Sulfur record of rising and falling marine oxygen and sulfate levels during the Lomagundi Event
Open accessAbstract
Carbonates from approximately 2.3–2.1 billion years ago show markedly positive δ 13 C values commonly reaching and sometimes exceeding +10‰. Traditional interpretation of these positive δ 13 C values favors greatly enhanced organic carbon burial on a global scale, although other researchers have invoked widespread methanogenesis within the sediments. To resolve between these competing models and, more generally, among the mechanisms behind Earth’s most dramatic carbon isotope event, we obtained coupled stable isotope data for carbonate carbon and carbonate-associated sulfate (CAS). CAS from the Lomagundi interval shows a narrow range of δ 34 S values and concentrations much like those of Phanerozoic and modern marine carbonate rocks. The δ 34 S values are a close match to those of coeval sulfate evaporites and likely reflect seawater composition. These observations are inconsistent with the idea of diagenetic carbonate formation in the methanic zone. Toward the end of the carbon isotope excursion there is an increase in the δ 34 S values of CAS. We propose that these trends in C and S isotope values track the isotopic evolution of seawater sulfate and reflect an increase in pyrite burial and a crash in the marine sulfate reservoir during ocean deoxygenation in the waning stages of the positive carbon isotope excursion.
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Following the end of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion, multiple redox indicators point to the collapse of seawater sulfate and atmospheric/oceanic oxygenation.
“Following the end of the Lomagundi carbon isotope excursion, multiple redox indicators point to the collapse of seawater sulfate and atmospheric/oceanic oxygenation (e.g., Planavsky et al., 2012b; Scott et al., 2008, 2014; Bekker and Holland, 2012; Partin et al., 2013a, b).”
From Iron formations: A global record of Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic environmental history (2017) · cites this paper as Planavsky et al., 2012b
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Planavsky, N. J., Bekker, A., Hofmann, A., Owens, J. D., & Lyons, T. W.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- University of Johannesburg (ZA)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-10-22
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 45
- Pages
- 18300-18305
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3494920
- OpenAlex
- W2107212167
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 12
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 10.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geophysics › Geological and Geochemical Analysis
- Keywords
- carbon isotope excursion, carbonate-associated sulfate, sulfur isotopes, marine oxygenation, ocean deoxygenation, pyrite burial, methanogenesis, seawater sulfate, diagenesis
- MeSH terms
- Carbon Isotopes, Carbonates, Oxygen, Paleontology, Chemical Precipitation, Seawater, Sulfates, Sulfur, Time Factors, Geological Phenomena
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