Self-organization of axial polarity, inside-out layer pattern, and species-specific progenitor dynamics in human ES cell–derived neocortex

Cerebral organoids model human brain development and microcephaly

Lancaster, M. A., Renner, M., Martin, C.-A., Wenzel, D., Bicknell, L. S., Hurles, M. E., Homfray, T., Penninger, J. M., Jackson, A. P., & Knoblich, J. A. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature12517 · Cited by 5,372

A ROCK inhibitor permits survival of dissociated human embryonic stem cells

Watanabe, K., Ueno, M., Kamiya, D., Nishiyama, A., Matsumura, M., Wataya, T., Takahashi, J. B., Nishikawa, S., Nishikawa, S.-I., Muguruma, K., et al. (2007) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt1310 · Cited by 2,055

Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex

Molyneaux, B. J., Arlotta, P., Menezes, J. R. L., & Macklis, J. D. (2007) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2151 · Cited by 1,704

Self-Organized Formation of Polarized Cortical Tissues from ESCs and Its Active Manipulation by Extrinsic Signals

Eiraku, M., Watanabe, K., Matsuo-Takasaki, M., Kawada, M., Yonemura, S., Matsumura, M., Wataya, T., Nishiyama, A., Muguruma, K., & Sasai, Y. (2008) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.09.002 · Cited by 1,522

Self-formation of optic cups and storable stratified neural retina from human ESCs

Nakano, T., Ando, S., Takata, N., Kawada, M., Muguruma, K., Sekiguchi, K., Saito, K., Yonemura, S., Eiraku, M., & Sasai, Y. (2012) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.009 · Cited by 1,447

Neurogenic radial glia in the outer subventricular zone of human neocortex

Hansen, D. V., Lui, J. H., Parker, P. R. L., & Kriegstein, A. R. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature08845 · Cited by 1,388

Neurons in Rhesus Monkey Visual Cortex: Systematic Relation between Time of Origin and Eventual Disposition

Rakic, P. (1974) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.183.4123.425 · Cited by 1,161

Development of the human cerebral cortex: Boulder Committee revisited

Bystron, I., Blakemore, C., & Rakic, P. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2252 · Cited by 977

Developmental history of the transient subplate zone in the visual and somatosensory cortex of the macaque monkey and human brain

Kostović, I., & RAKIC, P. T. (1990) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902970309 · Cited by 912

OSVZ progenitors of human and ferret neocortex are epithelial-like and expand by integrin signaling

Fietz, S. A., Kelava, I., Vogt, J., Wilsch-Bräuninger, M., Stenzel, D., Fish, J. L., Corbeil, D., Riehn, A., Distler, W., Nitsch, R., et al. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2553 · Cited by 830

Engineering three dimensional micro nerve tissue using postnatal stem cells from human dental apical papilla

Kim, B., Jun, S., Kim, S. Y., Kwon, Y., Choe, S. C., Kim, E., Lee, J., Kim, J., Suh, J. F., & Hwang, Y. (2016) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.26205 · Cited by 27

The future of cerebral organoids in drug discovery

Salick, M. R., Lubeck, E., Riesselman, A., & Kaykas, A. (2021) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.024 · Cited by 29

Functional Neural Networks in Human Brain Organoids

Gu, L., Cai, H., Chen, L., Gu, M., Tchieu, J. H., & Guo, F. (2024) · BME Frontiers · doi:10.34133/bmef.0065 · Cited by 29

Advances in Reprogramming-Based Study of Neurologic Disorders

Nityanandam, A., & Baldwin, K. K. (2015) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2015.0044 · Cited by 25

Taming human brain organoids one cell at a time

Atamian, A., Cordón-Barris, L., & Quadrato, G. (2020) · Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.05.022 · Cited by 26

Unraveling Human Brain Development and Evolution Using Organoid Models

Fernandes, S., Klein, D., & Marchetto, M. C. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.737429 · Cited by 27

