The DOI matches its Crossref record; 72 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dnmt3a restrains mast cell inflammatory responses
Open accessAbstract
Significance Methylation of genomic DNA is an epigenetic modification at the interface between genetic information and environmental stimuli underlying many phenotypic variations in the human population as well as the pathogenesis of complex diseases. Accordingly, mutations in the de novo DNA methyltransferase enzyme DNMT3A have been identified in a number of diseases, including mast cell-related disorders. However, the role of DNA methylation and DNMT3A in regulating mast cell physiology still needs to be elucidated. Here, we found that Dnmt3a plays a critical role in modulating mast cell responsiveness to acute and chronic stimulation, potentially implicating DNA methylation-mediated processes in all types of mast cell-related diseases.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“enhanced mast cell activity was also seen in a mouse model of allergy 94”
From Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease (2019) · cites this paper as [94]
In the citing paper
“one study found that mast cells from mice that lacked Dnmt3a produced higher levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-13 in response to stimulation with IgE in vitro”
From Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease (2019) · cites this paper as [94]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT Method
Livak, K. J., & Schmittgen, T. D. (2001) · Methods · doi:10.1006/meth.2001.1262 · Cited by 180,860
Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data
Bolger, A. M., Lohse, M., & Usadel, B. (2014) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btu170 · Cited by 65,548
The Sequence Alignment/Map format and SAMtools
Li, H., Handsaker, B., Wysoker, A., Fennell, T., Ruan, J., Homer, N., Marth, G., Abecasis, G., Durbin, R., & 1000 Genome Project Data Processing Subgroup (2009) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btp352 · Cited by 62,041
Fast gapped-read alignment with Bowtie 2
Langmead, B., & Salzberg, S. L. (2012) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.1923 · Cited by 56,400
BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features
Quinlan, A. R., & Hall, I. M. (2010) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033 · Cited by 27,437
Model-based Analysis of ChIP-Seq (MACS)
Zhang, Y., Liu, T., Meyer, C. A., Eeckhoute, J., Johnson, D. S., Bernstein, B. E., Nusbaum, C., Myers, R. M., Brown, M., Li, W., et al. (2008) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/gb-2008-9-9-r137 · Cited by 18,386
Heinz, S., Benner, C., Spann, N., Bertolino, E., Lin, Y. C., Laslo, P., Cheng, J. X., Murre, C., Singh, H., & Glass, C. K. (2010) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.05.004 · Cited by 13,382
DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory
Bird, A. (2002) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.947102 · Cited by 7,124
Buenrostro, J. D., Giresi, P. G., Zaba, L. C., Chang, H. Y., & Greenleaf, W. J. (2013) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.2688 · Cited by 6,422
Jaenisch, R., & Bird, A. (2003) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng1089 · Cited by 6,325
Okano, M., Bell, D. W., Haber, D. A., & Li, E. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81656-6 · Cited by 6,143
GENCODE: The reference human genome annotation for The ENCODE Project
Harrow, J., Frankish, A., Gonzalez, J. M., Tapanari, E., Diekhans, M., Kokocinski, F., Aken, B. L., Barrell, D., Zadissa, A., Searle, S., et al. (2012) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.135350.111 · Cited by 4,585
GREAT improves functional interpretation of cis-regulatory regions
McLean, C. Y., Bristor, D., Hiller, M., Clarke, S. L., Schaar, B. T., Lowe, C. B., Wenger, A. M., & Bejerano, G. (2010) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.1630 · Cited by 4,502
Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality
Li, E., Bestor, T. H., & Jaenisch, R. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90611-f · Cited by 3,984
CpG islands and the regulation of transcription
Deaton, A. M., & Bird, A. (2011) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.2037511 · Cited by 3,187
Function and information content of DNA methylation
Schübeler, D. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14192 · Cited by 2,060
DNMT3A Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Ley, T. J., Ding, L., Walter, M. J., McLellan, M. D., Lamprecht, T., Larson, D. E., Kandoth, C., Payton, J. E., Baty, J., Welch, J., et al. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1005143 · Cited by 1,983
The UCSC Genome Browser database: update 2011
