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Cited by 300Poverty, Education, and Child WelfareChild Nutrition and Water AccessEarly Childhood Education and Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The impact of a poverty reduction intervention on infant brain activity

Open access
Troller-Renfree, Sonya V., Costanzo, Molly A., Duncan, Greg J., Magnuson, Katherine, Gennetian, Lisa A., Yoshikawa, Hirokazu, Halpern-Meekin, Sarah, Fox, Nathan A., Noble, Kimberly G.·2022·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI 10.1073/pnas.2115649119PMC PMC8812534
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Abstract

= 435). We hypothesized that infants in the high-cash gift group would have greater EEG power in the mid- to high-frequency bands and reduced power in a low-frequency band compared with infants in the low-cash gift group. Indeed, infants in the high-cash gift group showed more power in high-frequency bands. Effect sizes were similar in magnitude to many scalable education interventions, although the significance of estimates varied with the analytic specification. In sum, using a rigorous randomized design, we provide evidence that giving monthly unconditional cash transfers to mothers experiencing poverty in the first year of their children's lives may change infant brain activity. Such changes reflect neuroplasticity and environmental adaptation and display a pattern that has been associated with the development of subsequent cognitive skills.

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Crossref · 10.1073/pnas.2115649119

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Fig. 1. (A) Standardized mean absolute EEG power is presented separately for the high-cash and low-cash gift groups. The high-cash gift group’s means are depicted with a solid black line and the low-cash gift group’s means are depicted with a solid gray line. The power spectrum is displayed continuously with single-hertz bins on the x axis, standardized absolute power on the y axis, and with the boundaries of the preregistered theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-frequency bands delineated, demonstrating that the pattern of results is consistent across the spectra and that a small number of single-hertz bins did not unduly impact the results shown in Table 2. Because power values were standardized (z-scored) using the mean and SD of the entire n = 435 sample, the two lines are mirror images of one another. This graph is intended for illustrative purposes only and does not include adjustment for covariates; statistical testing was conducted on aggregations of single-hertz bin values within a given frequency band (e.g., theta). (B) The difference between standardized EEG absolute power (z-scores) in the high-cash vs. low-cash gift groups is depicted with a solid black line. The power spectrum is displayed continuously with single-hertz bins on the x axis, group differences in standardized on the y axis, and with the boundaries of the preregistered theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-frequency bands delineated, demonstrating that the pattern of results is consistent across the spectra and that a small number of single-hertz bins did not unduly impact the results shown in Table 2. This graph is intended for illustrative purposes only and does not include adjustment for covariates; statistical testing was conducted on aggregations of single-hertz bin values within a given frequency band (e.g., theta) and is shown in Table 2.
Fig. 1. (A) Standardized mean absolute EEG power is presented separately for the high-cash and low-cash gift groups. The high-cash gift group’s means are depicted with a solid black line and the low-cash gift group’s means are depicted with a solid gray line. The power spectrum is displayed continuously with single-hertz bins on the x axis, standardized absolute power on the y axis, and with the boundaries of the preregistered theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-frequency bands delineated, demonstrating that the pattern of results is consistent across the spectra and that a small number of single-hertz bins did not unduly impact the results shown in Table 2. Because power values were standardized (z-scored) using the mean and SD of the entire n = 435 sample, the two lines are mirror images of one another. This graph is intended for illustrative purposes only and does not include adjustment for covariates; statistical testing was conducted on aggregations of single-hertz bin values within a given frequency band (e.g., theta). (B) The difference between standardized EEG absolute power (z-scores) in the high-cash vs. low-cash gift groups is depicted with a solid black line. The power spectrum is displayed continuously with single-hertz bins on the x axis, group differences in standardized on the y axis, and with the boundaries of the preregistered theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-frequency bands delineated, demonstrating that the pattern of results is consistent across the spectra and that a small number of single-hertz bins did not unduly impact the results shown in Table 2. This graph is intended for illustrative purposes only and does not include adjustment for covariates; statistical testing was conducted on aggregations of single-hertz bin values within a given frequency band (e.g., theta) and is shown in Table 2.CC BY · PubMed Central
Fig. 2. Topographic heat maps show the distribution of absolute theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-power across the scalp for the high-cash gift group (Left) and low-cash gift group (Right). Warmer colors represent more power in each respective frequency band. Heat maps also illustrate the absence of any major artifact (e.g., remaining eye blinks). Regional differences are explored in SI Appendix, SI6. Additionally, because the EEG data are referenced to an average of the T7 and T8 electrodes, the temporal data are estimated from the surrounding electrodes for visualization purposes only.
Fig. 2. Topographic heat maps show the distribution of absolute theta-, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-power across the scalp for the high-cash gift group (Left) and low-cash gift group (Right). Warmer colors represent more power in each respective frequency band. Heat maps also illustrate the absence of any major artifact (e.g., remaining eye blinks). Regional differences are explored in SI Appendix, SI6. Additionally, because the EEG data are referenced to an average of the T7 and T8 electrodes, the temporal data are estimated from the surrounding electrodes for visualization purposes only.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. K. Magnuson Baby’s First Years (BFY). Baseline Public Data 2018-2019. Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (2020). doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR37871.v2. Deposited 16 November 2020. · DOI

