Cited by 204Protein Tyrosine PhosphatasesProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingSignaling Pathways in Disease

The biogenesis of active protein phosphatase 2A holoenzymes: a tightly regulated process creating phosphatase specificity

Sents, Ward, Ivanova, Elitsa, Lambrecht, Caroline, Haesen, Dorien, Janssens, Veerle·2013·The FEBS Journal

Abstract

Protein phosphatase type 2A (PP2A) enzymes constitute a large family of Ser/Thr phosphatases with multiple functions in cellular signaling and physiology. The composition of heterotrimeric PP2A holoenzymes, resulting from the combinatorial assembly of a catalytic C subunit, a structural A subunit, and regulatory B‐type subunit, provides the essential determinants for substrate specificity, subcellular targeting, and fine‐tuning of phosphatase activity, largely explaining why PP2A is functionally involved in so many diverse physiological processes, sometimes in seemingly opposing ways. In this review, we highlight how PP2A holoenzyme biogenesis and enzymatic activity are controlled by a sophisticatedly coordinated network of five PP2A modulators, consisting of α4, phosphatase 2A phosphatase activator (PTPA), leucine carboxyl methyl transferase 1 (LCMT1), PP2A methyl esterase 1 (PME‐1) and, potentially, target of rapamycin signaling pathway regulator‐like 1 (TIPRL1), which serve to prevent promiscuous phosphatase activity until the holoenzyme is completely assembled. Likewise, these modulators may come into play when PP2A holoenzymes are disassembled following particular cellular stresses. Malfunctioning of these cellular control mechanisms contributes to human disease. The potential therapeutic benefits or pitfalls of interfering with these regulatory mechanisms will be briefly discussed.

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Crossref · 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2012.08579.x

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148 of 148 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • PP2A functions as a protein complex consisting of either a core dimer between the scaffolding A subunit (PR65) and the catalytic subunit PP2Ac, or a trimer in which one of the regulatory B subunits interacts with the AC core dimer.

    “PP2A functions as a protein complex consisting of either a core dimer between the scaffolding A subunit (PR65) and the catalytic subunit PP2Ac, or a trimer in which one of the regulatory B subunits interacts with the AC core dimer [24]”
  • Different B subunits mediate the substrate specificity of the PP2A trimer.

    “different B subunits mediate the substrate specificity of the PP2A trimer [24]”
  • Binding of CIP2A to PP2A via specific B subunits may explain why CIP2A only regulates a fairly restricted number of phosphoproteins among thousands of potential target proteins regulated by different PP2A complexes.

    “Binding of CIP2A to PP2A via specific B subunits imposes an interesting possible explanation for observations that CIP2A only regulates a fairly restricted number of phosphoproteins [6,13] among thousands of potential target proteins regulated by different PP2A complexes [24,26].”
  • In addition to about twenty PP2A subunit genes, five genes encode major regulators of active PP2A trimer assembly and at least seven genes encode cellular PP2A inhibitors.

    “Besides twenty PP2A subunit encoding genes, some of which are tissue-specifically expressed, five additional genes encode major regulators of active PP2A trimer assembly, and at least seven genes encode cellular PP2A inhibitors”

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Authors
Sents, W., Ivanova, E., Lambrecht, C., Haesen, D., & Janssens, V.
Affiliations
KU Leuven (BE)
Corresponding author
Janssens, Veerle
Venue
The FEBS Journal
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2012-04-25
Volume
280
Issue
2
Pages
644-661
ISSN
  • 1742-464X (ISSN-L)
  • 1742-4658
OpenAlex
W1738931535
Cited by
204
References
148
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 4
FWCI
1.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • FEBS Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lirias (KU Leuven) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Signaling Pathways in Disease
Keywords
protein phosphatase 2A, PP2A dephosphorylation, substrate specificity, phosphatase regulation
MeSH terms
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases, Humans, Models, Biological, Phosphoprotein Phosphatases, Protein O-Methyltransferase, Substrate Specificity, Molecular Chaperones, Holoenzymes, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing, Protein Phosphatase 2

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