Fujita, P. A., Rhead, B., Zweig, A. S., Hinrichs, A. S., Karolchik, D., Cline, M., Goldman, M. J., Barber, G. P., Clawson, H., Coelho, A., et al. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkq963 · Cited by 1,843
A conditional knockout resource for the genome-wide study of mouse gene function
Skarnes, W. C., Rosen, B., West, A. P., Koutsourakis, M., Bushell, W., Iyer, V., Mujica, A. O., Thomas, M., Harrow, J., Cox, T., et al. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10163 · Cited by 1,708
Christman, J. K. (2002) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1205699 · Cited by 1,561
Identification of pre-leukaemic haematopoietic stem cells in acute leukaemia
Shlush, L. I., Zandi, S., Mitchell, A., Chen, W. C., Brandwein, J. M., Gupta, V., Kennedy, J. A., Schimmer, A. D., Schuh, A. C., Yee, K. W., et al. (2014) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature13038 · Cited by 1,443
A Critical Role for Dnmt1 and DNA Methylation in T Cell Development, Function, and Survival
Lee, P. P., Fitzpatrick, D. R., Beard, C., Jessup, H. K., Lehar, S. M., Makar, K. W., Pérez‐Melgosa, M., Sweetser, M. T., Schlissel, M. S., Nguyen, S., et al. (2001) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00227-8 · Cited by 1,282
Dnmt3a is essential for hematopoietic stem cell differentiation
Challen, G. A., Sun, D., Jeong, M., Luo, M., Jelinek, J., Berg, J. S., Bock, C., Vasanthakumar, A., Gu, H., Xi, Y., et al. (2012) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.1009 · Cited by 1,122
TET1 and hydroxymethylcytosine in transcription and DNA methylation fidelity
Williams, K., Christensen, J., Pedersen, M. T., Johansen, J. V., Cloos, P. A. C., Rappsilber, J., & Helin, K. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10066 · Cited by 1,021
Garzon, R., Liu, S., Fabbri, M., Liu, Z., Heaphy, C. E. A., Callegari, E., Schwind, S., Pang, J., Yu, J., Muthusamy, N., et al. (2009) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2008-07-170589 · Cited by 797
Chromatin state dynamics during blood formation
Lara-Astiaso, D., Weiner, A., Lorenzo-Vivas, E., Zaretsky, I., Jaitin, D. A., David, E., Keren-Shaul, H., Mildner, A., Winter, D., Jung, S., et al. (2014) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1256271 · Cited by 776
A Strategy for Probing the Function of Noncoding RNAs Finds a Repressor of NFAT
Willingham, A. T., Orth, A. P., Batalov, S., Peters, E. C., Wen, B., Aza‐Blanc, P., Hogenesch, J. B., & Schultz, P. G. (2005) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1115901 · Cited by 747
HOXB4-Induced Expansion of Adult Hematopoietic Stem Cells Ex Vivo
Antonchuk, J., Sauvageau, G., & Humphries, R. K. (2002) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00697-9 · Cited by 700
Affinity-Driven Peptide Selection of an NFAT Inhibitor More Selective Than Cyclosporin A
Aramburu, J. F., Yaffe, M. B., López‐Rodríguez, C., Cantley, L. C., Hogan, P. G., & Rao, A. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5436.2129 · Cited by 614
Grimbaldeston, M. A., Chen, C., Piliponsky, A. M., Tsai, M. M., Tam, S., & Galli, S. J. (2005) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)62055-x · Cited by 594
The DNA methyltransferase-like protein DNMT3L stimulates de novo methylation by Dnmt3a
Chedin, F. L., Lieber, M. R., & Hsieh, C. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.262443999 · Cited by 540
DNMT3A in haematological malignancies
Yang, L., Rau, R. E., & Goodell, M. A. (2015) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3895 · Cited by 525
Bruniquel, D., & Schwartz, R. H. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni887 · Cited by 460
New concepts in DNA methylation
Jeltsch, A., & Jurkowska, R. Z. (2014) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2014.05.002 · Cited by 435
DNA Methylation Dynamics during In Vivo Differentiation of Blood and Skin Stem Cells
Bock, C., Beerman, I., Lien, W., Smith, Z. D., Gu, H., Boyle, P., Gnirke, A., Fuchs, E. V., Rossi, D. J., & Meissner, A. (2012) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.06.019 · Cited by 389
Trowbridge, J. J., Snow, J. W., Kim, J., & Orkin, S. H. (2009) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2009.08.016 · Cited by 373
MacNeil, L. T., & Walhout, A. J. M. (2011) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.097378.109 · Cited by 371
Tatton‐Brown, K., Seal, S., Ruark, E., Harmer, J. E., Ramsay, E., Duarte, S. D. V., Zachariou, A., Hanks, S., O’Brien, E. M., Aksglæde, L., et al. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.2917 · Cited by 367
Sharma, S., Findlay, G. M., Bandukwala, H. S., Oberdoerffer, S., Baust, B., Li, Z., Schmidt, V. A., Hogan, P. G., Sacks, D. B., & Rao, A. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1019711108 · Cited by 296
Zhang, X., Su, J., Jeong, M., Ko, M., Huang, Y., Park, H. J., Guzman, A., Lei, Y., Huang, Y.-H., Rao, A., et al. (2016) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3610 · Cited by 258
