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Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals
Open accessAbstract
Sharing others’ emotional states may facilitate understanding their intentions and actions. Here we show that networks of brain areas “tick together” in participants who are viewing similar emotional events in a movie. Participants’ brain activity was measured with functional MRI while they watched movies depicting unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant emotions. After scanning, participants watched the movies again and continuously rated their experience of pleasantness–unpleasantness (i.e., valence) and of arousal–calmness. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to derive multisubject voxelwise similarity measures [intersubject correlations (ISCs)] of functional MRI data. Valence and arousal time series were used to predict the moment-to-moment ISCs computed using a 17-s moving average. During movie viewing, participants' brain activity was synchronized in lower- and higher-order sensory areas and in corticolimbic emotion circuits. Negative valence was associated with increased ISC in the emotion-processing network (thalamus, ventral striatum, insula) and in the default-mode network (precuneus, temporoparietal junction, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus). High arousal was associated with increased ISC in the somatosensory cortices and visual and dorsal attention networks comprising the visual cortex, bilateral intraparietal sulci, and frontal eye fields. Seed-voxel–based correlation analysis confirmed that these sets of regions constitute dissociable, functional networks. We propose that negative valence synchronizes individuals’ brain areas supporting emotional sensations and understanding of another’s actions, whereas high arousal directs individuals’ attention to similar features of the environment. By enhancing the synchrony of brain activity across individuals, emotions may promote social interaction and facilitate interpersonal understanding.
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25 Not checked yet · 23 Own interpretation · 20 Own result · 7 Own method · 1 Sources not found
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“Seed-voxel-based correlation analysis confirmed that these sets of regions constitute dissociable, functional networks.”
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In the paper
“However, statistically significant ISCs also were observed in numerous limbic regions implicated in affective processing, such as the amygdala, anterior insula, and thalamus, as well as in somatosensory cortices.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
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In the paper
“During movie viewing, participants' brain activity was synchronized in lower-and higher-order sensory areas and in corticolimbic emotion circuits.”
- Also stated in: § Results · boosted
“During movie viewing, the brain activity was highly time-locked across subjects in several brain regions”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“statistically significant ISCs also were observed in numerous limbic regions implicated in affective processing, such as the amygdala, anterior insula, and thalamus, as well as in somatosensory cortices.”
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In the paper
“Behavioral ratings (Fig. S1) confirmed that the movie stimuli elicited strong and time-variable emotional reactions, with mean valence ranging from 1.3 to 8.3 and mean arousal ranging from 2.6 to 8.0.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“For arousal, the corresponding effect was much smaller and was restricted to temporal/hippocampal regions.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Negative valence was associated with increased ISC in the emotion-processing network (thalamus, ventral striatum, insula) and in the default-mode network (precuneus, temporoparietal junction, medial prefrontal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus).”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“As valence decreased from positive to negative, ISC increased in regions involved in emotional processing (thalamus, ventral striatum, and medial prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex) as well as in default-mode function [temporoparietal junction (TPJ), precuneus, and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC)]”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“valence was negatively associated with ISC in regions involved in emotional processing, such as midbrain, thalamus, ventral striatum, insula, and anterior cingulate cortex (22,23) and also in the defaultmode network constituting of the TPJ, precuneus, superior temporal sulcus (STS), and VMPFC (29,30).”
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- Also stated in: § Results · plain
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In the paper
“High arousal was associated with increased ISC in the somatosensory cortices and visual and dorsal attention networks comprising the visual cortex, bilateral intraparietal sulci, and frontal eye fields.”
- Also stated in: § Results · plain
“the level of emotional arousal was associated positively with ISC in visual and somatosensory cortices and in regions involved in top-down attention control [bilateral intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and frontal eye field].”
- Also stated in: § Discussion · plain
“Whereas arousal was most prominently positively associated with ISC in the visual and dorsal attention networks (28)”
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In the paper
“Correlations between ISC and valence versus ISC and arousal were statistically significantly different in all the aforementioned regions (Z > 5.38, P < 0.001, Fisher's test).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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“Similar results were observed when partial correlations were used to control for effects of valence on ISC by arousal or vice versa (Table S2).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that pairwise similarity in valence ratings predicted similarity in brain activation time series, most notably in frontal components of the emotion circuit, namely, in the orbital and medial frontal cortex and anterior cingulum (Fig. S2 and Table S3).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 27
- It may state two separate claims as one. 22
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In the paper
“Valence and arousal were negatively correlated (r = -0.22,P < 0.001).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Neither valence nor arousal correlated significantly with the whole-volume average ISC (P > 0.05)”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When the mean ISC time courses of all statistically significant voxels in each of the six intrinsic networks were correlated with valence and arousal time series, a similar pattern of results emerged: Arousal, but not valence, correlated positively with mean ISC in the visual and dorsal attention network, whereas valence, but not arousal, correlated negatively with ISC in the default-mode network.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Valence modulates ISC in the default-mode network (yellow) and arousal in the visual network (violet) and dorsal attention network (green).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > RSA of Emotional Feelings and ISC.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“during movie viewing a nonselective ISC component (spanning to the insular cortex) is associated with emotional events in the movies (14).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] 14. Hasson U, Nir Y, Levy I, Fuhrmann G, Malach R (2004) Intersubject synchronization of cortical activity during natural vision. Science 303:1634-1640. source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Lesions of the somatosensory cortices dampen subjective emotional feelings (36)”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] 36. Johnsen EL, Tranel D, Lutgendorf S, Adolphs R (2009) A neuroanatomical dissociation for emotion induced by music. Int J Psychophysiol 72:24-33. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“However, numerous independent studies have established that highly arousing events catch both the covert and overt attention (34,35).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] 34. Nummenmaa L, Hyönä J, Calvo MG (2006) Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures. Emotion 6:257-268. source