Interfacing brain organoids with precision medicine and machine learning

Zheng, H., Feng, Y., Tang, J., & Ma, S. (2022) · Cell Reports Physical Science · doi:10.1016/j.xcrp.2022.100974 · Cited by 26

Rapid and robust directed differentiation of mouse epiblast stem cells into definitive endoderm and forebrain organoids

Medina-Cano, D., Corrigan, E. K., Glenn, R. A., Islam, M. T., Lin, Y., Kim, J., Cho, H., & Vierbuchen, T. (2022) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.200561 · Cited by 26

BOMA, a machine-learning framework for comparative gene expression analysis across brains and organoids

He, C., Kalafut, N. C., Sandoval, S. O., Risgaard, R. D., Sirois, C. L., Yang, C., Khullar, S., Suzuki, M., Huang, X., Chang, Q., et al. (2023) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100409 · Cited by 25

Retinal and Brain Organoids: Bridging the Gap Between in vivo Physiology and in vitro Micro-Physiology for the Study of Alzheimer’s Diseases

Brighi, C., Cordella, F., Chiriatti, L., Soloperto, A., & Angelantonio, S. D. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2020.00655 · Cited by 25

Modeling Neuropsychiatric and Neurodegenerative Diseases With Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

LaMarca, E. A., Powell, S. K., Akbarian, S., & Brennand, K. (2018) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2018.00082 · Cited by 29

Cell-Biological Requirements for the Generation of Dentate Gyrus Granule Neurons

Hatami, M., Conrad, S., Naghsh, P., Álvarez-Bolado, G., & Skutella, T. (2018) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2018.00402 · Cited by 26

Three-dimensional in vitro tissue culture models of brain organoids

Gong, J., Meng, T., Yang, J., Hu, N., Zhao, H., & Tian, T. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113619 · Cited by 23

Application of Airy beam light sheet microscopy to examine early neurodevelopmental structures in 3D hiPSC-derived human cortical spheroids

Adhya, D., Chennell, G., Crowe, J. A., Valencia-Alarcón, E. P., Seyforth, J., Hosny, N. A., Yasvoina, M. V., Forster, R., Baron‐Cohen, S., Vernon, A. C., et al. (2021) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-021-00413-1 · Cited by 25

Brain Organoids: Studying Human Brain Development and Diseases in a Dish

Xu, J., & Wen, Z. (2021) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2021/5902824 · Cited by 25

Modeling Developmental Brain Diseases Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells-Derived Brain Organoids – Progress and Perspective

Bhattacharya, A., Choi, W. W. Y., Muffat, J., & Li, Y. (2021) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167386 · Cited by 24

Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease Using Human Brain Organoids

Karmirian, K., Holubiec, M. I., Goto‐Silva, L., Bessone, I. F., Vitória, G., Mello, B., Alloatti, M., Vanderborght, B., Falzone, T. L., & Rehen, S. K. (2022) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-2655-9_7 · Cited by 25

Modeling Autism Spectrum Disorders with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Brain Organoids

Santos, J. L. D. S., Araújo, C. D. A., Rocha, C. A. G., Costa‐Ferro, Z. S. M., & Souza, B. S. D. F. (2023) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom13020260 · Cited by 29

Functional properties of in vitro excitatory cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells

Livesey, M. R., Magnani, D., Hardingham, G. E., Chandran, S., & Wyllie, D. J. A. (2015) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp270660 · Cited by 24

Using mouse transgenic and human stem cell technologies to model genetic mutations associated with schizophrenia and autism

Clair, D. S., & Johnstone, M. (2018) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2017.0037 · Cited by 24

Human iPSC-derived microglial cells protect neurons from neurodegeneration in long-term cultured adhesion brain organoids

Chen, X., Sun, G., Feng, L., Tian, E., & Shi, Y. (2025) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-07401-0 · Cited by 23

Early spinal cord development: from neural tube formation to neurogenesis

Saade, M., & Martı́, E. (2025) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-025-00906-5 · Cited by 26

Astrocyte-secreted cues promote neural maturation and augment activity in human forebrain organoids

