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DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China
Open accessAbstract
Hominins with morphology similar to present-day humans appear in the fossil record across Eurasia between 40,000 and 50,000 y ago. The genetic relationships between these early modern humans and present-day human populations have not been established. We have extracted DNA from a 40,000-y-old anatomically modern human from Tianyuan Cave outside Beijing, China. Using a highly scalable hybridization enrichment strategy, we determined the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genome, the entire nonrepetitive portion of chromosome 21 (∼30 Mbp), and over 3,000 polymorphic sites across the nuclear genome of this individual. The nuclear DNA sequences determined from this early modern human reveal that the Tianyuan individual derived from a population that was ancestral to many present-day Asians and Native Americans but postdated the divergence of Asians from Europeans. They also show that this individual carried proportions of DNA variants derived from archaic humans similar to present-day people in mainland Asia.
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“We evaluated each individual for evidence of authentic ancient DNA by limiting to libraries with a minimum of 3% cytosine-to-thymine errors at the final nucleotide29, by requiring that the ratio of X-to-Y-chromosome sequences was characteristic of either a male or a female, by requiring >95% matching to the consensus sequence of mitochondrial DNA30, and by requiring (for males) a lack of variation”
From Ancient DNA from Chalcolithic Israel reveals the role of population mixture in cultural transformation (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“We assessed the quality of each library at the screening stage using three standard methods for determining ancient DNA authenticity.”
From Ancient DNA from Chalcolithic Israel reveals the role of population mixture in cultural transformation (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
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“であった（表 4 および表 5）。この数値は，これまでの 古代ゲノム研究で得られている汚染率と概ね違いはない （e.g. Sánchez-Quinto et al., 2012; Fu et al., 2013）。また推 定された汚染率は，DNA 末端を N に変換する数にほと んど影響されなかった（N = 3 と N = 7 の時それぞれ， 1.615% と 1.563%，4.545% と 4.545%）。 下本山 4 号のコンタミネーションについて 下本山 4 号からも 4 千本を超えるミトコンドリア DNA のリードが得られている。そこでその汚染源を推…”
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Slab Grave expansion disrupted long co-existence of distinct Bronze Age herders in central Mongolia
Lee, J., Brosseder, U. B., Moon, H., Stahl, R., Semerau, L., Gantulga, J.-O., Magail, J., Bemmann, J., Yeruul-Erdene, C., Warinner, C., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-63789-1 · Cited by 2
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“We captured the whole mitochondrial genome with mtDNA probes 54 and 1.2 million SNPs (the “1240k” panel) for nuclear DNA.”
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Ancient genomes provide insight into the Paleolithic-to-Neolithic transition in northern East Asia
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Female bone physiology resilience in a past Polynesian Outlier community
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“The genetic sex was inferred using two independent methods: 1) The number of reads covering each position was counted across a total of around 1.24 million genome-wide SNP positions [94, 95, 96] and subsequently averaged for each sex chromosome and all autosomal ones.”
MethodInfluentialPrehistoric Migration of Homo sapiens in the Ryukyu Islands
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Biological and Cultural Evolution
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Bioarchaeology of China: Bridging Biological and Archaeological Inquiries
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Influence of the Silk Road Trade on the Craniofacial Morphology of Populations in Central Asia
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“6 million years ago and anatomically modern humans expanding into 72 this area at least 50 thousand years ago (kya)[1-3].”
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“In the method developed by the Pääbo team, deamination is the main criterion for identifying aDNA fragments 19,20,21,22,23,24 .”
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Skourtanioti, E., Jia, X., Tavartkiladze, N., Bitadze, L., Shengelia, R., Tushabramishvili, N., Neumann, G. U., Bianco, R. A., Mötsch, A., Prüfer, K., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.06.11.597880 · Cited by 2
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“…DNA (aDNA) from humans across Asia and Siberia reveal a diverse genetic landscape before the Holocene that differentially impacted present-day Asian and Native American populations (Fu et al. 2013, Raghavan et al. 2014, Yang et al. 2017, Lipson et al. 2018, McColl et al. 2018, Wang et al. 2021).”
Performance of Two Custom Probe Kits for In‐Solution Enrichment of Ancient Avian DNA
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Human evolution, migration, and adaptation in the Last Glacial environments
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Unveiling the complexity of post-Roman polity formation in Pannonia using ancient DNA
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What Uniparental Lineages Tell Us About the Prehistoric Human Colonization of the Americas
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Tracing the origin of our species through palaeogenomics
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Moderní chemická analýza v archeologii, I. díl
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fu, Q., Meyer, M., Gao, X., Stenzel, U., Burbano, H. A., Kelso, J., & Pääbo, S.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology (DE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-01-22
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2223-2227
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3568306
- OpenAlex
- W2149683346
- Cited by
- 608
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 17
- FWCI
- 27.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- early modern humans, ancient DNA, mitochondrial genome, nuclear genome, chromosome 21, archaic admixture, Asian ancestry, Native American ancestry
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, China, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21, DNA, Mitochondrial, Fossils, Genetics, Population, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Hominidae, Gene Library, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Asian People, History, Ancient, Phylogeography
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