- Not checked yetcites [35] 35. Brosch T, Sander D, Scherer KR (2007) That baby caught my eye. . . attention capture by infant faces. Emotion 7:685-689. source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“Accordingly, during moments of high arousal, different individuals would focus their attention on similar emotional features in the environment, and this focus would be reflected in the enhanced timelocking of brain activity in the dorsal attention network.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Recent models have proposed further that the somatosensory cortices might have a more general (i.e., non-emotion-specific) role in understanding actions (11).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [11] 11. Keysers C, Kaas JH, Gazzola V (2010) Somatosensation in social perception. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:417-428. source
hedged- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“Our data suggest that the attention-related mechanism is arousal-contingent, whereas the mapping mechanism is valence-contingent.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Our findings suggest that temporally synchronized somatosensory codes across individuals might be a critical mechanism supporting mutual understanding of actions and that highly arousing events would be particularly effective in triggering this kind of somatosensory resonance across individuals.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The activity of the default-mode network typically is suppressed during external stimulation (29)”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [29] 29. Raichle ME, et al. (2001) A default mode of brain function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98: 676-682. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Recruitment of the attention-controlling systems upon perception of emotional events allows rapid adaptation to potential dangers or beneficial events in the environment (23).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] 23. Vuilleumier P (2005) How brains beware: Neural mechanisms of emotional attention. Trends Cogn Sci 9:585-594. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this synchronization of neural time courses across brains may be the critical mechanism that enables mental simulation of other's emotional states and, ultimately, prediction of their intentions and actions.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Such processes might be suppressed during free exploration of the environment but may be engaged rapidly in a similar manner across individuals when highly relevant social or emotional events are detected.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“The key mechanisms that may support similar emotional processing across individuals are automatic and spatially similar focusing of attention toward emotion-laden stimuli (23) and the subsequent mapping of others' emotional states in the body and brain (9).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] 23. Vuilleumier P (2005) How brains beware: Neural mechanisms of emotional attention. Trends Cogn Sci 9:585-594. source
- Not checked yetcites [9] 9. Hatfield E, Cacioppo J, Rapson RL (1994) Emotional Contagion (Cambridge Univ Press, New York).
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“These opposite effects on ISC fit with the proposed distinction between valence and arousal representations in the brain (31,32) and they also highlight the neurobehavioral functions that emotional arousal and valence may have in human social interaction.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [31] 31. Anderson AK, et al. (2003) Dissociated neural representations of intensity and valence in human olfaction. Nat Neurosci 6:196-202. source
- Not checked yetcites [32] 32. Posner J, Russell JA, Peterson BS (2005) The circumplex model of affect: An integrative approach to affective neuroscience, cognitive development, and psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 17:715-734. source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our results thus demonstrate that valence and arousal have distinct roles in synchronizing brain activity-and possibly also behavior-across individuals.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Discussion
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“although catching the emotions someone (here the movie character) expresses is thought to involve replication of observed emotions in one's own mind and body (9)”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] 9. Hatfield E, Cacioppo J, Rapson RL (1994) Emotional Contagion (Cambridge Univ Press, New York).
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“However, it is likely that frontocortical synchronization may be triggered both by external events (such as emotions) eliciting prototypical neural and behavioral patterns across individuals and by the similarity of endogenously maintained, shared cognitive task sets across individuals.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“When positive emotions are triggered, frontal cortex may not synchronize across individuals, because the positive emotions trigger planning of novel, exploratory thoughts and actions that are bound to vary significantly across individuals.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This hypothesis accords with the proposals that perceived emotional states in others are constantly mapped into corresponding somatic and sensory representations in the observers' brain (10,11).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Conclusions
What the sources say
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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In the paper
“Through this kind of mind-simulation, we may estimate others' goals and needs more accurately and tune our own behavior accordingly, thus supporting social interaction and coherence.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Conclusions
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gaussian filtering, on the contrary, accounts for both the HRF delay and autocorrelation of the ISC time series without making any assumptions about the shape of the filter.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our data show that the restricted processing brought about by negative emotions is reflected in the intersubject similarity in time courses of brain activity: The more negative emotions individuals feel, the more similar is their brain activation in the emotion circuit as well as in the default-mode network, whereas when the subjects experience positive emotions promoting free exploration, their b”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The data were analyzed using an ISC toolbox developed by Kauppi et al. (13).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] 13. Kauppi J-P, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Tohka J (2010) Inter-subject correlation of brain hemodynamic responses during watching a movie: Localization in space and fre- quency. Front Neuroinform 4:5.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We propose that high arousal serves to direct individuals' attention similarly to features of the environment, whereas negative valence synchronizes brain circuitries, supporting emotional sensations across individuals.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the contrary, negative emotions may trigger specific biologically determined fight-or-flight responses for immediate survival, and this narrowing of behavioral repertoires would result in more similar frontal time courses across individuals.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Accordingly, it is possible that the empathy-contingent ISC in the MTG/STS region might reflect this kind of simulation and prediction without feeling.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All participants were native Finnish speakers, and to reduce the potential confounds associated with the English speech in the movies, the movie clips were presented without sound.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Materials and Methods
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Most stimuli were selected on the basis of a validation study for the emotional qualities of silent clips edited from several feature films (47).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Materials and Methods
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [47] 47. Hewig J, et al. (2005) A revised film set for the induction of basic emotions. Cogn Emotion 19:1095-1109.
