The Effects of Modafinil, Caffeine, and Dextroamphetamine on Judgments of Simple Versus Complex Emotional Expressions Following Sleep Deprivation
Abstract
Cognitive abilities such as vigilance, attention, memory, and executive functioning can be degraded significantly following extended periods of wakefulness. Although much evidence suggests that sleep-loss induced deficits in alertness and vigilance can be reversed or mitigated by stimulants such as caffeine, it is not clear how these compounds may affect other higher level cognitive processes such as emotional perception and judgment. Following 47 h of sleep deprivation, the study examined the effect of three stimulant medications (modafinil 400 mg, dextroamphetamine 20 mg, caffeine 600 mg) or placebo on the ability of 54 healthy participants to discriminate and label simple emotional expressions versus complex affect blends (created by morphing photographs of two different affective facial expressions). For simple affective faces, neither sleep loss nor stimulant medications made any difference on the accuracy of judgments. In contrast, for complex emotion blends, all three stimulant medications significantly improved the ability to discriminate subtle aspects of emotion correctly relative to placebo, but did not differ from one another. These findings suggest that all three stimulant medications are effective at restoring some aspects of subtle affective perception.
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Amphetamine reversed deficits in various cognitive and motor performances and complex expression identification following continuous sleep deprivation.
“AMP also reversed deficits in various cognitive and motor performances (Magill et al., 2003) and complex expression identification (Huck et al., 2008) following continuous sleep deprivation.”
From Systematic reviews of the acute effects of amphetamine on working memory and other cognitive performances in healthy individuals, with a focus on the potential influence of personality traits (2023) · cites this paper as Huck et al., 2008
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Nezlioğlu, M. N., & Arslan, A. K. K. (2026) · Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi · doi:10.33483/jfpau.1679029
- Authors
- Huck, N. O., Mcbride, S. A., Kendall, A. P., Grugle, N. L., & Killgore, W. D. S.
- Affiliations
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-01
- Volume
- 118
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 487-502
- ISSN
- 0020-7454 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-5245
- OpenAlex
- W2142953327
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Keywords
- modafinil, caffeine, d-amphetamine, sleep deprivation, facial expression perception, stimulants, sustained attention, emotion discrimination, cognitive restoration
- MeSH terms
- Modafinil, Adolescent, Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Benzhydryl Compounds, Caffeine, Cognition, Dextroamphetamine, Discrimination, Psychological, Facial Expression, Female, Humans, Judgment, Male, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Expressed Emotion
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