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Authors
Troller-Renfree, S. V., Costanzo, M. A., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., Gennetian, L. A., Yoshikawa, H., Halpern-Meekin, S., Fox, N. A., & Noble, K. G.
Affiliations
  • Department of Biobehavioral Sciences, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
  • University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
  • University of California, Irvine (US)
  • Duke University (US)
  • New York University (US)
  • School of Human Ecology and LaFollette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
  • University of Maryland, College Park (US)
  • Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
  • Duncan, Greg J.
  • Noble, Kimberly G.
ORCID
Venue
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Publisher
National Academy of Sciences
Published
2022-01-24
Volume
119
Issue
5
ISSN
  • 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
  • 1091-6490
DOI
10.1073/pnas.2115649119
PMC
PMC8812534
OpenAlex
W4207040139
Cited by
300
References
55
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 47
FWCI
78.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • Issue Lab (Candid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • HHS | National Institutes of Health (R01HD087384, K99HD104923)
  • Annie E. Casey Foundation (214.0183)
  • Andrew and Julie Klingenstein Fund (N/A)
  • Arrow Impact (N/A)
  • Bezos Family Foundation (N/A)
  • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1185312)
  • Bill Hammack and Janice Parmelee (N/A)
  • Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Louisiana Foundation (N/A)
  • Brady Education Fund (N/A)
  • Silicon Valley Community Foundation (SVCF)/Chan Zuckerberg Initiative (2017-177918)
  • Charles and Lynn Schusterman Family Foundation (13080)
  • Child Welfare Fund (13-1624202)
  • Ester A. and Joseph Klingenstein Fund (N/A)
  • Ford Foundation (0170-0832)
  • Greater New Orleans Foundation (N/A)
  • Heising-Simons Foundation (542569)
  • Jacobs Foundation (102535)
  • JPB Foundation (1132)
  • J-Pal North America (S5341)
  • New York City Mayor's Office for Economic Research (CT1 069 20201415397)
  • Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation (RHD087384A)
  • Perigee Fund (N/A)
  • Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (75592)
  • Sherwood Foundation (4288)
  • Valhalla Foundation (N/A)
  • Weitz Family Foundation: Feed the Body, Feed the Mind, Feed the Spirit (N/A)
  • W. K. Kellogg (P3031579)
  • Three Anonymous Donors (N/A)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Development › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
  • Social Sciences › Education › Early Childhood Education and Development
Keywords
poverty reduction, unconditional cash transfers, infant brain activity, EEG spectral power, neuroplasticity, maternal poverty, early childhood, cognitive development, environmental enrichment
MeSH terms
Brain, Female, Food Supply, Humans, Income, Infant, Male, Mothers, Nutritional Status, Poverty, Rural Population

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