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“empathy also might be related to mental simulation and prediction of others' feelings without actually sharing them in one's own mind and body (46).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] 46. Preston SD, de Waal FBM (2002) Empathy: Its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav Brain Sci, 25:1-20, discussion 20-71. source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“To test the statistical significance of the ISC maps, we performed a fully nonparametric voxelwise permutation test for the r statistic (13).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] 13. Kauppi J-P, Jääskeläinen IP, Sams M, Tohka J (2010) Inter-subject correlation of brain hemodynamic responses during watching a movie: Localization in space and fre- quency. Front Neuroinform 4:5.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“that has been proposed to encode the intentions of an agent's actions (42,43) and also to be associated more broadly with empathy, mentalizing, and theory of mind (44,45).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] 42. Nummenmaa L, Calder AJ (2009) Neural mechanisms of social attention. Trends Cogn Sci 13:135-143. source
- Not checked yetcites [43] 43. Pelphrey KA, Viola RJ, McCarthy G (2004) When strangers pass: Processing of mutual and averted social gaze in the superior temporal sulcus. Psychol Sci 15:598-603. source
- Not checked yetcites [44] 44. Gallagher HL, Frith CD (2003) Functional imaging of 'theory of mind'. Trends Cogn Sci 7:77-83. source
- Not checked yetcites [45] 45. Frith U, Frith CD (2003) Development and neurophysiology of mentalizing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 358:459-473. source
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This information could be forwarded to the attention circuits to modulate sensory sampling of the environment as well as to emotion circuits to support transforming the observed agent's actions and intentions into a corresponding somatosensory and behavioral code in the observer.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Ratings were conducted separately rather than during scanning, because a reporting task influences neural responses to visual emotional stimulation (48,49), but repeated viewing of emotional stimuli has only a negligible effect on self-reported emotional feelings.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [48] 48. Hutcherson CA, et al. (2005) Attention and emotion: Does rating emotion alter neural responses to amusing and sad films? Neuroimage 27:656-668. source
- Not checked yetcites [49] 49. Lieberman MD, et al. (2007) Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli. Psychol Sci 18:421-428. source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Seeing emotional stimuli again has only a minimal impact on people's reported emotional experiences.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This way we could account for temporal autocorrelations present in the BOLD data.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, we conducted permutation testing with circular sampling on the surrogate ratings to determine the statistical significance level at P < 0.01 (FDR corrected).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > RSA of Emotional Feelings and ISC.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The FDR-based multiple comparisons correction relies on the P values being independent or positively dependent.
In the paper
“A participant's disposition for catching emotions from others was assessed by the Measure of Emotional Empathy questionnaire (50).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] 50. Mehrabian A, Epstein N (1972) A measure of emotional empathy. J Pers 40:525-543. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Prior studies have provided contradicting evidence on whether the activity in the frontal regions synchronizes across individuals during prolonged natural stimulation (14,15).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > †
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [14] 14. Hasson U, Nir Y, Levy I, Fuhrmann G, Malach R (2004) Intersubject synchronization of cortical activity during natural vision. Science 303:1634-1640. source
- Not checked yetcites [15] 15. Jääskeläinen IP, et al. (2008) Inter-subject synchronization of prefrontal cortex he- modynamic activity during natural viewing. Open Neuroimaging J 2:14-19. source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We argue that emotions enhance intersubject synchronization of brain activity and thus tune-in specific brain networks across individuals to support similar perception, experiencing, and prediction of the world.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Conclusions
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A fully nonparametric voxelwise permutation test was applied to determine the final population-level statistical threshold (P < 0.01, FDR corrected) for the maps.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Seed-Voxel Correlation Analysis.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The FDR-based multiple comparisons correction relies on the P values being independent or positively dependent.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A Gaussian filter rather than an ideal hemodynamic response function (HRF) was used for alignment, because the ISC time series have a complex nonlinear relationship with the BOLD signal, rendering the canonical HRF inappropriate.”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We corrected the resulting P values using FDR-based multiple comparisons correction with the assumption of independence (or positive dependence).”
§ Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals > Behavioral Measurements.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The FDR-based multiple comparisons correction relies on the P values being independent or positively dependent.
The paper relies on this without support.
The post-scan valence and arousal ratings reflect participants' moment-to-moment emotional states during the initial fMRI viewing.
“After scanning, the participants viewed the movies again and evaluated online their subjective experiences of valence (pleasantnessunpleasantness) and arousal (calmness-activation).”
“These valence and arousal time series then were used in the general linear model (GLM) to predict moment-to-moment ISC of brain activity during movie viewing.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The emotional events in the movie clips resemble real-life social interactions closely enough that findings generalize to social interaction.
“Catching emotions that other humans express-here in dynamic scenes resembling everyday life-is associated with intersubject synchronization of brain circuitries related to emotional, attentional, and mentalizing processes.”
“By enhancing the synchrony of brain activity across individuals, emotions may promote social interaction and facilitate interpersonal understanding.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Seeing emotional stimuli again has only a minimal impact on people's reported emotional experiences.
“repeated viewing of emotional stimuli has only a negligible effect on self-reported emotional feelings.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The FDR-based multiple comparisons correction relies on the P values being independent or positively dependent.
“with the assumption of independence (or positive dependence).”
Claims other papers make about this one
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The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Functional brain imaging has established that the primary somatosensory cortices are engaged during emotional perception and emotional contagion (25,26)”
From Bodily maps of emotions (2014) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These results thus support models assuming that somatosensation (25,27) and embodiment (13,14) play critical roles in emotional processing.”