The biology of IQGAP proteins: beyond the cytoskeleton
Hedman, A. C., Smith, J. M., & Sacks, D. B. (2015) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.15252/embr.201439834 · Cited by 245
Dnmt3a loss predisposes murine hematopoietic stem cells to malignant transformation
Mayle, A., Yang, L., Rodriguez, B., Zhou, T., Chang, E., Curry, C. V., Challen, G. A., Li, W., Wheeler, D., Rebel, V. I., et al. (2015) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2014-08-594648 · Cited by 235
DNA methylation and childhood asthma in the inner city
Yang, I. V., Pedersen, B. S., Liu, A., O’Connor, G. T., Teach, S. J., Kattan, M., Misiak, R. T., Gruchalla, R. S., Steinbach, S., Szefler, S. J., et al. (2015) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.01.025 · Cited by 235
Two novel proteins recruited by synaptonemal complex protein 1 (SYCP1) are at the centre of meiosis
Costa, Y., Speed, R. M., Öllinger, R., Alsheimer, M., Semple, C. A. M., Gautier, P. E., Maratou, K., Novak, I., Höög, C., Benavente, R., et al. (2005) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.02402 · Cited by 208
Tadokoro, Y., Ema, H., Okano, M., Li, E., & Nakauchi, H. (2007) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20060750 · Cited by 203
Rapid Demethylation of the IFN-γ Gene Occurs in Memory but Not Naive CD8 T Cells
Kersh, E. N., Fitzpatrick, D. R., Murali‐Krishna, K., Shires, J., Speck, S. H., Boss, J. M., & Ahmed, R. (2006) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.176.7.4083 · Cited by 189
DNMT3A Loss Drives Enhancer Hypomethylation in FLT3-ITD-Associated Leukemias
Yang, L., Rodriguez, B. A. T., Mayle, A., Park, H. J., Lin, X., Luo, M., Jeong, M., Curry, C. V., Kim, S.-B., Ruau, D., et al. (2016) · Cancer Cell · doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2016.05.003 · Cited by 165
Duymich, C. E., Charlet, J., Yang, X., Jones, P. A., & Liang, G. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11453 · Cited by 165
Active recruitment of DNA methyltransferases regulates interleukin 4 in thymocytes and T cells
Makar, K. W., Pérez‐Melgosa, M., Shnyreva, M., Weaver, W. M., Fitzpatrick, D. R., & Wilson, C. B. (2003) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1004 · Cited by 147
Manzotti, C. N., Tipping, H., Perry, L., Mead, K. I., Blair, P. J., Zheng, Y., & Sansom, D. M. (2002) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/1521-4141(2002010)32:10 · Cited by 142
Mast Cell Interleukin-2 Production Contributes to Suppression of Chronic Allergic Dermatitis
Hershko, A. Y., Suzuki, R., Charles, N., Álvarez‐Errico, D., Sargent, J. L., Laurence, A. D. J., & Rivera, J. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.07.013 · Cited by 141
Hoser, M., Potzner, M. R., Koch, J. M. C., Bösl, M. R., Wegner, M., & Sock, E. (2008) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00338-08 · Cited by 136
Traina, F., Visconte, V., Jankowska, A. M., Makishima, H., O’Keefe, C. L., Elson, P. J., Han, Y., Hsieh, F. H., Sekeres, M. A., Mali, R. S., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043090 · Cited by 122
Gamper, C. J., Agoston, A. T., Nelson, W. G., & Powell, J. D. (2009) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0802960 · Cited by 107
Montagner, S., Leoni, C., Emming, S., Chiara, G. D., Balestrieri, C., Barozzi, I., Piccolo, V., Togher, S., Ko, M., Rao, A., et al. (2016) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.044 · Cited by 102
Koya, J., Kataoka, K., Sato, T., Bando, M., Kato, Y., Tsuruta-Kishino, T., Kobayashi, H., Narukawa, K., Miyoshi, H., Shirahige, K., et al. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms10924 · Cited by 99
Role of NFAT Proteins in IL13 Gene Transcription in Mast Cells
Monticelli, S., Solymar, D. C., & Rao, A. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m406354200 · Cited by 98
Yu, Q., Zhou, B., Zhang, Y., Nguyen, E., Du, J., Glosson, N. L., & Kaplan, M. H. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1103803109 · Cited by 94
MiR-221 Influences Effector Functions and Actin Cytoskeleton in Mast Cells
Mayoral, R. J., Dehò, L., Rusca, N., Bartoniček, N., Saini, H. K., Enright, A. J., & Monticelli, S. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0026133 · Cited by 93
Short-term memory of danger signals and environmental stimuli in immune cells
Monticelli, S., & Natoli, G. (2013) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.2636 · Cited by 92
miR-146a and NF-κB1 Regulate Mast Cell Survival and T Lymphocyte Differentiation
Rusca, N., Dehò, L., Montagner, S., Zielinski, C. E., Sica, A., Sallusto, F., & Monticelli, S. (2012) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00824-12 · Cited by 65
