The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Appraising the brain's energy budget
Open accessAbstract
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A default mode of brain function
Raichle, M. E., MacLeod, A. M., Snyder, A. Z., Powers, W. J., Gusnard, D. A., & Shulman, G. L. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.98.2.676 · Cited by 12,190
Self-citationNeurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal
Logothetis, N. K., Pauls, J., Augath, M., Trinath, T., & Oeltermann, A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35084005 · Cited by 6,551
Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation.
Ogawa, S., Lee, T. M., Kay, A. R., & Tank, D. W. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9868 · Cited by 6,483
An Energy Budget for Signaling in the Grey Matter of the Brain
Attwell, D., & Laughlin, S. B. (2001) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200110000-00001 · Cited by 3,543
Fox, P. T., & Raichle, M. E. (1986) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.83.4.1140 · Cited by 2,056
Self-citationNonoxidative Glucose Consumption During Focal Physiologic Neural Activity
Fox, P. T., Raichle, M. E., Mintun, M. A., & Dence, C. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3260686 · Cited by 1,796
Self-citationCortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity
Braitenberg, V., & Schüz, A. (1998) · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03733-1 · Cited by 1,178 · cited 1×
“This focus would seem reasonable, considering that greater than 80% of neurons are excitatory and greater than 90% of synapses release glutamate (6, 7).”
BackgroundThulborn, K. R., Waterton, J. C., Matthews, P. M., & Radda, G. K. (1982) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/0304-4165(82)90333-6 · Cited by 1,134
Relationship of spikes, synaptic activity, and local changes of cerebral blood flow
Lauritzen, M. (2001) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/00004647-200112000-00001 · Cited by 253
Cited by
A default mode of brain function: a brief history of an evolving idea
Raichle, M. E., & Snyder, A. Z. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.041 · Cited by 2,173
Self-citationElectrophysiological signatures of resting state networks in the human brain
Mantini, D., Perrucci, M. G., Del Gratta, C., Romani, G. L., & Corbetta, M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0700668104 · Cited by 1,938
Default-mode brain dysfunction in mental disorders: A systematic review
Broyd, S. J., Demanuele, C., Debener, S., Helps, S. K., James, C. J., & Sonuga-Barke, E. J. S. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.09.002 · Cited by 1,675
An opportunity cost model of subjective effort and task performance
Kurzban, R., Duckworth, A., Kable, J. W., & Myers, J. (2013) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x12003196 · Cited by 1,381
Default Mode Network Activity and Connectivity in Psychopathology
Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., & Ford, J. M. (2012) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143049 · Cited by 1,465
Metadata
- Authors
- Raichle, M. E., & Gusnard, D. A.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2002-07-29
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 10237-10239
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- OpenAlex
- W2101967150
- Cited by
- 876
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 1.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Appraising the brain's energy budget. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1073/pnas.172399499
- The paper
- Raichle, M. E., & Gusnard, D. A. (2002). Appraising the brain's energy budget. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.172399499
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.