From Bodily maps of emotions (2014) · cites this paper as [25]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentz > 5.38reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“(Z > 5.38, p < .001”
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
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Citations
Cites
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Brain-to-brain synchrony tracks real-world dynamic group interactions in the classroom
Dikker, S., Wan, L., Davidesco, I., Kaggen, L., Oostrik, M., McClintock, J., Rowland, J., Michalareas, G., Van Bavel, J. J., Ding, M., et al. (2017) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.002 · Cited by 871
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“These results thus support models assuming that somatosensation (25, 27) and embodiment (13, 14) play critical roles in emotional processing.”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationUsing second-person neuroscience to elucidate the mechanisms of social interaction
Redcay, E., & Schilbach, L. (2019) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-019-0179-4 · Cited by 805
Naturalistic Stimuli in Neuroscience: Critically Acclaimed
Sonkusare, S., Breakspear, M. J., & Guo, C. C. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.004 · Cited by 645
Shared memories reveal shared structure in neural activity across individuals
Chen, J., Leong, Y. C., Honey, C. J., Yong, C. H., Norman, K. A., & Hasson, U. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4450 · Cited by 645
Discrete Neural Signatures of Basic Emotions
Saarimäki, H., Gotsopoulos, A., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Lampinen, J., Vuilleumier, P. O., Hari, R., Sams, M. E., & Nummenmaa, L. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv086 · Cited by 451
Self-citationMeasuring shared responses across subjects using intersubject correlation
Nastase, S. A., Gazzola, V., Hasson, U., & Keysers, C. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz037 · Cited by 419
“…EEG (Dmochowski et al., 2012, 2014), wavelet transform coherence for fNIRS (Cui et al., 2012; Dommer et al., 2012; Holper et al., 2012; Jiang et al., 2012, 2015; Nozawa et al., 2016; Hu et al., 2017) and adaptationsof phase synchronyfor fMRI (Glerean et al., 2012; Nummenmaa et al., 2014a, 2014b).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSimilar neural responses predict friendship
Parkinson, C., Kleinbaum, A. M., & Wheatley, T. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02722-7 · Cited by 388
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Centrality of social interaction in human brain function.
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“, natural movies) elicit similar brain activity among viewers and emotional responses and, crucially, vary as a function of participants’ attentional engagement (Ki, Kelly, & Parra, 2016; Chang et al., 2015; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Jääskeläinen et al., 2008; Hasson, Nir, Levy, Fuhrmann, & Malach, 2004).”
InfluentialAudience preferences are predicted by temporal reliability of neural processing
Dmochowski, J., Bezdek, M. A., Abelson, B. P., Johnson, J. S., Schumacher, E. H., & Parra, L. C. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5567 · Cited by 314
Prosocial Consequences of Interpersonal Synchrony
Rennung, M., & Göritz, A. S. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Psychologie · doi:10.1027/2151-2604/a000252 · Cited by 331
“Specifically, synchronization leads to an alignment of one’s own and the interaction partner’s neural representations, thus facilitating communication (Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPerceptual and affective mechanisms in facial expression recognition: An integrative review
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“Recent developments in brain signal analysis (Huth, Nishimoto, Vu, & Gallant, 2012; Lahnakoski et al., 2012; Nummenmaa et al., 2012) have enabled quantification of stimulus-specific respon‐ ses even from complex, dynamic and multisensory streams.”
BackgroundSelf-citationIdiosynchrony: From shared responses to individual differences during naturalistic neuroimaging
Finn, E. S., Glerean, E., Khojandi, A., Nielson, D. M., Molfese, P. J., Handwerker, D. A., & Bandettini, P. A. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116828 · Cited by 277
“Can we use dynamic analyses (Glerean et al., 2012; Simony et al., 2016) to reveal particular time windows where the brain-behavior signal is strongest?”
Self-citationSight over sound in the judgment of music performance
Tsay, C. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1221454110 · Cited by 289
“Experts were significantly better with video-only stimuli than with sound-only stimuli, t1(61) = 4.”
BackgroundAre We Ready for Real-world Neuroscience?
Matusz, P. J., Dikker, S., Huth, A. G., & Perrodin, C. (2018) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_e_01276 · Cited by 220
Attention Strongly Modulates Reliability of Neural Responses to Naturalistic Narrative Stimuli
Ki, J. J., Kelly, S. P., & Parra, L. C. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2942-15.2016 · Cited by 221
“Inter-subject reliability of neural responses using fMRI has been associated with a variety of higherlevel processes such as memory encoding, emotional valence, language comprehension, temporal integration, level of consciousness, psychological state, or stimulus preference (Furman et al., 2007; Hasson et al., 2008a;…”
BackgroundInteractional synchrony: signals, mechanisms and benefits
Hoehl, S., Fairhurst, M., & Schirmer, A. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa024 · Cited by 231
“Thus, we entertain the possibility that emotions, especially when they are positive, prepare individuals for and facilitate the representation of another’s thoughts, feelings and behaviors including their temporal organization (Keysers et al., 2010; Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundPan, Y., Novembre, G., Song, B., Li, X., & Hu, Y. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.005 · Cited by 210
“similarities reflected in the brain signals of two motorically or perceptually synchronized people, regardless their interactivity (Abrams et al., 2013; Hasson et al., 2008; Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
Synchronous brain activity across individuals underlies shared psychological perspectives
Lahnakoski, J. M., Glerean, E., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Hyönä, J., Hari, R., Sams, M., & Nummenmaa, L. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.06.022 · Cited by 180
Self-citationMovies and narratives as naturalistic stimuli in neuroimaging
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Self-citationInterpersonal Neural Entrainment during Early Social Interaction
Wass, S. V., Whitehorn, M., Haresign, I. M., Phillips, E., & Leong, V. (2020) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.01.006 · Cited by 175
Experiential Gifts Foster Stronger Social Relationships Than Material Gifts
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“…from has highlighted the importance of emotion in close relationships (Aron et al. 2000; Bazzini et al. 2007; Clark and Finkel 2004; Laurenceau et al. 1998; Nummenmaa et al. 2012; Peters and Kashima 2007; Raghunathan and Corfman 2006; Ramanathan and McGill 2007; Slatcher and Pennebaker 2006).”