Tiedemann, R. L., Putiri, E. L., Lee, J., Hlady, R. A., Kashiwagi, K., Ördög, T., Zhang, Z., Liu, C., Choi, J.-H., & Robertson, K. D. (2014) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2014.10.013 · Cited by 39
Wang, Q., Zhao, D., Xu, H., Zhou, H. J., Yang, Q., Liu, F., & Zhou, G. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123575 · Cited by 33
Fang, B., Zborowski, M., & Moore, L. R. (1999) · Cytometry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0320(19990801)36:4 · Cited by 33
Chromatin-based regulation of cytokine transcription in Th2 cells and mast cells
Monticelli, S., Lee, D. U., Nardone, J., Bolton, D. L., & Rao, A. (2005) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh329 · Cited by 27
Schepers, E., Glorieux, G., Dhondt, A., Leybaert, L., & Vanholder, R. C. (2009) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2009.07.002 · Cited by 23
Epigenetics of T lymphocytes in health and disease
Leoni, C., Vincenzetti, L., Emming, S., & Monticelli, S. (2015) · Swiss Medical Weekly · doi:10.4414/smw.2015.14191 · Cited by 23
Haenisch, B., Fröhlich, H., Herms, S., & Molderings, G. J. (2014) · Immunogenetics · doi:10.1007/s00251-014-0768-3 · Cited by 19
Mayoral, R. J., & Monticelli, S. (2010) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-60761-811-9_14 · Cited by 17
Two Functionally Distinct Subsets of Mast Cells Discriminated By IL-2–Independent CD25 Activities
Dehò, L., Leoni, C., Brodie, T. M., Montagner, S., Simone, M. C. D., Polletti, S., Barozzi, I., Natoli, G., & Monticelli, S. (2014) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1400516 · Cited by 15
Regulation of mucosal mast cell activation by short interfering RNAs targeting syntaxin4
Liu, S., Nugroho, A. E., Shudou, M., & Maeyama, K. (2011) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/icb.2011.41 · Cited by 12
Reduced DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in patients with systemic mastocytosis
Leoni, C., Montagner, S., Dehò, L., D’Antuono, R., MATTEIS, G. D., Marzano, A. V., Merante, S., Orlandi, E. M., Zanotti, R., & Monticelli, S. (2015) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/ejh.12537 · Cited by 11
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clonal hematopoiesis in human aging and disease
Jaiswal, S., & Ebert, B. L. (2019) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aan4673 · Cited by 1,156
“For example, one study found that mast cells from mice that lacked Dnmt3a produced higher amounts of IL-6, tumor necrosis factor–a, and IL-13 in response to stimulation with immunoglobulin E in vitro, and enhanced mast cell activity was also seen in a mouse model of allergy (95).”
Dorsheimer, L., Assmus, B., Rasper, T., Ortmann, C. A., Ecke, A., Abou-El-Ardat, K., Schmid, T., Brüne, B., Wagner, S., Serve, H., et al. (2019) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2018.3965 · Cited by 470
Sano, S., Oshima, K., Wang, Y., Katanasaka, Y., Sano, M., & Walsh, K. (2018) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.118.313225 · Cited by 417
Clonal haematopoiesis: connecting ageing and inflammation in cardiovascular disease
Jaiswal, S., & Libby, P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-019-0247-5 · Cited by 386
Caiado, F., Pietras, E. M., & Manz, M. G. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20201541 · Cited by 289
Metadata
- Authors
- Leoni, C., Montagner, S., Rinaldi, A., Bertoni, F., Polletti, S., Balestrieri, C., & Monticelli, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (CH)
- Institute of Oncology Research (CH)
- European Institute of Oncology (IT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2017-02-06
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- E1490-E1499
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC5338402
- OpenAlex
- W2587262629
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6
- FWCI
- 6.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Swiss National Science Foundation (156875, 164489)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Mast cells and histamine
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Asthma and respiratory diseases
- Keywords
- DNMT3A, DNA methylation, mast cells, epigenetic regulation, de novo DNA methyltransferases
- MeSH terms
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1, Decitabine, DNA Methyltransferase 3A, Animals, Azacitidine, Cells, Cultured, Dermatitis, Contact, Disease Models, Animal, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Immunoglobulin E, Interleukin-3, Mast Cells, Mutation, Oxazolone, Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis, Down-Regulation, Cell Degranulation, Mice, Knockout, DNA Methylation, ras GTPase-Activating Proteins, RNA Interference, Mastocytosis, Systemic, RNA, Small Interfering, Epigenesis, Genetic, Cell Proliferation, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