Zheng, H., Feng, Y., Tang, J., Yu, F., Wang, Z., Xu, J., Hai, C., Jiang, M., Cheng, Y., Shao, Z., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-58295-3 · Cited by 31

An On‐Chip Method for Long‐Term Growth and Real‐Time Imaging of Brain Organoids

Karzbrun, E., Tshuva, R. Y., & Reiner, O. (2018) · Current Protocols in Cell Biology · doi:10.1002/cpcb.62 · Cited by 23

Neuronal differentiation strategies: insights from single-cell sequencing and machine learning

Konstantinides, N., & Desplan, C. (2020) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.193631 · Cited by 23

Mass Generation, Neuron Labeling, and 3D Imaging of Minibrains

Govindan, S., Batti, L., Osterop, S. F., Stoppini, L., & Roux, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2020.582650 · Cited by 25

WWOX-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Models and Future Perspectives

Steinberg, D. J., & Aqeilan, R. I. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10113082 · Cited by 22

Effects of spike protein and toxin-like peptides found in COVID-19 patients on human 3D neuronal/glial model undergoing differentiation: Possible implications for SARS-CoV-2 impact on brain development

Pistollato, F., Petrillo, M., Clerbaux, L., Leoni, G., Ponti, J., Bogni, A., Brogna, C., Cristoni, S., Sanges, R., Gyves, E. M., et al. (2022) · Reproductive Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.011 · Cited by 24

Human brain organoids to explore SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced effects on the central nervous system

Ostermann, P. N., & Schaal, H. (2023) · Reviews in Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/rmv.2430 · Cited by 23

An expandable embryonic stem cell-derived Purkinje neuron progenitor population that exhibits in vivo maturation in the adult mouse cerebellum

Higuera, G. A., Iaffaldano, G., Bedar, M., Shpak, G., Broersen, R., Munshi, S. T., Dupont, C., Gribnau, J. H., de Vrij, F. M. S., Kushner, S. A., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-09348-1 · Cited by 23

Engineering Human Brain Organoids: From Basic Research to Tissue Regeneration

Jeong, H., Jiménez-Pérez, Z. E., Mukhambetiyar, K., Seo, M., Choi, J.-W., & Park, T. (2020) · Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine · doi:10.1007/s13770-020-00250-y · Cited by 23

Organoid intelligence for developmental neurotoxicity testing

Din, D. A. E., Shin, J., Lysinger, A., Roos, M. J., Johnson, E. C., Shafer, T. J., Härtung, T., & Smirnova, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2024.1480845 · Cited by 25

Altered extracellular matrix structure and elevated stiffness in a brain organoid model for disease

Zur, M. K., Bhattacharya, B., Solomonov, I., Dror, S. B., Savidor, A., Levin, Y., Prior, A., Sapir, T., Harris, T., Olender, T., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-59252-w · Cited by 23

Human stem cell models of dementia

Livesey, F. J. (2014) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddu302 · Cited by 22

One Step Into the Future: New iPSC Tools to Advance Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Neurological Disorders

Mohamed, N., Larroquette, F., Beitel, L. K., Fon, E. A., & Durcan, T. M. (2019) · Journal of Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.3233/jpd-181515 · Cited by 23

Pre-clinical Investigation of Rett Syndrome Using Human Stem Cell-Based Disease Models

Haase, F., Coorey, B., Riley, L. G., Cantrill, L. C., Tam, P., & Gold, W. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.698812 · Cited by 22

Human Brain Organoid: A Versatile Tool for Modeling Neurodegeneration Diseases and for Drug Screening

Ma, C., Seong, H., Li, X., Yu, X., Xu, S., & Li, Y. (2022) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2022/2150680 · Cited by 25

Generation of human region-specific brain organoids with medullary spinal trigeminal nuclei

Pang, W., Zhu, J., Yang, K., Zhu, X., Zhou, W., Jiang, L., Zhuang, X., Liu, Y., Wei, J., Lu, X., et al. (2024) · Cell stem cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2024.08.004 · Cited by 21

