The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
What causes the age decline in reports of being bullied at school? Towards a developmental analysis of risks of being bullied
Abstract
Summary School‐based surveys of reports of being bullied reveal a fairly steady downward trend through ages eight to 16 years. Four hypotheses are examined which may explain this age‐related decline: (1) younger children have more children older than them in school, who are in a position to bully them; (2) younger children have not yet been socialized into understanding that you should not bully others; (3) younger children have not yet acquired the social skills and assertiveness skills to deal effectively with bullying incidents and discourage further bullying; and (4) younger children have a different definition of what bullying is, which changes as they get older. We test these hypotheses against existing data, and new data, in Study A from interviews with 48 pupils (aged seven‐eight, nine‐ten, 11‐12 and 13‐14 years); and in Study B from interviews with 159 participants (aged five‐six, nine‐ten, 15‐16 and 18‐29 years). The relative strength of the four hypotheses is evaluated. There is support for both (1) and (3); (2) appears to have little impact before age 15; and (4) may explain high rates of report in children under nine years. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Cites
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Do girls manipulate and boys fight? developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression
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A survey of the nature and extent of bullying in junior/middle and secondary schools
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Self-citation(2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315812397 · Cited by 1,102
School Bullying: Insights and Perspectives
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Cited by
Cyberbullying: Its nature and impact in secondary school pupils
Smith, P. K., Mahdavi, J., Carvalho, M., Fisher, S., Russell, S., & Tippett, N. (2008) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x · Cited by 3,639
Self-citationCyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?
SLONJE, R., & SMITH, P. K. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2007.00611.x · Cited by 1,844
Self-citationPrevalence estimation of school bullying with the Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire
Solberg, M. E., & Olweus, D. (2003) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.10047 · Cited by 1,772
Research on School Bullying and Victimization: What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go From Here?
Espelage, D. L., & Swearer, S. M. (2003) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/02796015.2003.12086206 · Cited by 1,246
Smith, P. K., Cowie, H., Olafsson, R. F., Liefooghe, A. P. D., Almeida, A., Araki, H., del Barrio, C., Costabile, A., Dekleva, B., Houndoumadi, A., et al. (2002) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00461 · Cited by 791
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Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, P. K., Madsen, K. C., & Moody, J. C.
- Venue
- Educational Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-12
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267-285
- ISSN
- 0013-1881 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-5847
- OpenAlex
- W2106052592
- Cited by
- 417
- References
- 36
- FWCI
- 9.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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