The PP2A-associated Protein α4 Plays a Critical Role in the Regulation of Cell Spreading and Migration
Open accessAbstract
Compared with kinases, the role of protein phosphatases in regulating biological functions is less well understood. Here we show that alpha4, a non-catalytic subunit of the protein phosphatase 2A, plays a major role in the control of cell spreading, migration, and cytoskeletal architecture. Fibroblasts lacking alpha4 were impaired in their ability to spread and migrate compared with wild-type cells, whereas enforced expression of alpha4 promoted cell spreading and migration. These effects were not restricted to fibroblasts. Using a T cell-specific alpha4 transgenic mouse model, increased alpha4 expression was found to increase lymphocyte motility and chemotaxis. Elevated alpha4 expression results in an increase in the GTP-bound state of Rac1, and GTP-bound Rac1 was dramatically reduced in alpha4-deficient cells. A constitutively active mutant of Rac1 rescued the defects of cell spreading and migration caused by alpha4 deletion, while inhibition of Rac1 blocked the ability of alpha4 to promote cell migration. Together, these data define a novel role for the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit alpha4 in the regulation of cell spreading and migration.
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Transgenic overexpression of α4 in the thymus did not result in any effects on T-cell viability, proliferation, or development.
“transgenic overexpression of α4 in thymus did not result in any effects on T-cell viability, proliferation or development.”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
α4-overexpressing T-cells exhibited enhanced migration in a transwell assay, correlating with increased levels of activated Rac1.
“the α4 overexpressing T-cells exhibited enhanced migration in a transwell assay, correlating with increased levels of activated Rac1 [45].”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- MEFs, apoptosis is partly reversed by papilloma E6 protein or Bcl-xL expression.
“-In -/-MEFs: apoptosis (c-jun, p53 and caspase-3 activation, PARP | cleavage); (partially) rescued by expression of papilloma E6 protein, | or Bcl-xL”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- liver, every mouse died six days after adeno-Cre injection.
“-In liver: all mice died 6 days after adeno-Cre injection; livers showed | signs of apoptosis and p53 and c-Jun activation”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In these cells, cell adhesion is decreased.
“-In Bcl-x L -expressing MEFs: slower cell spreading; decreased cell | adhesion; reduced cell migration; reduced Rac1 activation; | phenotypes rescued by active Rac1 V12 mutant”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Bcl-xL-expressing Igbp1 -/- MEFs, cell spreading is slower.
“-In Bcl-x L -expressing MEFs: slower cell spreading; decreased cell | adhesion; reduced cell migration; reduced Rac1 activation; | phenotypes rescued by active Rac1 V12 mutant”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- MEFs, several known PP2A substrates show higher basal phosphorylation.
“-In -/-MEFs: increased basal phosphorylation of several established | PP2A substrates; decreased reversal of stress-induced | phosphorylations”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- MEFs, reversal of stress-induced phosphorylations is decreased.
“-In -/-MEFs: increased basal phosphorylation of several established | PP2A substrates; decreased reversal of stress-induced | phosphorylations”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- liver, there were signs of apoptosis together with p53 and c-Jun activation.
“-In liver: all mice died 6 days after adeno-Cre injection; livers showed | signs of apoptosis and p53 and c-Jun activation”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- mice, T-cell development is impaired.
“-Impaired T-cell development [25,44,45]”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In these cells, cell migration is reduced.
“-In Bcl-x L -expressing MEFs: slower cell spreading; decreased cell | adhesion; reduced cell migration; reduced Rac1 activation; | phenotypes rescued by active Rac1 V12 mutant”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- adipocytes, apoptosis occurs, with c-jun, p53 and caspase-3 activation.
“-In -/-adipocytes: apoptosis (c-jun, p53, caspase-3 activation)”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In Igbp1 -/- MEFs, apoptosis occurs, accompanied by activation of c-jun, p53 and caspase-3 and by PARP cleavage.
“-In -/-MEFs: apoptosis (c-jun, p53 and caspase-3 activation, PARP | cleavage); (partially) rescued by expression of papilloma E6 protein, | or Bcl-xL”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In these mice, levels of activated Rac1 are increased.
“No effects on T-cell viability, proliferation or development; enhanced [45] | T-cell migration in transwell assay; increased levels of activated Rac1”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In these mice, T-cell migration in transwell assay is enhanced.
“No effects on T-cell viability, proliferation or development; enhanced [45] | T-cell migration in transwell assay; increased levels of activated Rac1”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In mice with T-cell-specific expression of FLAG-tagged α4 (CD2 promoter/enhancer), T-cell viability, proliferation and development are unaffected.
“No effects on T-cell viability, proliferation or development; enhanced [45] | T-cell migration in transwell assay; increased levels of activated Rac1”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In these cells, the phenotypes are rescued by active Rac1 V12 mutant.
“-In Bcl-x L -expressing MEFs: slower cell spreading; decreased cell | adhesion; reduced cell migration; reduced Rac1 activation; | phenotypes rescued by active Rac1 V12 mutant”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
In these cells, Rac1 activation is reduced.
“-In Bcl-x L -expressing MEFs: slower cell spreading; decreased cell | adhesion; reduced cell migration; reduced Rac1 activation; | phenotypes rescued by active Rac1 V12 mutant”
From Physiologic functions of PP2A: Lessons from genetically modified mice (2019) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Kong, M., Bui, T. V., Ditsworth, D., Gruber, J. J., Goncharov, D., Krymskaya, V. P., Lindsten, T., & Thompson, C. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- Thompson, Craig B.
- Venue
- Journal of Biological Chemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 282
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 29712-29720
- ISSN
- 0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981751137
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Biological Chemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- American Association for Cancer Research
- Leukemia and Lymphoma Society
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- protein phosphatase 2A, cell spreading, cell migration, cytoskeletal structure, fibroblasts, T cell motility, lymphocyte chemotaxis
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Line, Cell Movement, Chemotaxis, Fibroblasts, Gene Expression Regulation, Guanosine Triphosphate, Mice, Transgenic, Models, Biological, Neuropeptides, Phosphoproteins, Wound Healing, Gene Deletion, Molecular Chaperones, rac GTP-Binding Proteins, rac1 GTP-Binding Protein, Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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