Stem cells and genome editing: approaches to tissue regeneration and regenerative medicine

Takata, N., & Eiraku, M. (2017) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/s10038-017-0348-0 · Cited by 23

Organoids for Modeling Genetic Diseases

Pérez-Lanzón, M., Kroemer, G., & Maiuri, M. C. (2018) · International review of cytology · doi:10.1016/bs.ircmb.2017.12.006 · Cited by 24

Modeling epigenetic modifications in renal development and disease with organoids and genome editing

del Pozo, C. H., Garreta, E., Belmonte, J. C. I., & Montserrat, N. (2018) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.035048 · Cited by 23

Molecular drivers of human cerebral cortical evolution

Suzuki, I. (2019) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/j.neures.2019.05.007 · Cited by 22

Cerebral Organoids—Challenges to Establish a Brain Prototype

Валерьевич, Е. А., Lebedeva, O. S., Bogomiakova, M. E., Lagarkova, M. A., & Bogomazova, A. N. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10071790 · Cited by 23

FGF8-mediated gene regulation affects regional identity in human cerebral organoids

Bertacchi, M., Maharaux, G., Loubat, A., Jung, M., & Studer, M. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.98096 · Cited by 21

Brain Organoids and Assembloids—From Disease Modeling to Drug Discovery

Ajongbolo, A. O., & Langhans, S. A. (2025) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells14110842 · Cited by 25

Metabolic interactions in the brain: the crucial roles of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in health and disease

Pang, Y., Yang, J., Liu, J., Xie, Z., & Wang, J. (2026) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2026.1731771 · Cited by 24

CNS disease models with human pluripotent stem cells in the CRISPR age

Muffat, J., Li, Y., & Jaenisch, R. (2016) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2016.10.001 · Cited by 22

Methodologies for Generating Brain Organoids to Model Viral Pathogenesis in the CNS

Hopkins, H. K., Traverse, E. M., & Barr, K. L. (2021) · Pathogens · doi:10.3390/pathogens10111510 · Cited by 21

Internet-Connected Cortical Organoids for Project-Based Stem Cell and Neuroscience Education

Elliott, M. A. T., Schweiger, H. E., Robbins, A., Vera-Choqqueccota, S., Ehrlich, D., Hernandez, S., Voitiuk, K., Geng, J., Sevetson, J. L., Core, C., et al. (2023) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0308-23.2023 · Cited by 20

Characterization of enhancer activity in early human neurodevelopment using Massively Parallel Reporter Assay (MPRA) and forebrain organoids

Capauto, D., Wang, Y., Wu, F., Norton, S., Mariani, J., Inoue, F., Crawford, G. E., Ahituv, N., Abyzov, A. S., & Vaccarino, F. M. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-54302-7 · Cited by 22

The Case Against Organoid Consciousness

Croxford, J., & Bayne, T. (2024) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-024-09548-3 · Cited by 24

Brain organoids: A new tool for modelling of neurodevelopmental disorders

Aili, Y., Maimaitiming, N., Wang, Z., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/jcmm.18560 · Cited by 24

Aberrant pace of cortical neuron development in brain organoids from patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome-associated schizophrenia

Rao, S. B., Sun, Z., Brundu, F. G., Chen, Y., Sun, Y., Zhu, H., Shprintzen, R. J., Tomer, R., Rabadán, R., Leong, K. W., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-62187-x · Cited by 25

Self‐organization of neural tissue architectures from pluripotent stem cells

Karus, M., Blaess, S., & Brüstle, O. (2014) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23608 · Cited by 23

Application of induced pluripotent stem cells to understand neurobiological basis of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

Liu, Y., Lu, S., & Yao, J. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12528 · Cited by 22

Engineering Prostate Cancer from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells—New Opportunities to Develop Preclinical Tools in Prostate and Prostate Cancer Studies

Hepburn, A. C., Sims, C., Buskin, A., & Heer, R. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21030905 · Cited by 22

