The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Preliminary Research on Plasma Oxytocin in Normal Cycling Women: Investigating Emotion and Interpersonal Distress
Abstract
The neurohormone oxytocin is responsible for initiating childbirth and the let-down reflex in lactating women and is released during sexual orgasm. Oxytocin has been thought of as an affiliation hormone because research on nonhuman mammals has demonstrated that it plays a key role in the initiation of maternal behavior and the formation of adult pair bonds. It has been speculated that social stimuli may induce oxytocin release and that oxytocin may make positive social contact more rewarding. Data are presented from an initial study to examine change in plasma oxytocin in response to a standard imagery task that elicits emotion related to attachment. Twenty-five normal cycling, healthy women underwent imagery tasks and completed questionnaires on attachment and interpersonal problems. Blood draws (5 ml) were bone via an indwelling catheter before, during, and after three interventions (massage, positive emotion, and negative emotion) and to establish baselines. Overall, the data showed a tendency for oxytocin levels to be elevated in response to relaxation massage and decreased in response to sad emotion. There were individual differences in response to the interventions. Those who showed evidence of increased oxytocin levels for positive emotion and massage and who maintained oxytocin levels during negative emotion were less likely to report interpersonal problems associated with intrusiveness. Maintaining oxytocin levels during sadness was also correlated with lower anxiety in close relationships. Women who were in a couple relationship had greater increases in oxytocin in response to positive emotion. In contrast, higher basal levels of oxytocin were associated with greater interpersonal distress. These data suggest that peripheral secretion of oxytocin in response to emotional stimuli is associated with the individual's interpersonal characteristics.
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In the citing paper
“In fact, higher basal oxytocin levels have been related to increased anxiety [92], relationship distress [93] and higher stress vulnerability in humans [94].”
From Therapy Dog Welfare Revisited: A Review of the Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“There is evidence, however, indicating that an increase in oxytocin does not necessarily equal good welfare.”
From Therapy Dog Welfare Revisited: A Review of the Literature (2021) · cites this paper as [93]
In the citing paper
“OT is released in humans during hugging, touching, massage, nipple stimulation, and orgasm (Carmichael et al 1987; Christensson et al 1989; Turner et al 1999; Light et al 2000; Light et al 2005), and promotes increased eye gaze, trust, and attention to emotional cues (Kosfeld et al 2005; Domes et al 2007; Guastella et al 2008; Andari et al 2010).”
From The behavioral, anatomical and pharmacological parallels between social attachment, love and addiction (2012) · cites this paper as Turner et al 1999
In the citing paper
“In humans, however, only affiliative touch has been associated with increased salivary oxytocin (Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008) and plasma oxytocin levels (Turner et al., 1999).”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Turner et al., 1999
In the citing paper
“In a study with women, Turner et al. (1999) showed that a raise in plasma oxytocin following gentle massage occurred only in women who did not report relationship anxiety.”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Turner et al., 1999
In the citing paper
“Turner et al. (1999) and Taylor et al. (2006) found that older women who simultaneously maintained high baseline levels of plasma oxytocin and cortisol also had chronic relationship anxiety.”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Turner et al., 1999
In the citing paper
“The results from Bales et al. (2013) to some extent reflect those of a study on women examining endogenous oxytocin levels, where high basal plasma oxytocin levels were associated both with relationship anxiety and attenuated plasma oxytocin levels following massage or positive emotion (Turner et al., 1999).”
From Endogenous peripheral oxytocin measures can give insight into the dynamics of social relationships: a review (2014) · cites this paper as Turner et al., 1999
In the citing paper
“Moreover, there are also reports documenting a positive correlation between OXT plasma concentrations and attachment anxiety (72) and interpersonal distress (61,73).”
From Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
In the citing paper
“Increased oxytocin activity during distress [34,35] and its attenuating effects on HPA axis [36] and autonomic nervous system activity [37] may indicate a regulatory function of oxytocin in physiological stress.”
From Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial (2014) · cites this paper as [35]
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Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Turner, R. A., Altemus, M., Enos, T., Cooper, B., & McGuinness, T.
- Affiliations
- Alliant University (US)
- Venue
- Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1999-05
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 97-113
- ISSN
- 0033-2747 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-281X
- OpenAlex
- W1876617850
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 12.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5m01rr000079-42)
- National Center for Research Resources (5-MO1-RR00079)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- plasma oxytocin, attachment, interpersonal distress, relaxation massage, positive emotions, sadness, couple relationships, individual differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Emotions, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Menstrual Cycle, Object Attachment, Oxytocin, Reference Values
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