Toward a general psychological model of tension and suspense
Lehne, M., & Koelsch, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00079 · Cited by 188
“Similarly, Nummenmaa et al. (2012) have shown that emotional movie scenes are associated with increased intersubject correlations of brain activity.”
BackgroundChang, L. J., Jolly, E., Cheong, J. H., Rapuano, K. M., Greenstein, N., Chen, P.-H. A., & Manning, J. R. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abf7129 · Cited by 177
“In this study, we find the highest level of synchronization of vmPFC states at the most emotionally evocative narrative events, which is consistent with work using pupillometry (76) and fMRI (80, 81), indicating that people temporally synchronize mental states at affectively arousing events.”
ResultInter-brain synchrony and cooperation context in interactive decision making
Hu, Y., Pan, Y., Shi, X., Cai, Q., Li, X., & Cheng, X. (2017) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.12.005 · Cited by 165
Resistance to treatment and change in anorexia nervosa: a clinical overview
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“Initial findings showed that shared emotions can synchronize brain activity [152]: from a metaanalytic studies of dynamic psychotherapies we now know that they are effective in several mental disorders [153] and that the more they consider affective and emotional aspects the more effective they are [154].”
BackgroundThe Reciprocity of Prosocial Behavior and Positive Affect in Daily Life
Snippe, E., Jeronimus, B. F., Rot, M. A. H., Bos, E. H., de Jonge, P., & Wichers, M. (2017) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/jopy.12299 · Cited by 182
“Prosocial behaviors are typical for mammals, who have brains designed to blur the line between the self and the other, leading to an emotional sensitivity that triggers seemingly altruistic impulses (Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDikker, S., Michalareas, G., Oostrik, M., Serafimaki, A., Kahraman, H. M., Struiksma, M. E., & Poeppel, D. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117436 · Cited by 165
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“Similar results were demonstrated in previous studies, showing that naturalistic movies elicit consistent response patterns in autonomic and brain signals, which become synchronized across individuals [42,49].”
ResultThe brains of high functioning autistic individuals do not synchronize with those of others
Salmi, J., Roine, U., Glerean, E., Lahnakoski, J. M., Wendt, T. N., Tani, P., Leppämäki, S., Nummenmaa, L., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Carlson, S., et al. (2013) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2013.10.011 · Cited by 148
“In future studies, it would be useful to collect for instance dynamic ratings of emotional arousal and valence (Nummenmaa et al., 2012a) and use such information in modeling the brain imaging data collected dur-ingnaturalviewing.”
InfluentialSelf-citationCorrelated Neural Activity across the Brains of Socially Interacting Bats
Zhang, W., & Yartsev, M. M. (2019) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.023 · Cited by 143
“This experiment is analogous to previous studies that found correlated neural activity across the brains of humans watching the same movie (Hasson et al., 2004; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Nguyen et al., 2019) or listening to the same speech (Schmälzle et al.”
A Guide to Representational Similarity Analysis for Social Neuroscience
Popal, H. S., Wang, Y., & Olson, I. R. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz099 · Cited by 169
“RSAhasalsobeenusedinaffectiveneurosciencetobetterunder-stand the neural representation of emotions and valence (Chika-zoe et al., 2014; Costa et al., 2014; Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundNaturalistic Stimuli in Affective Neuroimaging: A Review
Saarimäki, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.675068 · Cited by 151
Coalitions in theory and reality: a review of pertinent variables and processes
Bissonnette, A., Perry, S., Barrett, L., Mitani, J. C., Flinn, M. V., Gavrilets, S., & de Waal, F. Β. Μ. (2014) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/1568539x-00003241 · Cited by 151
Emotional speech synchronizes brains across listeners and engages large-scale dynamic brain networks
Nummenmaa, L., Saarimäki, H., Glerean, E., Gotsopoulos, A., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Hari, R., & Sams, M. E. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.063 · Cited by 137
“It is indeed likely that the prior observations on high arousal synchronizing brain's visual and dorsal attention circuits (Nummenmaa et al., 2012) would reflect emotional visual stimuli that capture visual attention similarly in all individuals (Nummenmaa et al.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSelf-citationDance on the Brain: Enhancing Intra- and Inter-Brain Synchrony
Basso, J. C., Satyal, M. K., & Rugh, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.584312 · Cited by 177
Distributed affective space represents multiple emotion categories across the human brain
Saarimäki, H., Ejtehadian, L. F., Glerean, E., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Vuilleumier, P., Sams, M., & Nummenmaa, L. (2018) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsy018 · Cited by 146
“, 2004) and emotion-related modulation of this activity (Holmes and Mathews, 2005; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Kassam et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAbramson, L., Uzefovsky, F., Toccaceli, V., & Knafo‐Noam, A. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.023 · Cited by 154
Davies, H. A., Wolz, I., Leppänen, J., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Schmidt, U. H., & Tchanturia, K. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.02.015 · Cited by 155
“…is the visible or non-visible use of facial musculature by an observer to match the facial gestures in another person’s expression (Hess and Bourgeois, 2010), often occurs at an unconscious level and seems to be related to enhancing levels of empathy between recipients (Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
Reorganization of functionally connected brain subnetworks in high‐functioning autism
Glerean, E., Pan, R. K., Salmi, J., Kujala, R., Lahnakoski, J. M., Roine, U., Nummenmaa, L., Leppämäki, S., Wendt, T. N., Tani, P., et al. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23084 · Cited by 128
“As some of the areas of DM have been reported to be involved in social cognition, experienced emotions, and self-referential processing in healthy subjects [Gusnard et al., 2001; Mars et al., 2012; Nummenmaa et al., 2012] and in individuals with ASD [Gotts et al.”
