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DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China
Open accessAbstract
Hominins with morphology similar to present-day humans appear in the fossil record across Eurasia between 40,000 and 50,000 y ago. The genetic relationships between these early modern humans and present-day human populations have not been established. We have extracted DNA from a 40,000-y-old anatomically modern human from Tianyuan Cave outside Beijing, China. Using a highly scalable hybridization enrichment strategy, we determined the DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genome, the entire nonrepetitive portion of chromosome 21 (∼30 Mbp), and over 3,000 polymorphic sites across the nuclear genome of this individual. The nuclear DNA sequences determined from this early modern human reveal that the Tianyuan individual derived from a population that was ancestral to many present-day Asians and Native Americans but postdated the divergence of Asians from Europeans. They also show that this individual carried proportions of DNA variants derived from archaic humans similar to present-day people in mainland Asia.
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“We evaluated each individual for evidence of authentic ancient DNA by limiting to libraries with a minimum of 3% cytosine-to-thymine errors at the final nucleotide29, by requiring that the ratio of X-to-Y-chromosome sequences was characteristic of either a male or a female, by requiring >95% matching to the consensus sequence of mitochondrial DNA30, and by requiring (for males) a lack of variation”
From Ancient DNA from Chalcolithic Israel reveals the role of population mixture in cultural transformation (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
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“We assessed the quality of each library at the screening stage using three standard methods for determining ancient DNA authenticity.”
From Ancient DNA from Chalcolithic Israel reveals the role of population mixture in cultural transformation (2018) · cites this paper as [30]
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“Because none of the sequences aligned to the mitochondrial genome of bear, we enriched the sequencing libraries for mitochondrial sequences using hybridization capture (22, 23).”
MethodSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Fu, Q., Meyer, M., Gao, X., Stenzel, U., Burbano, H. A., Kelso, J., & Pääbo, S.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (DE)
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology (DE)
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2013-01-22
- Volume
- 110
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2223-2227
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC3568306
- OpenAlex
- W2149683346
- Cited by
- 608
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 64 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 17
- FWCI
- 27.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) (submittedVersion)
- MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Keywords
- early modern humans, ancient DNA, mitochondrial genome, nuclear genome, chromosome 21, archaic admixture, Asian ancestry, Native American ancestry
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Base Sequence, China, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21, DNA, Mitochondrial, Fossils, Genetics, Population, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, Phylogeny, Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid, Hominidae, Gene Library, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Asian People, History, Ancient, Phylogeography
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