Stefanis, L., et al. (2024) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-024-01797-w · Cited by 11
RESP18 deficiency has protective effects in dopaminergic neurons in an MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Su, J., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Wang, J., Li, H., Huang, D., Huang, L., Bai, X., Yu, M., Fei, J., et al. (2018) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2018.06.010 · Cited by 11
Insulin-like Growth Factor II Prevents MPP+ and Glucocorticoid Mitochondrial-Oxidative and Neuronal Damage in Dopaminergic Neurons
Claros, S., Cabrera, P., Valverde, N., Romero-Zerbo, S., López-González, M. V., Shumilov, K., Rivera, A., Pavia, J., Martín-Montañez, E., & García-Fernández, M. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11010041 · Cited by 10
MFGE8 does not orchestrate clearance of apoptotic neurons in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Kinugawa, K., Monnet, Y., Lü, L., Bekaert, A., Théry, C., Mallat, Z., Hirsch, É. C., & Hunot, S. (2012) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2012.11.010 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Neuroprotective Efficacy of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Modulator PT150 in the Rotenone Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Latham, A. S., Rocha, S. M., McDermott, C. P., Reigan, P., Slayden, R. A., & Tjalkens, R. B. (2024) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.017 · Cited by 12
Receptors on Microglia
Augusto‐Oliveira, M., Tremblay, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2024) · Advances in neurobiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_6 · Cited by 10
Dexamethasone along with ciprofloxacin modulates S. aureus induced microglial inflammation via glucocorticoid (GC)-GC receptor-mediated pathway
Dey, R., & Bishayi, B. (2020) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104227 · Cited by 10
Asparagine endopeptidase deletion ameliorates cognitive impairments by inhibiting proinflammatory microglial activation in MPTP mouse model of Parkinson disease
Gao, J., Zhang, W., Chai, X., Tan, X., & Yang, Z. R. (2021) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.11.011 · Cited by 10
“Good” and “Bad” Microglia in Parkinson’s Disease: An Understanding of Homeostatic Mechanisms in Immunomodulation
Tang, Y., & Le, W. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08046-8_4 · Cited by 10
Myeloid and T Cell-Derived TNF Protects against Central Nervous System Tuberculosis
Hsu, N., Francisco, N. M., Keeton, R. S., Allie, N., Quesniaux, V. F. J., Ryffel, B., & Jacobs, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00180 · Cited by 9
The role of inflammation and oxidative stress in depression and cardiovascular disease
Wood, S. K. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-815015-3.00008-8 · Cited by 9
Toll‐like receptor 4‐dependent innate immune responses are mediated by intracrine corticosteroids and activation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β in astrocytes
Lai, W., Huang, S., Liu, J., Zhou, B., Yu, Z., Brown, J., & Hong, G. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202301923rr · Cited by 7
Multi-omics analysis identified and confirmed TNF-α as a key initiator of the inflammatory response following spinal cord injury
Bai, M., Sang, Z., Cui, Y., Feng, H., Liu, Y., Dai, Z., Zhou, Z., Mei, X., & Zhao, H. (2025) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.143866 · Cited by 7
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Isolated Adrenocorticotropin Deficiency Manifested by Parkinsonism: A Case Report and Literature Review
Ohara, N., Kojima, N., Sato, T., Ikarashi, T., Sone, H., Oki, Y., Kamoi, K., Hara, M., & Sasaki, H. (2015) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.54.5022 · Cited by 6
Etiology and Progression of Parkinson's Disease: Cross-Talk Between Environmental Factors and Genetic Vulnerability
Fernagut, P. (2016) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802206-1.00040-4 · Cited by 8
Reprogramming neurodegeneration in the big data era
Zhou, L., & Verstreken, P. (2018) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2017.12.015 · Cited by 6
Effect of Chronic Stress in the Onset of Parkinson’s Disease: Possible Role of Microglial Cells in Neuroinflammation
Sugama, S., & Conti, B. (2016) · Journal of Neurological Disorders · doi:10.4172/2329-6895.s2-001 · Cited by 6
SP1-Driven FOXM1 Upregulation Induces Dopaminergic Neuron Injury in Parkinson’s Disease
Li, D., & Gao, L. (2024) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-023-03854-2 · Cited by 5
