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A Meta-Analysis of the Published Research on the Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
Abstract
A meta-analysis of the published research on the effects of child sexual abuse (CSA) was undertaken for 6 outcomes: posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, suicide, sexual promiscuity, victim-perpetrator cycle, and poor academic performance. Thirty-seven studies published between 1981 and 1995 involving 25,367 people were included. Many of the studies were published in 1994 (24; 65%), and most were done in the United States (22; 59%). All six dependent variables were coded, and effect sizes (d) were computed for each outcome. Average unweighted and weighted ds for each of the respective outcome variables were .50 and .40 for PTSD, .63 and .44 for depression, .64 and .44 for suicide, .59 and .29 for sexual promiscuity, .41 and .16 for victim-perpetrator cycle, and .24 and .19 for academic performance. A file drawer analysis indicated that 277 studies with null ds would be required to negate the present findings. The analyses provide clear evidence confirming the link between CSA and subsequent negative short- and long-term effects on development. There were no statistically significant differences on ds when various potentially mediating variables such as gender, socioeconomic status, type of abuse, age when abused, relationship to perpetrator, and number of abuse incidents were assessed. The results of the present meta-analysis support the multifaceted model of traumatization rather than a specific sexual abuse syndrome of CSA.
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“Similarly, a meta-analysis of psychopathology related to child sexual abuse did not find differences based on victim-offender relationship (Paolucci & Genuis, 2001)”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Paolucci & Genuis, 2001
In the citing paper
“and a second also did not identify gender differences in the association between child sexual abuse and psychopathology (Paolucci & Genuis, 2001).”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Paolucci & Genuis, 2001
In the citing paper
“and those that assessed multiple domains of psychopathology did not conduct statistical comparisons across domains (e.g., Chen et al., 2010; Golding, 1999; Paolucci & Genuis, 2001).”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Paolucci & Genuis, 2001
In the citing paper
“a meta-analysis failed to find differences in psychopathology between penetrative and nonpenetrative child sexual abuse (Paolucci & Genuis, 2001)”
From Sexual assault victimization and psychopathology: A review and meta-analysis (2017) · cites this paper as Paolucci & Genuis, 2001
In the citing paper
“the consequences of sexual abuse range from minimal effects to more serious problems, with social, emotional and/or psychiatric repercussions (Habigzang, Borges, Dell'Aglio, & Koller, 2010;Kendall-Tackett et al., 1993;Paolucci et al., 2001;Wherry, Baldwin, Junco, & Floyd, 2013).”
From Psychological and Behavioral Indicators in the Forensic Assessment of Child Sexual Abuse (2018) · cites this paper as Paolucci et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“Sexually abused children tend to present more clinical symptomatology than those who have not been through this experience (Paolucci, Genuis, & Violato, 2001).”
From Psychological and Behavioral Indicators in the Forensic Assessment of Child Sexual Abuse (2018) · cites this paper as Paolucci, Genuis, & Violato, 2001
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Child Sexual Abuse in a Trusted Relationship: Trauma or Confusion?
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Matte-Landry, A., Paquette, G., Lapalme, M., Daigneault, I., & Tourigny, M. (2022) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2022.2139315 · Cited by 1
“However, this is not always the case as mixed results have arisen in the literature (Fergusson et al., 2013; Maniglio, 2009; Paolucci et al., 2001).”
ResultRokach, A., & Clayton, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85853-3.00005-7 · Cited by 1
“I read about it in that book” – towards a child safe approach to literature
Innes, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Sexual Aggression · doi:10.1080/13552600.2023.2257736 · Cited by 2
“…of others to mitigate potential negative impacts for the child Child sexual abuse can potentially have harmful and long-lasting impacts on a child (Paolucci et al., 2001), but victims vary greatly in their reactions (McGloin & Widom, 2001) and it is detrimental to safe recovery to minimise…”
InfluentialYoung, J. A., & Mann-Williams, A. (2023) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538712.2023.2273311 · Cited by 1
“Traumatic experiences of CSA result in psychological, behavioral, and physiological effects that can endure throughout the lifespan (Felitti et al., 1998; Hamby et al., 2012; Paolucci et al., 2001; Whitaker et al., 2008).”
BackgroundThe Impact of Sexual Abuse on the Emotions and Relationship
Limoncin, E., Gaudio, B., Ciocca, G., Jannini, T. B., & Jannini, E. A. (2023) · Trends in andrology and sexual medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47892-5_4 · Cited by 1
Astete, P. E. S., Bardales, J. M. D., & Barahona, R. A. P. (2024) · Revista de Climatología · doi:10.59427/rcli/2024/v24cs.1280-1286 · Cited by 2
Schneider, J., Rukundo-Zeller, A. C., Bambonye, M., Lust, S., Mugisha, H., Muhoza, J., Ndayikengurukiye, T., Nitanga, L., Rushoza, A. A., & Crombach, A. (2024) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106906 · Cited by 2
Self-reported health profiles of trauma victims with and without psychiatric histories
King, A. R., Kuhn, S., Brezinski, S., Jowkar, M., & Smith, K. (2024) · Health Psychology Report · doi:10.5114/hpr/187800 · Cited by 1
“MTurk has been reviewed favorably as a crowdsourcing research platform (Buhrmester et al., 2011; Gosling et al., 2004; Paolucci et al., 2001).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Paolucci, E. O., Genuis, M. L., & Violato, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- Venue
- The Journal of Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-01
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 17-36
- ISSN
- 0022-3980 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-1019
- OpenAlex
- W2017439967
- Cited by
- 1,144
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 66 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 64 · 2014: 63 · 2013: 72 · 2012: 59
- FWCI
- 3.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Military, Security, and Education Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicide, promiscuity, academic performance, long-term effects of abuse, mediators
- MeSH terms
- Child, Child Abuse, Sexual, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Suicide
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