The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Shyness 2: Treating Social Phobia Online: Replication and Extension
Abstract
Objective: In a randomized controlled trial Titov et al. (2008) demonstrated significant benefit from an Internet- and email-based treatment programme for social phobia. The present study (Shyness 2) seeks to replicate that finding and compares results with benchmark data. Method: Eighty-eight individuals with social phobia were randomly assigned to a clinician-assisted computerized cognitive behavioural treatment programme or to a waitlist control group. Participants completed the same treatment programme used in Shyness 1, consisting of six online lessons, cognitive behavioural homework assignments, email contact with a therapist, and participation in an online discussion forum. An intention-to-treat model was used for data analyses. Results: A total of 80% of treatment group participants completed all lessons, and post-treatment data were obtained from 78/81 participants. Treatment group participants each had an average of 127 min of therapist contact over the 10 week programme, including an average of 22 email contacts plus therapist responses to forum postings. Pre- to post-treatment differences were seen between treatment and waitlist participants across two measures of symptoms of social phobia, and across a measure of disability. Mean within- and between-group effect sizes (Cohen's d) across the two primary outcome measures were 1.18, and 1.20, respectively. Quantitative and qualitative data indicate that the procedure is very acceptable to participants. Conclusions: These results closely replicate those obtained in Shyness 1, indicating that the treatment procedure is reliable. These results compare favourably with outcomes reported in benchmarking studies from high-quality face-to-face treatment programmes for social phobia. These results provide further positive data about the utility of Internet-based guided self-help programmes for people with social phobia.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Several studies categorized participants into adherent or not [49,54,57,75], or usage categories such as low, medium, and high [60], while others used continuous variables [23,24,33-36,38-41,43-45,50-52,55,56,58,59,61,76] or a combination of these [42,46,53,64-66,77].”
From A Systematic Review of the Impact of Adherence on the Effectiveness of e-Therapies (2011) · cites this paper as [54]
Citations
Cites
The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x · Cited by 44,910
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327
Self-citationKessler, R. C., & Üstün, T. B. (2004) · International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1002/mpr.168 · Cited by 4,771
Mattick, R. P., & Clarke, J. C. (1998) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(97)10031-6 · Cited by 3,367
Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire
Devilly, G. J., & Borkovec, T. D. (2000) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0005-7916(00)00012-4 · Cited by 2,295 · cited 8×
“Even with the reduced sample (n 35), statistically significant correlations (r 0.43 and r 0.43) were observed between both the ACES and the expectancy factor of the CEQ (measures of expected change in anxiety symptoms) and the amount of change occurring in the SIAS score from pre- to post-treatment assessment, indicat…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialInternet-based cognitive behaviour therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety: A meta-analysis
SPEK, V., CUIJPERS, P., NYKLÍČEK, I., RIPER, H., KEYZER, J., & POP, V. (2007) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291706008944 · Cited by 1,586
Credibility of analogue therapy rationales
Borkovec, T. D., & Nau, S. D. (1972) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(72)90045-6 · Cited by 1,553
Internet-based self-help for depression: randomised controlled trial
Andersson, G., Bergström, J., Holländare, F., Carlbring, P., Kaldo, V., & Ekselius, L. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.187.5.456 · Cited by 529 · cited 1×
“Results from recent RCTs indicate that CaCCBT with email or telephone contact can result in clinically significant improvements not only in patients with social phobia [1,3,4] but also for patients with depression [8] and panic disorder [9 13], at a level similar to that provided by face-to-face clinicians, and often…”
BackgroundProudfoot, J., Ryden, C., Everitt, B., Shapiro, D. A., Goldberg, D., Mann, A., Tylee, A., Marks, I., & Gray, J. A. (2004) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.185.1.46 · Cited by 516
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence), 2006, Guidance on the use of computerised cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression. Technology Appraisal 97
- World Health Organization, World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–133 of 133
Internet‐Delivered Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder
Andersson, G., Carlbring, P., & Furmark, T. (2014) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118653920.ch26 · Cited by 10
Skaczkowski, G., van der Kruk, S., Loxton, S., Hughes-Barton, D., Howell, C., Turnbull, D., Jensen, N., Smout, M., & Gunn, K. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/31018 · Cited by 9
Mutter, A., Bücheler, M., Idrees, A. R., Domhardt, M., & Baumeister, H. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086728 · Cited by 10
Tulbure, B. T., Månsson, K. N. T., & Andersson, G. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-202 · Cited by 8
“Since then, other Internet-delivered interventions for SAD have been developed and tested in Australia, Spain, Sweden and Switzerland [10-17], supporting the shortand long-term benefits of such interventions.”