Disease phenotypic screening in neuron-glia cocultures identifies blockers of inflammatory neurodegeneration
Birkle, T. J. Y., Willems, H. M. G., Skidmore, J., & Brown, G. C. (2024) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.109454 · Cited by 4
Futures pistes thérapeutiques médicamenteuses pour la maladie de Parkinson
Hirsch, É. C. (2012) · Bulletin de l Académie Nationale de Médecine · doi:10.1016/s0001-4079(19)31718-2 · Cited by 4
Stress and Opioid Systems
Przewłocki, R., & Almeida, O. F. X. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00008-0 · Cited by 4
Differential Responses of Human iPSC-Derived Microglia to Stimulation with Diverse Inflammogens
Wolfbeisz, C., Suess, J., Dreser, N., Leisner, H., Brüll, M., Fandrich, M., Schneiderhan‐Marra, N., Poetz, O., Härtung, T., & Leist, M. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14211687 · Cited by 4
Structure based design, synthesis and identification of novel covalent reversible dual TLR2/TLR9 small molecule antagonists
Natala, S. R., Habas, A., Stocking, E. M., Orry, A. J. W., Abagyan, R. A., Makale, M., & Wrasidlo, W. (2025) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130259 · Cited by 3
Animal Models of Altered Glucocorticoid Signaling
Harris, C. A. (2015) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2895-8_15 · Cited by 3
Neural Targets in the Study and Treatment of Social Cognition in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Vahabzadeh, A. B. N., Landino, S. M., Finger, B. C., Carlezon, W. A., & McDougle, C. J. (2015) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16522-6_11 · Cited by 3
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Role of TLR2 and TLR4 Signaling in Parkinson’s Disease: An Insight into Associated Therapeutic Potential
Kaur, G., Behl, T., Sehgal, A., Singh, S., Sharma, N., Kumar, A., Arora, S., & BUNGAU, S. G. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s12031-021-01811-z · Cited by 3
Retracted
Analyzing different aging theories in the context of the brain: DNA damage, inflammation, redox imbalance, and neurodevelopment intertwine
Feltes, B. C. (2025) · Biogerontology · doi:10.1007/s10522-025-10243-w · Cited by 3
Neuroprotection Versus Neurotoxicity
Biber, K. P. H., & Block, M. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1429-6_6 · Cited by 3
Neuroinflammation and Parkinson’s Disease
Ros‐Bernal, F., Yuste, J. E., Tarragón, E., Ortiz, V., Gómez, A., Ros, C. M., Fernández‐Villalba, E., & Herrero, M. T. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5836-4_6 · Cited by 3
Self-citation
The role of MyD88 in the nervous system: Neuronal functions, implications in neurological diseases, and therapeutic potential
Pan, H.-L., Ge, J.-Y., Zhang, Z.-A., Xu, J., Wu, J., Ju, Y., Zhang, X.-Y., Jiang, Z.-J., Chen, Y., Xu, Y., et al. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.109016 · Cited by 3
Sex specific effects of adoptive Tregs transfer on the brain and periphery in maternal immune activation offspring rescuing immune dysregulation
Rose, D. R., Moreno, R. J., Osman, H., Rowland, M. E., Silverman, J., Ciernia, A., & Ashwood, P. (2026) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-026-03739-w · Cited by 2
Microglial physiology and function
Verkhratsky, A., & Butt, A. M. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-821565-4.00002-x · Cited by 2
Possible involvement of glucocorticoids in mycotoxin-induced neuroinflammation
Chantong, B., & Nusuetrong, P. (2015) · Cited by 2
TSPO deficiency exacerbates acute brain damage after intracerebral hemorrhage in male mice
Bonsack, F., Dasari, R., Thomas, A., Xu, H., & Sukumari‐Ramesh, S. (2025) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x251340509 · Cited by 1
Mechanisms and Clinical Significance of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors in Neurological Diseases
Kong, W., Miao, X., Dang, R., Jiang, P., & Feng, L. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05364-9 · Cited by 1
Parkinson's disease: A chronic systemic inflammatory disorder
Khan, H., & Benskey, M. J. (2025) · Handbook of behavioral neuroscience · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-21992-4.00006-3 · Cited by 1
Rab27-dependent mitochondrial extrusion from dopaminergic neurons drives neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease
Xu, Y., Li, J., Ma, S., Yang, T., Shen, Z., Li, M., & Huang, Q. (2026) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.01.053 · Cited by 1
STRESS AND INFLAMMATION: A DETRIMENTAL COMBINATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASE.
