Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures.

Nummenmaa, Lauri; Hyönä, Jukka; Calvo, Manuel G.

doi:10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.257

Cited by 454Visual Attention and Saliency DetectionNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesGaze Tracking and Assistive Technology

Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures.

Nummenmaa, Lauri, Hyönä, Jukka, Calvo, Manuel G.·2006·Emotion

DOI 10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.257

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Abstract

The eye-tracking method was used to assess attentional orienting to and engagement on emotional visual scenes. In Experiment 1, unpleasant, neutral, or pleasant target pictures were presented simultaneously with neutral control pictures in peripheral vision under instruction to compare pleasantness of the pictures. The probability of first fixating an emotional picture, and the frequency of subsequent fixations, were greater than those for neutral pictures. In Experiment 2, participants were instructed to avoid looking at the emotional pictures, but these were still more likely to be fixated first and gazed longer during the first-pass viewing than neutral pictures. Low-level visual features cannot explain the results. It is concluded that overt visual attention is captured by both unpleasant and pleasant emotional content.

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Numerous independent studies have established that highly arousing events catch both covert and overt attention.
“However, numerous independent studies have established that highly arousing events catch both the covert and overt attention (34,35).”
From Emotions promote social interaction by synchronizing brain activity across individuals (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
Orienting gaze to motivationally-relevant stimuli is largely involuntary in free viewing.
“suggesting that orienting gaze to motivationally-relevant stimuli is largely involuntary in this viewing context.”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa et al., 2006
Fixation time over extended viewing appears to reflect mostly top-down, endogenous control of attention.
“Fixation time over extended viewing appears to reflect mostly top-down, endogenous control of attention.”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa, et al., 2006
Emotional stimuli can undermine endogenous control in the initial maintenance of gaze, but such stimulus-driven effects appear to wane quickly in the later maintenance of gaze.
“Whereas emotional stimuli can undermine endogenous control in the initial maintenance of gaze, such stimulus-driven effects appear to wane quickly in the later maintenance of gaze (Nummenmaa, et al., 2006).”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa, et al., 2006
Previous research suggests that orienting to an emotional image in this task context is largely unaffected by contrary instructions to look at an accompanying neutral image.
“However, previous research suggests that orienting to an emotional image in this task context is largely unaffected by contrary instructions to look at an accompanying neutral image (Nummenmaa et al., 2006).”
From Eye tracking of attention in the affective disorders: a meta-analytic review and synthesis (2012) · cites this paper as Nummenmaa et al., 2006

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Authors: Nummenmaa, L., Hyönä, J., & Calvo, M. G.
Affiliations: University of Turku (FI)
Universidad de La Laguna (ES)
ORCID: Nummenmaa, Lauri
Hyönä, Jukka
Calvo, Manuel G.
Venue: Emotion
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2006
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Pages: 257-268
ISSN: 1528-3542 (ISSN-L)
1931-1516
DOI: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.2.257
OpenAlex: W2080080403
Cited by: 454
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 29
FWCI: 16.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Emotion (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (SEJ2004-00420)
European Commission
Suomen Akatemia
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology
Keywords: attentional capture, emotional pictures, attentional orienting, eye movements, emotional valence, unpleasantness, visual attention, gaze duration, peripheral vision
MeSH terms: Adult, Affect, Arousal, Attention, Female, Fixation, Ocular, Humans, Male, Saccades, Visual Perception, Signal Detection, Psychological

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Eye movement assessment of selective attentional capture by emotional pictures.

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