Next-Generation Human Cerebral Organoids as Powerful Tools To Advance NeuroHIV Research

Premeaux, T. A., Mediouni, S., Léda, A. R., O’Brien, R. L. F., Valente, S. T., Fine, H. A., Nixon, D. F., & Ndhlovu, L. C. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.00680-21 · Cited by 22

Single-cell multiomics atlas of organoid development uncovers longitudinal molecular programs of cellular diversification of the human cerebral cortexPreprint

Uzquiano, A., Kedaigle, A. J., Pigoni, M., Paulsen, B. D. S., Adiconis, X., Kim, K., Faits, T., Nagaraja, S., Antón-Bolaños, N., Gerhardinger, C., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.17.484798 · Cited by 21

Toward the formation of neural circuits in human brain organoids

Seto, Y., & Eiraku, M. (2019) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2019.07.010 · Cited by 20

Neural Organoids, a Versatile Model for Neuroscience

Lee, J., & Sun, W. (2022) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.14348/molcells.2022.2019 · Cited by 22

What Makes Organoids Good Models of Human Neurogenesis?

Yang, Q., Hong, Y., Zhao, T., Song, H., & Ming, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.872794 · Cited by 26

Brain Regional Identity and Cell Type Specificity Landscape of Human Cortical Organoid Models

Magni, M., Bossi, B., Conforti, P., Galimberti, M., Dezi, F., Lischetti, T., He, X., Barker, R., Zuccato, C., Espuny-Camacho, I., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms232113159 · Cited by 22

Modulation of neuronal activity in cortical organoids with bioelectronic delivery of ions and neurotransmitters

Park, Y., Hernandez, S., Hernandez, C. O., Schweiger, H. E., Li, H., Voitiuk, K., Dechiraju, H., Hawthorne, N., Muzzy, E. M., Selberg, J. A., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports Methods · doi:10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100686 · Cited by 25

Microinstrumentation for Brain Organoids

Patel, D., Shetty, S., Acha, C., Pantoja, I. E. M., Zhao, A., George, D., & Gracias, D. H. (2024) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202302456 · Cited by 21

The Donation of Human Biological Material for Brain Organoid Research: The Problems of Consciousness and Consent

Kataoka, M., Gyngell, C., Savulescu, J., & Sawai, T. (2024) · Science and Engineering Ethics · doi:10.1007/s11948-024-00471-7 · Cited by 20

In vitro and in silico Models to Study Mosquito-Borne Flavivirus Neuropathogenesis, Prevention, and Treatment

Chesnut, M., Munoz-Arcos, L. S., Harris, G., Freeman, D. M., Gama, L., Pardo, C. A., & Pamies, D. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2019.00223 · Cited by 21

Mouse induced pluripotent stem cells-derived Alzheimer’s disease cerebral organoid culture and neural differentiation disorders

Fan, W., Yizheng, S., Shi, Z., Wang, H., & Deng, J. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2019.134433 · Cited by 21

Modeling Down syndrome in cells: From stem cells to organoids

Gough, G., O’Brien, N. L., Alić, I., Goh, P. A., Yeap, Y. J., Groet, J., Nižetić, D., & Murray, A. (2019) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.10.003 · Cited by 21

Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders for Studying the Biomedical Implications of Autophagy

Seranova, E., Palhegyi, A. M., Verma, S., Dimova, S., Lasry, R., Naama, M., Sun, C., Barrett, T. G., Rosenstock, T. R., Kumar, D., et al. (2020) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.024 · Cited by 20

Human iPSC-Derived Glia as a Tool for Neuropsychiatric Research and Drug Development

Heider, J., Vogel, S., Volkmer, H., & Breitmeyer, R. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms221910254 · Cited by 23

Neuronal lineage tracing from progenitors in human cortical organoids reveals mechanisms of neuronal production, diversity, and disease

Bury, L. A. D., Fu, S., & Wynshaw-Boris, A. J. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114862 · Cited by 19

