Cited by 1,216Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesNutritional Studies and DietAntioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress

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Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in the Netherlands

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Hertog, Michaël G. L., Hollman, Peter C. H., Katan, Martijn B., Kromhout, Daan·1993·Nutrition and Cancer

DOI 10.1080/01635589309514267

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Abstract

Flavonoids are strong antioxidants that occur naturally in foods and can inhibit carcinogenesis in rodents. Accurate data on population-wide intakes of flavonoids are not available. Here, using data of the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 1987-1988, we report the intake of the potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, and luteolin among 4,112 adults. The flavonoid content of vegetables, fruits, and beverages was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In all subjects, average intake of all flavonoids combined was 23 mg/day. The most important flavonoid was the flavonol quercetin (mean intake 16 mg/day). The most important sources of flavonoids were tea (48% of total intake), onions (29%), and apples (7%). Flavonoid intake did not vary between seasons; it was not correlated with total energy intake (r = 0.001), and it was only weakly correlated with the intake of vitamin A (retinol equivalents, r = 0.14), dietary fiber (r = 0.21), and vitamin C (r = 0.26). Our use of new analytic technology suggests that in the past flavonoid intake has been overestimated fivefold. However, on a milligram-per-day basis, the intake of the antioxidant flavonoids still exceeded that of the antioxidants beta-carotene and vitamin E. Thus flavonoids represent an important source of antioxidants in the human diet.

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Authors: Hertog, M. G. L., Hollman, P. C. H., Katan, M. B., & Kromhout, D.
Affiliations: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (NL)
ORCID: Hollman, Peter C. H.
Venue: Nutrition and Cancer
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 1993-01
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 21-29
ISSN: 0163-5581 (ISSN-L)
1532-7914
DOI: 10.1080/01635589309514267
OpenAlex: W2153473625
Cited by: 1,216
References: 39
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 52 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 76
FWCI: 12.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
research.wur.nl
Locations: Nutrition and Cancer (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
Rivm Repository (Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
Keywords: flavonoids, flavonoid intake, quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, apigenin, luteolin, dietary antioxidants, tea, onion, apple, dietary assessment, vitamin C, dietary fiber, vitamin A, beta-carotene, vitamin E, Dutch adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Diet Surveys, Female, Flavonoids, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Netherlands, Molecular Structure, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Flavonols

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Intake of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids and their determinants in adults in the Netherlands

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