Cyberbullying: Another main type of bullying?
Abstract
Cyberbullying has recently emerged as a new form of bullying and harassment. 360 adolescents (12–20 years), were surveyed to examine the nature and extent of cyberbullying in Swedish schools. Four categories of cyberbullying (by text message, email, phone call and picture/video clip) were examined in relation to age and gender, perceived impact, telling others, and perception of adults becoming aware of such bullying. There was a significant incidence of cyberbullying in lower secondary schools, less in sixth‐form colleges. Gender differences were few. The impact of cyberbullying was perceived as highly negative for picture/video clip bullying. Cybervictims most often chose to either tell their friends or no one at all about the cyberbullying, so adults may not be aware of cyberbullying, and (apart from picture/video clip bullying) this is how it was perceived by pupils. Findings are discussed in relation to similarities and differences between cyberbullying and the more traditional forms of bullying.
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Victimization rates flatten in older adults.
“However, victimization rates flatten in older adults, potentially owing to cyberbullying’s lower prevalence in this group and a general decrease in aggressive behaviours with age13,48,62.”
From Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization (2024) · cites this paper as [48]
Repetition may occur through a single act of perpetration that is repeatedly shared.
“For example, repetition may occur through a single act of perpetration that is repeatedly shared (18, 22);”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
Anonymity feeds into the disinhibitory effect and is linked to increased cyberbullying perpetration.
“Thus, anonymity feeds into the disinhibitory effect (32) and consistent with previous research is linked to increased cyberbullying perpetration (22, 33–36, 38, 106).”
From A thematic analysis of adolescents’ perceptions of cyberbullying and cyberaggression: definitional distinctions and educational gaps (2026) · cites this paper as [22]
Findings from this synthesis indicate that young people are reluctant to seek support, particularly from adults who they perceive as ignorant to the cyber world.
“Furthermore, as reflected in previous research, findings from this synthesis indicate that young people are reluctant to seek support, particularly from adults who they perceive as ignorant to the cyber world.(Cassidy et al., 2013;Fenaughty & Harré, 2013;Slonje & Smith, 2008;Vaillancourt et al., 2017).”
From Young people’s conceptualizations of the nature of cyberbullying: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research (2020) · cites this paper as Slonje & Smith, 2008
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- Authors
- SLONJE, R., & SMITH, P. K.
- Affiliations
- University of London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- SLONJE, ROBERT
- ORCID
- SMITH, PETER K.
- Venue
- Scandinavian Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-01-22
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 147-154
- ISSN
- 0036-5564 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9450
- OpenAlex
- W2165282906
- Cited by
- 1,844
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 38 · 2025: 68 · 2024: 71 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 111 · 2020: 211 · 2019: 157 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 106 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 152 · 2014: 120 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 113
- FWCI
- 34.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Scandinavian Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Workplace Violence and Bullying
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Keywords
- cyberbullying, bullying, adolescents, school bullying, text messaging, email, gender differences, age differences, junior high school, sixth form colleges
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Psychology, Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Child, Dominance-Subordination, Female, Humans, Male, Peer Group, Perception, Surveys and Questionnaires, Self Disclosure, Social Behavior, Social Support, Students, Sweden, Videotape Recording, Prevalence, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Crime Victims, Internet, Electronic Mail, Cell Phone
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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