Cited by 137Thermoregulation and physiological responsesGastrointestinal motility and disordersExercise and Physiological Responses

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Gastrointestinal distress is common during a 161-km ultramarathon

Stuempfle, Kristin Jean, Hoffman, Martin Dean·2015·Journal of Sports Sciences

DOI 10.1080/02640414.2015.1012104

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Abstract

This study examined the incidence, severity, and timing of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in finishers and non-finishers of the 161-km Western States Endurance Run. A total of 272 runners (71.0% of starters) completed a post-race questionnaire that assessed the incidence and severity (none = 0, mild = 1, moderate = 2, severe = 3, very severe = 4) of 12 upper (reflux/heartburn, belching, stomach bloating, stomach cramps/pain, nausea, vomiting) and lower (intestinal cramps/pain, flatulence, side ache/stitch, urge to defecate, loose stool/diarrhoea, intestinal bleeding/bloody faeces) GI symptoms experienced during each of four race segments. GI symptoms were experienced by most runners (96.0%). Flatulence (65.9% frequency, mean value 1.0, s = 0.6 severity), belching (61.3% frequency, mean value 1.0, s = 0.6 severity), and nausea (60.3% frequency, mean value 1.0, s = 0.7 severity) were the most common symptoms. Among race finishers, 43.9% reported that GI symptoms affected their race performance, with nausea being the most common symptom (86.0%). Among race non-finishers, 35.6% reported that GI symptoms were a reason for dropping out of the race, with nausea being the most common symptom (90.5%). For both finishers and non-finishers, nausea was greatest during the most challenging and hottest part of the race. GI symptoms are very common during ultramarathon running, and in particular, nausea is the most common complaint for finishers and non-finishers.

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Authors: Stuempfle, K. J., & Hoffman, M. D.
Affiliations: Gettysburg College (US)
University of California Davis Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: Stuempfle, Kristin Jean
ORCID: Hoffman, Martin Dean
Venue: Journal of Sports Sciences
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2015-02-26
Volume: 33
Issue: 17
Pages: 1814-1821
ISSN: 0264-0414 (ISSN-L)
1466-447X
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2015.1012104
OpenAlex: W2036018519
Cited by: 137
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 5
FWCI: 9.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Sports Sciences (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
The Cupola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College (Gettysburg College) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Keywords: gastrointestinal symptoms, ultramarathon, nausea, flatulence, belching, diarrhea, race performance, heat exposure, endurance running
MeSH terms: Adult, Eructation, Female, Flatulence, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nausea, Physical Endurance, Running

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Gastrointestinal distress is common during a 161-km ultramarathon

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