RAPT1, a mammalian homolog of yeast Tor, interacts with the FKBP12/rapamycin complex.
Open accessAbstract
Rapamycin is a potent immunosuppressant that blocks the G1/S transition in antigen-activated T cells and in yeast. The similar effects of rapamycin in animal cells and yeast suggest that the biochemical steps affected by rapamycin are conserved. Using a two-hybrid system we isolated mammalian clones that interact with the human FK506/rapamycin-binding protein (FKBP12) in the presence of rapamycin. Specific interactors, designated RAPT1, encode overlapping sequences homologous to yeast Tor, a putative novel phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. A region of 133 amino acids of RAPT1 is sufficient for binding to the FKBP12/rapamycin complex. The corresponding region in yeast Tor contains the serine residue that when mutated to arginine confers resistance to rapamycin. Introduction of this mutation into RAPT1 abolishes its interaction with the FKBP12/rapamycin complex.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The mTOR kinase N-lobe features a large insertion corresponding to the FKBP12-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain specific to mTORC1 among the PIKKs.
“Notably, however, the kinase N-lobe features a large insertion corresponding to the FKBP12-rapamycin binding (FRB) domain (Chen et al., 1995; Chiu et al., 1994; Vilella-Bach et al., 1999) specific to mTORC1 among the PIKKs.”
From Signal integration in the (m)TORC1 growth pathway (2018) · cites this paper as Chiu et al., 1994
Cites
The Protein Kinase Family: Conserved Features and Deduced Phylogeny of the Catalytic Domains
Hanks, S. K., Quinn, A. M., & Hunter, T. R. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3291115 · Cited by 5,040 · see citing works
Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes
Liu, J., Farmer, J. D., Lane, W. S., Friedman, J., Weissman, I., & Schreiber, S. L. (1991) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(91)90124-h · Cited by 4,116 · see citing works
A mammalian protein targeted by G1-arresting rapamycin–receptor complex
Brown, E. J., Albers, M. W., Bum Shin, T., ichikawa, K., Keith, C. T., Lane, W. S., & Schreiber, S. L. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/369756a0 · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
Targets for Cell Cycle Arrest by the Immunosuppressant Rapamycin in Yeast
Heitman, J., Movva, N. R., & Hall, M. N. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1715094 · Cited by 2,010 · see citing works
Mammalian Ras interacts directly with the serine/threonine kinase Raf.
Vojtek, A., Hollenberg, S., & Cooper, J. A. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90307-c · Cited by 1,971 · see citing works
Identification of calcineurin as a key signalling enzyme in T-lymphocyte activation
Clipstone, N. A., & Crabtree, G. R. (1992) · Nature · doi:10.1038/357695a0 · Cited by 1,635 · see citing works
Sabatini, D. M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Lui, M., Tempst, P., & Snyder, S. H. (1994) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(94)90570-3 · Cited by 1,509 · see citing works
The retinoblastoma protein associates with the protein phosphatase type 1 catalytic subunit.Preprint
Durfee, T. J., Becherer, K., Chen, P., Yeh, S. H., Yang, Y., Kilburn, A. E., Lee, W., & Elledge, S. J. (1993) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.7.4.555 · Cited by 1,451 · see citing works
Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK-506 and cyclosporin A
Flanagan, W. M., Corthésy, B., Bram, R. J., & Crabtree, G. R. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/352803a0 · Cited by 1,057 · see citing works
Kunz, J., Henríquez, R., Schneider, U., Deuter‐Reinhard, M., Movva, N. R., & Hall, M. N. (1993) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90144-f · Cited by 838 · see citing works
Calcineurin phosphatase activity in T lymphocytes is inhibited by FK 506 and cyclosporin A.
Fruman, D. A., Klee, C. B., Bierer, B. E., & Burakoff, S. J. (1992) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.89.9.3686 · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Bierer, B. E., Mattila, P. S., Standaert, R. F., Herzenberg, L. A., Burakoff, S. J., Crabtree, G. R., & Schreiber, S. L. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.23.9231 · Cited by 695 · see citing works
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase: Structure and expression of the 110 kd catalytic subunit
Hiles, I., Otsu, M., Volinia, S., Fry, M., Gout, I. T., Dhand, R., Panayotou, G., Ruiz‐Larrea, F., Thompson, A., Totty, N. F., et al. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90166-a · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Rapamycin-Induced Inhibition of the 70-Kilodalton S6 Protein Kinase
Price, D. J., Grove, J. R., Calvo, V., Avruch, J., & Bierer, B. E. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1380182 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
The immunosuppressant FK506 selectively inhibits expression of early T cell activation genes.