Self-citationEEG Correlates of Ten Positive Emotions
Hu, X., Yu, J., Song, M., Yu, C., Wang, F., Sun, P., Wang, D., & Zhang, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2017.00026 · Cited by 145
The emergence of empathy: A developmental neuroscience perspective
Decety, J., & Holvoet, C. (2021) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2021.100999 · Cited by 174
Neural signatures of attentional engagement during narratives and its consequences for event memory
Song, H., Finn, E. S., & Rosenberg, M. D. (2021) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2021905118 · Cited by 135
Brain and motor synchrony in children and adolescents with ASD—a fNIRS hyperscanning study
Kruppa, J. A., Reindl, V., Gerloff, C., Weiß, E. O., Prinz, J., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Konrad, K., & Schulte‐Rüther, M. (2020) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsaa092 · Cited by 120
“, 2014) or watching the same movie clip (Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundSharing the social world via intersubject neural synchronisation
Nummenmaa, L., Lahnakoski, J. M., & Glerean, E. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.02.021 · Cited by 124
Self-citationEmotional valence modulates the topology of the parent-infant inter-brain network
Santamaria, L., Noreika, V., Georgieva, S., Clackson, K., Wass, S. V., & Leong, V. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116341 · Cited by 124
Cognitive, affective, and conative theory of mind (ToM) in children with traumatic brain injury
Dennis, M., Simić, N., Bigler, E. D., Abildskov, T. J., Agostino, A., Taylor, H. G., Rubin, K. H., Vannatta, K. A., Gerhardt, C. A., Stancin, T., et al. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.11.006 · Cited by 139
Movement-based embodied contemplative practices: definitions and paradigms
Schmalzl, L., Crane-Godreau, M. A., & Payne, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00205 · Cited by 124
Intersubject consistency of cortical MEG signals during movie viewing
Lankinen, K., Saari, J., Hari, R., & Koskinen, M. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.02.004 · Cited by 107
“03–1 Hz band included activity in PFC that could reflect emotional engagement to the movie (Jääskeläinen et al., 2008; Kauppi et al., 2010; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Pamilo et al., 2012).”
InfluentialSelf-citationKoelsch, S., & Skouras, S. (2013) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22416 · Cited by 120
“Other functional neuroimaging studies using films [Goldin et al., 2005; Hasson et al., 2004; Nummenmaa et al., 2012], music [Lehne et al., in press], or a story [Wallentin et al., 2011] have used even longer stimuli (up to 30 min, [Hasson et al., 2004]), but to achieve a sufficient statistical…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialChen, P.-H. A., Jolly, E., Cheong, J. H., & Chang, L. J. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116851 · Cited by 113
Social cognition in context: A naturalistic imaging approach
Redcay, E., & Moraczewski, D. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116392 · Cited by 100
“Naturalistic approaches are critical to understanding empathic processes because emotions unfold over time and demonstrate moment-tomoment changes (Cunningham et al., 2013; McMenamin et al., 2014; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Zaki and Ochsner, 2009; Zaki et al., 2009).”
BackgroundHow Many Is Enough? Effect of Sample Size in Inter-Subject Correlation Analysis of fMRI
Pajula, J., & Tohka, J. (2016) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2016/2094601 · Cited by 93
“Due to high computational demands of the analysis, we chose to only consider fMRI time series of certain length albeit the minimal length of the time series is an important consideration especially to the so-called time-window ISC analysis [2, 35].”
BackgroundSynchrony of brains and bodies during implicit interpersonal interaction
Hari, R., Himberg, T., Nummenmaa, L., Hämäläinen, M., & Parkkonen, L. T. (2013) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.01.003 · Cited by 105
“3 Nummenmaa, L. et al. (2012) Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals.”
BackgroundSelf-citationTen challenges for EEG-based affective computing
Hu, X., Chen, J., Wang, F., & Zhang, D. (2019) · Brain Science Advances · doi:10.1177/2096595819896200 · Cited by 130
“However, obtaining such dynamic labels by subjective reports could be labor-intensive and time consuming [74, 84] and automatic tagging using internet-based crowdsourcing methods [85–87] or information from other modalities (e.”