Physiological Electric Field: A Potential Construction Regulator of Human Brain Organoids

Yu, X., Meng, X., Pei, Z., Wang, G., Liu, R., Qi, M., Zhou, J., & Wang, F. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23073877 · Cited by 18

Molecular mechanisms of corpus callosum development: a four-step journey

Gavrish, M. S., Kustova, A. O., Suescún, J. C. C., Bessa, P., Mitina, N. N., & Tarabykin, V. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2023.1276325 · Cited by 23

Concise Review: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models for Neuropsychiatric Diseases

Adegbola, A. A., Bury, L. A. D., Fu, C. S., Zhang, M., & Wynshaw-Boris, A. J. (2017) · Stem Cells Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/sctm.17-0150 · Cited by 21

A deep learning approach to predict differentiation outcomes in hypothalamic-pituitary organoids

Asano, T., Suga, H., Niioka, H., Yukawa, H., Sakakibara, M., Taga, S., Soen, M., Miwata, T., Sasaki, H., Seki, T., et al. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-07109-1 · Cited by 18

Two- and Three-Dimensional In Vitro Models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s Diseases: State-of-the-Art and Applications

Solana‐Manrique, C., Sánchez‐Pérez, A. M., Paricio, N., & Muñoz‐Descalzo, S. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26020620 · Cited by 21

Generation of Neural Organoids and Their Application in Disease Modeling and Regenerative Medicine

Huang, R., Gao, F., Yu, L., Chen, H., & Zhu, R. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202501198 · Cited by 20

Modeling neurodevelopment in a dish with pluripotent stem cells

Imaizumi, K., & Okano, H. (2020) · Development Growth & Differentiation · doi:10.1111/dgd.12699 · Cited by 16

Hypothalamic–pituitary organoid generation through the recapitulation of organogenesis

Ozaki, H., Suga, H., & Arima, H. (2021) · Development Growth & Differentiation · doi:10.1111/dgd.12719 · Cited by 17

iPSC toolbox for understanding and repairing disrupted brain circuits in autism

Chiola, S., Edgar, N. U., & Shcheglovitov, A. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-021-01288-7 · Cited by 18

Cortical Organoids to Model Microcephaly

Farcy, S., Albert, A., Gressèns, P., Baffet, A. D., & Ghouzzi, V. E. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11142135 · Cited by 20

Single-cell genomic analysis of human cerebral organoids

Kanton, S., Treutlein, B., & Camp, J. G. (2020) · Methods in cell biology · doi:10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.03.013 · Cited by 18

Evodiamine derivatives improve cognitive abilities in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease

Pang, S., Sun, C., Gao, S., Yang, Y., Pan, X., & Zhang, L. (2020) · Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1002/ame2.12126 · Cited by 18

Brain Organoids: Tiny Mirrors of Human Neurodevelopment and Neurological Disorders

Yadav, A., Seth, B., & Chaturvedi, R. K. (2020) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858420943192 · Cited by 19

Cerebral Organoids with Integrated Endothelial Networks Emulate the Neurovascular Unit and Mitigate Core Necrosis

Navarro, J. F., Crilly, S., Chan, W. K., Browne, S., Mason, J. O., Vallejo‐Giraldo, C., Pandit, A. S., & Lomora, M. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202507256 · Cited by 21

Generating a self-organizing kidney from pluripotent cells

Little, M. H., & Takasato, M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation · doi:10.1097/mot.0000000000000174 · Cited by 17

Toward Studying Cognition in a Dish

Rouleau, N., Murugan, N. J., & Kaplan, D. L. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2021.01.005 · Cited by 19

Advances in neural organoid systems and their application in neurotoxicity testing of environmental chemicals

Zheng, Y., Zhang, F., Xu, S., & Wu, L. (2021) · Genes and Environment · doi:10.1186/s41021-021-00214-1 · Cited by 17

Modelling Alzheimer's disease using human brain organoids: current progress and challenges