Tocci, M. J., Matkovich, D. A., Collier, K., Kwok, P., Dumont, F. J., Lin, S., DeGudicibus, S. J., Siekierka, J. J., Chin, J., & Hutchinson, N. I. (1989) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.143.2.718 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Liu, J., Albers, M. W., Wandless, T. J., Luan, S., Alberg, D. G., Belshaw, P. J., Cohen, P., MacKintosh, C., Klee, C. B., & Schreiber, S. L. (1992) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00131a002 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Herman, P. K., & Emr, S. D. (1990) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.10.12.6742 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Helliwell, S. B., Wagner, P., Kunz, J., Deuter‐Reinhard, M., Henríquez, R., & Hall, M. N. (1994) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.5.1.105 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Dumont, F. J., Melino, M. R., Staruch, M. J., Koprak, S., Fischer, P. A., & SIGAL, N. H. (1990) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.144.4.1418 · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Probing Immunosuppressant Action with a Nonnatural Immunophilin Ligand
Bierer, B. E., Somers, P. K., Wandless, T. J., Burakoff, S. J., & Schreiber, S. L. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1700475 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
The actions of cyclosporin A and FK506 suggest a novel step in the activation of T lymphocytes.
Mattila, P. S., Ullman, K. S., Fiering, S., Emmel, E. A., McCutcheon, M., Crabtree, G. R., & Herzenberg, L. A. (1990) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1990.tb07893.x · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Calcineurin acts in synergy with PMA to inactivate I kappa B/MAD3, an inhibitor of NF‐kappa B.
Frantz, B., Ec, N., Bren, G. D., Steffan, N. M., Paya, C. V., Kincaid, R. L., Tocci, M. J., O’Keefe, S. J., & O’Neill, E. A. (1994) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1994.tb06329.x · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Cafferkey, R., Young, P. R., McLaughlin, M. M., Bergsma, D. J., Koltin, Y., Sathe, G. M., Faucette, L. F., Eng, W.-K., Johnson, R. K., & Livi, G. P. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.10.6012-6023.1993 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
McCaffrey, P. G., Perrino, B. A., Soderling, T. R., & Rao, A. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53757-1 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
Morice, W. G., Brunn, G. J., Wiederrecht, G., Siekierka, J. J., & Abraham, R. T. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)53755-8 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Terada, N., Lucas, J. J., Szepesi, Á., Franklin, R. A., Domenico, J. M., & Gelfand, E. W. (1993) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.1041540103 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Albers, M. W., Williams, R. T., Brown, E. J., Tanaka, A., Hall, F. L., & Schreiber, S. L. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)41602-x · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Herman, P. K., & Emr, S. D. (1990) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.10.12.6742-6754.1990 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Specific interaction of the cyclophilin-cyclosporin complex with the B subunit of calcineurin
Li, W., & Handschumacher, R. E. (1993) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)85206-7 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effects of Rapamycin on Cultured Hepatocyte Proliferation and Gene Expression
Francavilla, A., Carr, B. I., Starzl, T. E., Azzarone, A., Carrieri, G., & Zeng, Q. H. (1992) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.1840150520 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
MTOR: a pharmacologic target for autophagy regulation
Kim, Y. C., & Guan, K.-L. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci73939 · Cited by 2,126 · see citing works
AMPK and TOR: The Yin and Yang of Cellular Nutrient Sensing and Growth Control
González, A., Hall, M. N., Lin, S.-C., & Hardie, D. G. (2020) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2020.01.015 · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Chen, J., Zheng, X. F., Brown, E. J., & Schreiber, S. L. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.11.4947 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Vilella-Bach, M., Nuzzi, P., Fang, Y., & Chen, J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.7.4266 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Signal-transduction cascades as targets for therapeutic intervention by natural products
Cardenas, M. E., Sanfridson, A., Cutler, N. S., & Heitman, J. (1998) · Trends in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(98)01239-6 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Enhancing autophagy in Alzheimer's disease through drug repositioning
Eshraghi, M., Ahmadi, M., Afshar, S., Lorzadeh, S., Adlimoghaddam, A., Rezvani Jalal, N., West, R., Dastghaib, S., Igder, S., Torshizi, S. R. N., et al. (2022) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108171 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Therapeutic Use of mTOR Inhibitors in Renal Diseases: Advances, Drawbacks, and Challenges
Viana, S. D., Reis, F., & Alves, R. (2018) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2018/3693625 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Wu, X., Wang, L., Han, Y., Regan, N., Li, P.-K., Villalona, M. A., Hu, X., Briesewitz, R., & Pei, D. (2011) · ACS Combinatorial Science · doi:10.1021/co200057n · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Signal integration in the (m)TORC1 growth pathway
Ramlaul, K., & Aylett, C. H. S. (2018) · Frontiers in Biology · doi:10.1007/s11515-018-1501-7 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chiu, M. I., Katz, H., & Berlin, V
- Affiliations
- Mitotix, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 1994-12-20
- Volume
- 91
- Issue
- 26
- Pages
- 12574-12578
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC45481
- OpenAlex
- W2120356140
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Fungal and yeast genetics research
- Keywords
- TOR kinase, FKBP12, rapamycin, protein-protein interaction, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, G1/S transition, T cell activation, rapamycin resistance, conserved signaling pathways, yeast homolog
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Base Sequence, Carrier Proteins, Cloning, Molecular, DNA-Binding Proteins, Heat-Shock Proteins, Molecular Sequence Data, Polyenes, Protein Binding, RNA, Messenger, Structure-Activity Relationship, Tissue Distribution, Gene Expression, Mutagenesis, Site-Directed, Sequence Alignment, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor), DNA Primers, Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases, Sirolimus, Tacrolimus Binding Proteins, Macromolecular Substances, Mice, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review