An extracellular Darwinian experiment with a self-duplicating nucleic acid molecule.
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Understanding a visual scene is an unsolved and daunting task, since scenes can contain a large number of objects, their properties, and interrelations. Extracting the full scene structure is therefore infeasible, but often unnecessary, since ...In modeling vision, there has been a remarkable progress in recognizing a range of scene components, but the problem of analyzing full scenes, an ultimate goal of visual perception, is still largely open. To deal with complete scenes, recent work focused ...
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In Spiegelman's experiment, Qβ phage genome replicated without selection for function lost functional sequence by fourth serial transfer; population evolved to fifth of original length but replicated 15 times faster.
“The functional sequence was lost by the fourth serial transfer. The sequence population was evolved to be mere fifth of the length of the original sequence but it was replicated 15 times faster [72].”
From Ecology and Evolution in the RNA World Dynamics and Stability of Prebiotic Replicator Systems (2017) · cites this paper as [72]
Functional sequences are usually long and their shorter mutants replicate faster, as demonstrated in Spiegelman's experiment.
“Functional sequences are usually long and their shorter mutants replicate faster, as demonstrated in Spiegelman’s experiment [72,73]”
From Ecology and Evolution in the RNA World Dynamics and Stability of Prebiotic Replicator Systems (2017) · cites this paper as [72]
In Spiegelman's RNA selection experiments, the RNA sequence shortened because shorter sequences could be replicated faster.
“The outcome of the selection experiments was the shortening of the RNA sequence, as shorter sequences could be replicated faster.”
From Towards open-ended evolution in self-replicating molecular systems (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
Even with exponential replicators, Darwinian evolution does not necessarily lead to complexification and the spontaneous emergence of new function.
“But even with exponential replicators, Darwinian evolution does not necessarily lead to complexification and the spontaneous emergence of new function, as the Spiegelman experiments made painfully clear [3].”
From Towards open-ended evolution in self-replicating molecular systems (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
Shorter RNA sequences are replicated at a higher rate than longer sequences in Spiegelman's system.
“Since shorter sequences are being replicated at a higher rate than longer sequences, shortened mutants are favored over longer sequences.”
From Towards open-ended evolution in self-replicating molecular systems (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
Successive rounds of amplification and selection led to a strong decrease in the genome size of the RNA molecules in Spiegelman's system.
“This eventually led to a strong decrease in the genome size of the RNA molecules.”
From Towards open-ended evolution in self-replicating molecular systems (2017) · cites this paper as [3]
Cites
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Konarska, M. M., & Sharp, P. A. (1989) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90917-3 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Noncanonical Amino Acids: Bringing New-to-Nature Functionalities to Biocatalysis
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Evolution of mitochondrial DNA sequences in Xenopus
Dawid, I. B. (1972) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/0012-1606(72)90051-6 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
What is adaptation by natural selection? Perspectives of an experimental microbiologist
Lenski, R. E. (2017) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006668 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Homologous Viral Interference in Aedes albopictus Cultures Chronically Infected with Sindbis Virus
Stollar, V., & Shenk, T. E. (1973) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.11.4.592-595.1973 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Quasispecies as a matter of fact: Viruses and beyond
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- Authors
- Mills, D. R., Peterson, R. L., & Spiegelman, S.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1967-07
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 217-224
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC335620
- OpenAlex
- W2112864600
- Cited by
- 648
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 11.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Profiles in Science (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Evolution and Genetic Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Origins and Evolution of Life
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
- Keywords
- Darwinian evolution, in vitro evolution, RNA self-replication, origin of life
- MeSH terms
- Coliphages, Electrophoresis, Biological Evolution, Kinetics, Molecular Weight, Phosphorus Isotopes, RNA, Viral, Ultracentrifugation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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