BackgroundTemporal dynamics of musical emotions examined through intersubject synchrony of brain activity
Trost, W. J., Frühholz, S., Cochrane, T., Cojan, Y., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv060 · Cited by 117
“Future studies correlating brain activity with the time-course of these features may provide additional information on the latter question (Chapin et al., 2010; Alluri et al., 2011; Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundData-driven approaches in the investigation of social perception
Adolphs, R., Nummenmaa, L., Todorov, A. T., & Haxby, J. V. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0367 · Cited by 94
Self-citationChen, G., Shin, Y., Taylor, P. A., Glen, D., Reynolds, R. C., Israel, R. B., & Cox, R. W. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.05.023 · Cited by 92
Founder passion, neural engagement and informal investor interest in startup pitches: An fMRI study
Shane, S. A., Drover, W., Clingingsmith, D. L., & Cerf, M. (2019) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2019.105949 · Cited by 108
The brain timewise: how timing shapes and supports brain function
Hari, R., & Parkkonen, L. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0170 · Cited by 98
Self-citationA Future of Words: Language and the Challenge of Abstract Concepts
Borghi, A. M. (2020) · Journal of Cognition · doi:10.5334/joc.134 · Cited by 106
Emotionotopy in the human right temporo-parietal cortex
Lettieri, G., Handjaras, G., Ricciardi, E., Leo, A., Papale, P., Betta, M., Pietrini, P., & Cecchetti, L. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-13599-z · Cited by 105
Sharing pain and relief: neural correlates of physicians during treatment of patients
Jensen, K. B., Petrović, P., Kerr, C. E., Kirsch, I., Raicek, J., Cheetham, A., Spaeth, R. B., Cook, A., Gollub, R. L., Kong, J., et al. (2013) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2012.195 · Cited by 103
Information flow across the cortical timescale hierarchy during narrative construction
Chang, C. H. C., Nastase, S. A., & Hasson, U. (2022) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2209307119 · Cited by 92
“Story length, the number of participants, their level of engagement (48, 49), and, as our simulation indicates, the temporal structure of the story—including the length of interparagraph pauses, speech rate, and the mean and variance of linguistic/narrative unit lengths (SI Appendix, Fig.”
BackgroundThe co-creation of meaningful action: bridging enaction and interactional sociology
Jaegher, H. D., Peräkylä, A., & Stevanovic, M. (2016) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2015.0378 · Cited by 107
Studying the dynamics of autonomic activity during emotional experience
Golland, Y., Keissar, K., & Levit‐Binnun, N. (2014) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12261 · Cited by 103
“These results are in line with a recent brain imaging study, which showed that emotional arousal enhanced the across-individual synchronization of widespread brain activity (Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundMethodResultThe causal role of the somatosensory cortex in prosocial behaviour
Gallo, S., Paracampo, R., Müller‐Pinzler, L., Severo, M. C., Blömer, L. A., Fernandes-Henriques, C., Henschel, A., Lammes, B. K., Maskaljunas, T., Suttrup, J., et al. (2018) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.32740 · Cited by 84
“…the somatosensory cortices (SI and SII) are also recruited (Bufalari et al., 2007; Cheng et al., 2008; Keysers and Gazzola, 2009; Lamm et al., 2011; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Morrison et al., 2013; Ashar et al., 2017; Christov-Moore and Iaco- boni, 2016) and consequently included in the network of…”
BackgroundJerath, R., & Beveridge, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01980 · Cited by 103
Nguyen, V. T., Breakspear, M. J., Hu, X., & Guo, C. C. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.08.078 · Cited by 90
“In our findings, the selective tuning of the insula to the emotional prosody of the film, and of the PPA to narration provides a firm validation, highlighting the benefit of a naturalistic experiment paradigm to study emotion in an ecological setting environment (Hasson et al., 2004; Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundGruskin, D. C., Rosenberg, M. D., & Holmes, A. J. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116217 · Cited by 86
Emotional Transfer in Human–Horse Interaction: New Perspectives on Equine Assisted Interventions
Scopa, C., Contalbrigo, L., Greco, A., Lanatà, A., Scilingo, E. P., & Baragli, P. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9121030 · Cited by 114
“From the body-to-body contact (the most immediate aspect of interaction) up to the emotional transfer (the sophisticated process of connecting individuals through emotions), horses and humans became able to coordinate physiological activities through bonding, which subsequently increased the similarity in the way both…”
BackgroundFrom Vivaldi to Beatles and back: Predicting lateralized brain responses to music
Alluri, V., Toiviainen, P., Lund, T. E., Wallentin, M., Vuust, P., Nandi, A. K., Ristaniemi, T., & Brattico, E. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.06.064 · Cited by 88
“Previous studies including movie watching (Hasson et al., 2004; Nummenmaa et al., 2012) suggest that higher inter-subject correlation might be a prerequisite for mutual understanding between individuals in social situation.”
Two social brains: neural mechanisms of intersubjectivity
Vogeley, K. T. (2017) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2016.0245 · Cited by 93
Sympathetic Nervous System Synchrony in Couple Therapy
Tourunen, A., Kykyri, V., Kaartinen, J., Penttonen, M., & Seikkula, J. (2016) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12152 · Cited by 101
“It has been shown that even brain area networks synchronize with people who are watching similar emotional events (Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundDecoding Music-Evoked Emotions in the Auditory and Motor Cortex
Putkinen, V., Nazari‐Farsani, S., Seppälä, K., Karjalainen, T., Sun, L., Karlsson, H. K., Hudson, M., Heikkilä, T., Hirvonen, J., & Nummenmaa, L. (2020) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhaa373 · Cited by 85
Self-citationA multimodal theory of affect diffusion.
Peters, K., & Kashima, Y. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000020 · Cited by 85
Associations between glucocorticoids and sociality across a continuum of vertebrate social behavior
Raulo, A., & Dantzer, B. (2018) · Ecology and Evolution · doi:10.1002/ece3.4059 · Cited by 83
“For example, human stress responses in emergency situations may be highly contagious (Buchanan & Preston, 2014) and excitement may synchronize human brain activity (Nummenmaa et al., 2012).”