de Pablos, R. M., Espinosa‐Oliva, A. M., Soto, M. S., & Venero, J. L. (2014) · Inflammation and Cell Signaling · doi:10.14800/ics.182 · Cited by 1
The Effect of Systemic Inflammation on Cognitive Function and Neurodegenerative Disease
Cunningham, C. M., & Skelly, D. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108539623.010 · Cited by 1
The role of stress in mediating inflammation in the context of neurodegeneration
Armstrong, A. M., Woodfield, A., Eccles, M. K., Groth, D., & Verdile, G. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-817558-3.00005-6 · Cited by 1
Involvement of Glial Cells in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Depression
Fatimi, H. E., & Khalki, L. (2023) · Advances in bioinformatics and biomedical engineering book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-9675-6.ch017 · Cited by 1
Leflunomide exerts neuroprotective effects in an MPTP‑treated mouse model of Parkinsonism
Ürkmez, Y. C., Kırmızıkan, S., Günaydın, C., Çikler, E., Bilge, S. S., Avcı, B., & Ürkmez, S. S. (2024) · Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis · doi:10.55782/ane-2024-2579 · Cited by 1
Combination treatment with rapamycin and glucocorticoid protects the death of mesostriatal dopaminergic neurons in animal model of Parkinson's disease
Lee, K., Kim, H. J., Kim, J. E., Elina, K. C., Kim, S., Park, Y. S., & Kim, H. K. (2025) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2025.173966 · Cited by 1
Transtornos de ansiedade na doença de Parkinson: Estudo de validação da Parkinson Anxiety Scale (PAS) e associação com o sistema endocanabinóide
Vieira, J. C. F. (2020) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.17.2020.tde-11022020-153242 · Cited by 1
Parkinson's Disease
Crichton, R. R., & Ward, R. J. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118553480.ch06 · Cited by 1

Authors: Ros-Bernal, F., Hunot, S., Herrero, M. T., Parnadeau, S., Corvol, J.-C., Lu, L., Alvarez-Fischer, D., Carrillo-de Sauvage, M. A., Saurini, F., Coussieu, C., Kinugawa, K., Prigent, A., Höglinger, G., Hamon, M., Tronche, F., Hirsch, E. C., & Vyas, S.
Affiliations: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7224, F-75005 Paris, France;
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), School of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
Université Pierre et Marie Curie–Paris 06, F-75252 Paris Cedex 5, France;
Inserm (FR)
Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (FR)
Philipps University of Marburg (DE)
ORCID: Hunot, Stéphane
Corvol, Jean-Christophe
Saurini, Françoise
Kinugawa, Kiyoka
Prigent, Annick
Höglinger, Günter
Hamon, Michel
Tronche, François
Venue: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher: National Academy of Sciences
Published: 2011-04-05
Volume: 108
Issue: 16
Pages: 6632-6637
ISSN: 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1017820108
PMC: PMC3080980
OpenAlex: W2045465918
Cited by: 231
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 21
FWCI: 10.60
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
mediaTUM (Technical University of Munich) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
Fondation de France
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Association France Parkinson
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Receptors and Signaling
Keywords: glucocorticoid receptor, microglia, dopaminergic neuron loss, Parkinson's disease, MPTP-induced neurotoxicity, neuroinflammation, substantia nigra, TLR9, NF-κB signaling, corticosterone, microglial activation, TNF-α, IL1R2, non-cell autonomous neurodegeneration
MeSH terms: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, Cell Nucleus, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Parkinson Disease, Receptors, Glucocorticoid, Substantia Nigra, Up-Regulation, Microglia, MPTP Poisoning, Toll-Like Receptors, Mice

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Microglial glucocorticoid receptors play a pivotal role in regulating dopaminergic neurodegeneration in parkinsonism

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks