Evidence of dysregulated peripheral oxytocin release among depressed women
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide that plays a key role in mammalian female reproductive function. Animal research indicates that central oxytocin facilitates adaptive social attachments and modulates stress and anxiety responses. Major depression is prevalent among postpubertal females, and is associated with perturbations in social attachments, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal stress axis, and elevated levels of anxiety. Thus, depressed women may be at risk to display oxytocin dysregulation. The current study was developed to compare patterns of peripheral oxytocin release exhibited by depressed and nondepressed women. Methods: Currently depressed (N = 17) and never-depressed (N = 17) women participated in a laboratory protocol designed to stimulate, measure, and compare peripheral oxytocin release in response to two tasks: an affiliation-focused Guided Imagery task and a Speech Stress task. Intermittent blood samples were drawn over the course of two, 1-hour sessions including 20-minute baseline, 10-minute task, and 30-minute recovery periods. Results: The 10-minute laboratory tasks did not induce identifiable, acute changes in peripheral oxytocin. However, as compared with nondepressed controls, depressed women displayed greater variability in pulsatile oxytocin release over the course of both 1-hour sessions, and greater oxytocin concentrations during the 1-hour affiliation-focused imagery session. Oxytocin concentrations obtained during the imagery session were also associated with greater symptoms of depression, anxiety, and interpersonal dysfunction. Conclusions: Depressed women are more likely than controls to display a dysregulated pattern of peripheral oxytocin release. Further research is warranted to elucidate the clinical significance of peripheral oxytocin release in both depressed and nondepressed women. HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; MDD = major depressive disorder; SCID-IV = Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I DSM-IV disorders; HRSD-17 = 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression; BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; BAI = Beck Anxiety Inventory; IIP = Inventory of Interpersonal Problems; AUC = area under the curve; pg/ml = picograms per milliliter; CSF = cerebrospinal fluid; PVN = paraventricular nucleus; SON = supraoptic nucleus.
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The high stability in OT levels across a period of several months and the links reported between plasma OT with socioemotional and behavioral indicators of affiliation support the validity of peripheral OT as a biomarker of affiliation processes.
“The high stability in OT levels across a period of several months and the links reported between plasma OT with socioemotional and behavioral indicators of affiliation (27,28,30,39,67–69) support the validity of peripheral OT as a biomarker of affiliation processes.”
From Oxytocin and the development of parenting in humans (2010) · cites this paper as [68]
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Retracted
- Authors
- Cyranowski, J. M., Hofkens, T. L., Frank, E., Seltman, H., Cai, H.-M., & Amico, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cyranowski, Jill M.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2008-11
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 967-975
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3397424
- OpenAlex
- W2003986910
- Cited by
- 220
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 16.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (NHLBI 076852/076858)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R24HL076852, R24HL076858)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-64144, K01MH064144, P30MH030915, MH30915)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000056, RR0000056)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Keywords
- oxytocin, major depressive disorder, women, social attachment, guided imagery, speech stress, anxiety, interpersonal problems, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Circadian Rhythm, Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Oxytocin, Pituitary Gland, Posterior, Psychological Tests, Self Concept, Speech, Stress, Psychological, Imagery, Psychotherapy, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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