Yanakiev, M., Soper, O., Berg, D. A., & Kang, E. (2022) · Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1017/erm.2022.40 · Cited by 17

A simplified protocol for the generation of cortical brain organoids

Eigenhuis, K. N., Somsen, H. B., van der Kroeg, M., Smeenk, H., Korporaal, A. L., Kushner, S. A., de Vrij, F. M. S., & van den Berg, D. L. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2023.1114420 · Cited by 19

Human brain microphysiological systems in the study of neuroinfectious disorders

Barreras, P., Pamies, D., Härtung, T., & Pardo, C. A. (2023) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114409 · Cited by 18

Modeling early human cortical development and evaluating neurotoxicity with a forebrain organoid system

Cao, Y., Hu, D., Cai, C., Zhou, M., Dai, P., Lai, Q., Zhang, L., Fan, Y., & Gao, Z. (2023) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122624 · Cited by 18

Importance of being Nernst: Synaptic activity and functional relevance in stem cell-derived neurons

Bradford, A. B. (2015) · World Journal of Stem Cells · doi:10.4252/wjsc.v7.i6.899 · Cited by 17

The Use of Ex Vivo Organ Cultures in Tick-Borne Virus Research

Grabowski, J. M., Offerdahl, D. K., & Bloom, M. E. (2018) · ACS Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00274 · Cited by 15

Human organoids to model the developing human neocortex in health and disease

Khakipoor, S., Crouch, E. E., & Mayer, S. (2020) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146803 · Cited by 17

In vitro modeling for inherited neurological diseases using induced pluripotent stem cells: from 2D to organoid

Nam, K. H., Yi, S. A., Jang, H. J., Han, J., & Lee, J. (2020) · Archives of Pharmacal Research · doi:10.1007/s12272-020-01260-z · Cited by 17

Developmental exposure to diesel exhaust upregulates transcription factor expression, decreases hippocampal neurogenesis, and alters cortical lamina organization: relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders

Cole, T. B., Chang, Y. C., Dao, K., Daza, R. A. M., Hevner, R. F., & Costa, L. G. (2020) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-020-09340-3 · Cited by 18

Single-Cell Atlas of Early Human Brain Development Highlights Heterogeneity of Human Neuroepithelial Cells and Early Radial GliaPreprint

Eze, U. C., Bhaduri, A., Haeussler, M., Nowakowski, T. J., & Kriegstein, A. R. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.06.981423 · Cited by 17

Advances, challenges, and opportunities of human midbrain organoids for modelling of the dopaminergic system

Fiorenzano, A., Sozzi, E., Kästli, R., Iazzetta, M. R., Bruzelius, A., Arlotta, P., & Parmar, M. (2025) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1038/s44318-025-00494-1 · Cited by 16

Asymmetric Notch activity by differential inheritance of lysosomes in human neural stem cells

Bohl, B., Jabali, A., Ladewig, J., & Koch, P. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abl5792 · Cited by 16

Self-Organized Formation of Polarized Cortical Tissues from ESCs and Its Active Manipulation by Extrinsic Signals

Eiraku, M., Watanabe, K., Matsuo-Takasaki, M., Kawada, M., Yonemura, S., Matsumura, M., Wataya, T., Nishiyama, A., Muguruma, K., & Sasai, Y. (2008) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2008.09.002 · Cited by 1,522

Self-Organization of Polarized Cerebellar Tissue in 3D Culture of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Muguruma, K., Nishiyama, A., Kawakami, H., Hashimoto, K., & Sasai, Y. (2015) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.051 · Cited by 692

Notice respecting certain phenomena of crystallization and polarization in decomposed glass

Brewster, D. (1861) · Journal of the Franklin Institute · doi:10.1016/0016-0032(61)90199-5

Self-organization of neural patterns and structures in 3D culture of stem cells

Sasai, Y. (2013) · Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE · doi:10.1117/12.2020888

Self-formation of layered neural structures in three-dimensional culture of ES cells

Eiraku, M., & Sasai, Y. (2012) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2012.02.005 · Cited by 172