BackgroundA versatile software package for inter-subject correlation based analyses of fMRI
Kauppi, J.-P., Pajula, J., & Tohka, J. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroinformatics · doi:10.3389/fninf.2014.00002 · Cited by 70
“Nummenmaa et al. (2012) used the time window ISC (which they call moment-to-moment ISC) to analyze how ISC is associated with events that elicit emotions in movies.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialWords have a weight: language as a source of inner grounding and flexibility in abstract concepts
Dove, G., Barca, L., Tummolini, L., & Borghi, A. M. (2022) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-020-01438-6 · Cited by 80
“For example, studies adopting these approaches directly investigate emotions in interactive contexts (Nummenmaa et al., 2012)”
BackgroundMeasuring shared responses across subjects using intersubject correlationPreprint
Nastase, S. A., Gazzola, V., Hasson, U., et al. (2019) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/600114 · Cited by 81
Multiple-Brain Connectivity During Third Party Punishment: an EEG Hyperscanning Study
Ciaramidaro, A., Toppi, J., Casper, C., Freitag, C. M., Siniatchkin, M., & Astolfi, L. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24416-w · Cited by 71
Guo, C. C., Nguyen, V. T., Hyett, M. P., Parker, G. B., & Breakspear, M. J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep11605 · Cited by 74
Kätsyri, J., Hari, R., Ravaja, N., & Nummenmaa, L. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00278 · Cited by 81
Self-citationEmotions amplify speaker–listener neural alignment
Smirnov, D., Saarimäki, H., Glerean, E., Hari, R., Sams, M., & Nummenmaa, L. (2019) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24736 · Cited by 71
Self-citationMusic Performance As an Experimental Approach to Hyperscanning Studies
Acquadro, M., Congedo, M., & Riddeer, D. D. (2016) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2016.00242 · Cited by 76
Ding, Y., Hu, X., Xia, Z., Liu, Y., & Zhang, D. (2018) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2018.2849758 · Cited by 76
“…a group of participants, rather than individual’s response magnitude. fMRI studies have found that ISCs over sensory and higher-order cortices were significantly correlated with auditory and visual perception, speech engagement, as well as emotional dimensions of arousal and valence [33], [34].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Embodied-Enactive-Interactive Brain: Bridging Neuroscience and Creative Arts Therapies
Vaisvaser, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.634079 · Cited by 85
Dynamic intersubject neural synchronization reflects affective responses to sad music
Sachs, M. E., Habibi, A., Damásio, A. R., & Kaplan, J. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116512 · Cited by 74
Synchronized affect in shared experiences strengthens social connection
Cheong, J. H., Molani, Z., Sadhukha, S., & Chang, L. J. (2023) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-023-05461-2 · Cited by 75
“This is congruent with growing evidence that synchronization of neural response patterns can provide direct evidence of shared interpretations 77,78 , memories 79 , and segmentations 80 of narrative events with respect to varying goals 81 and feelings 9,15,16,82 .”
Pupillometry reveals reduced unconscious emotional reactivity in autism
Nuske, H. J., Vivanti, G., Hudry, K., & Dissanayake, C. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.07.003 · Cited by 77
“It is through the transfer of emotions and emotional arousal between people that relationships are built (Malloch & Trevarthen, 2009; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Stern, 2010; Tomasello, Carpenter, Call, Behne, & Moll, 2005).”
BackgroundSchilbach, L., & Redcay, E. (2025) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-080123-101149 · Cited by 71
When do we fall in neural synchrony with others?
Lu, K., & Hao, N. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz012 · Cited by 65
Neural Profiling of Brands: Mapping Brand Image in Consumers’ Brains with Visual Templates
Chan, H., Boksem, M. A. S., & Smidts, A. (2018) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1509/jmr.17.0019 · Cited by 64
“2015), movies (Hasson, Malach, and Heeger 2010), and video clips (Nummenmaa et al. 2012).”
BackgroundCortical response to naturalistic stimuli is largely predictable with deep neural networks
Khosla, M., Ngo, G. H., Jamison, K. W., Kuceyeski, A. F., & Sabuncu, M. R. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe7547 · Cited by 60
Independent and Collaborative Contributions of the Cerebral Hemispheres to Emotional Processing
Shobe, E. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00230 · Cited by 68
Consistency and similarity of MEG- and fMRI-signal time courses during movie viewing
Lankinen, K., Saari, J., Hlushchuk, Y., Tikka, P., Parkkonen, L. T., Hari, R., & Koskinen, M. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.045 · Cited by 56
“, 2004) that has been used for assessing the reliability and consistency of voxel-wise fMRI time courses during movie viewing (see e.g. J€a€askel€ainen et al., 2008; Golland et al., 2007; Kauppi et al., 2010, 2017; Nummenmaa et al., 2012; Lahnakoski et al., 2012).”
MethodResultSelf-citationEffects of spatial smoothing on inter-subject correlation based analysis of FMRI
Pajula, J., & Tohka, J. (2014) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2014.06.001 · Cited by 51
“[39] 1115 J.”
Zheng, J., Sun, X., Hu, J., Wang, S., Yao, Z., Deng, S., Pan, X., Pan, Z., & Wang, J. (2021) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.1c13236 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- Nummenmaa, L., Glerean, E., Viinikainen, M., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Hari, R., & Sams, M.
- Affiliations
- Turku PET Centre (FI)
- Aalto University (FI)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2012-05-23
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 24
- Pages
- 9599-9604
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3386135
- OpenAlex
- W2114016387
- Cited by
- 538
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 48 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 36.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Aalto-Yliopisto (138145, 131483)
- FP7 Ideas: European Research Council (232946)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Action Observation and Synchronization
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- inter-subject correlation, neuronal synchronization, emotion perception, emotional valence, emotional arousal, social interaction, default mode network, attentional networks, corticolimbic circuits, interpersonal understanding, shared emotions
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Emotions, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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