BackgroundEficácia do tratamento cognitivo e/ou comportamental para o transtorno de ansiedade social
Mululo, S. C. C., de Menezes, G. B., Fontenelle, L. F., & Versiani, M. (2009) · Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul · doi:10.1590/s0101-81082009000300007 · Cited by 7
Petch, J. F., Murray, J. L., Bickerdike, A. J., & LEWIS, P. E. (2014) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12039 · Cited by 6
Rozen, N., & Aderka, I. M. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101874 · Cited by 5
The Climate Panic program of Internet-based treatment for panic disorder: A pilot study
Wims, E. (2008) · Cited by 5
Steele, K. R., Upton, E. L., Holden, M., Regan, A., Coleshill, M. J., Li, S. H., Joubert, A. E., Mahoney, A., Millard, M., & Newby, J. M. (2025) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-08826-6 · Cited by 4
Onlinekommunikation und soziale Angst
Schulz, A., & Hoyer, J. (2016) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000360 · Cited by 4
Development of a graphic medicine‐enabled social media‐based intervention for youth social anxiety
Rice, S., O’Bree, B., Wilson, M., McEnery, C., Lim, M. H., Hamilton, M. P., Gleeson, J., Bendall, S., D’Alfonso, S., Russon, P., et al. (2020) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12222 · Cited by 4
Caractéristiques et évidences empiriques des traitements psychologiques basés sur Internet
Hohl, É., Berger, T., Bergström, J., Andersson, G., & Caspar, F. (2010) · Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive · doi:10.1016/j.jtcc.2010.04.002 · Cited by 4
Las nuevas tecnologías en el tratamiento de los trastornos de ansiedad
Baños, R., Guillén, V., García‐Palacios, A., Quero, S., & Botella, C. (2013) · INFORMACIO PSICOLOGICA · Cited by 3
Brunner, I. C., Støme, L. N., & Kenter, R. M. F. (2026) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2026.100983 · Cited by 2
“…messaging, diagnostic interviews, monitoring homework and assignments related to an individual patient within the online platform or in combination with face-to-face sessions (Titov et al., 2015; Titov et al., 2011; Titov et al., 2010; Titov et al., 2008a; Titov et al., 2008b; Titov et al., 2008c).”
Technological Interventions for Anxiety Disorders
Baños, R., Vara, M. D., Mira, A., García‐Palacios, A., & Botella, C. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00008-x · Cited by 2
The Use of Technology to Augment Clinical Care in Depression and Anxiety Disorders: An Evidence Map
Maher, A. R., Apaydin, E. A., Raaen, L. B., Motala, A., Shanman, R., & Hempel, S. (2019) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr2177 · Cited by 2
Untreated depression in the community
Andrews, G., Titov, N., & Schwencke, G. (2009) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.108.023226 · Cited by 2
Self-citationOnline Advice, Guidance and Counseling for Problem Gamblers
Griffiths, M. D. (2010) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-61520-670-4.ch053 · Cited by 2
Helgadóttir, F. D. (2011) · Opin vísindi (Opin vísindi) · Cited by 1
Katzman, M. A., Bleau, P., Blier, P., Chokka, P. R., Kjernisted, K. D., & Ameringen, M. V. (2021) · doi:10.32920/14638581.v1 · Cited by 1
Ibanga, A. (2011) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham)
Informing best practice in mental health: using feedback to improve clinical outcomes
Newnham, E. A. (2009) · UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)
Lewis, C., Pearce, J., & Bisson, J. I. (2013)
Romijn, G., Batelaan, N. M., Kok, R., Koning, J., van Balkom, A. J. L. M., Titov, N., & Riper, H. M. (2018) · doi:10.2196/preprints.11706
Self-citationRen, Z., Ma, G. X., Franken, I. H. A., van der Heiden, C., Hoyt, W. T., & Zhao, L. (2017) · doi:10.2196/preprints.9624
Isbășoiu, A. B. (2023) · Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Braşov Series VII Social Sciences • Law · doi:10.31926/but.ssl.2022.15.64.2.1
Vasiliadis, H., Roberge, P., Spagnolo, J., Lamoureux‐Lamarche, C., Chapdelaine, A., Brodeur, M., Grenier, J., Mahoney, A., Koszycki, D., Chomienne, M., et al. (2024) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-024-06082-7
Self-guided interventions for Social Anxiety Disorder: a systematic review
Dittz, C. P., Lourenço, L. M., Swerts, L. S., Coelho, L. D. C., Gomes, D. A. G., & Lopes, R. D. C. T. (2024) · Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) · doi:10.1590/1982-0275202441e220028
Xiong, Y., Xiao, N., Ding, X., Zhang, J., & Luo, H.-S. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1787151 · Cited by 1
Afraid of the Therapist: The Value of Internet-Based Treatments for Social Anxiety
Lucyk, B. (2013) · Western Undergraduate Psychology Journal
Metadata
- Authors
- Titov, N., Andrews, G., & Schwencke, G.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Titov, Nickolai
- Venue
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2008-01-01
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 595-605
- ISSN
- 0004-8674 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1614
- OpenAlex
- W1995762476
- Cited by
- 133
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 24.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- social anxiety disorder, online therapy, online forums, guided self-help, replication study, treatment acceptability, treatment outcome comparison
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders, Surveys and Questionnaires, Shyness, Waiting Lists, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internet
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
