Children's activity levels and lesson context during third-grade physical education
Abstract
Little is known about children's activity levels during physical education classes and how they relate to the national health objectives for the year 2000 (U.S. Public Health Service, 1991). We systematically observed students' physical activity and associated variables in 293 third-grade physical education lessons in 95 schools in 4 Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health (CATCH) centers in California, Louisiana, Minnesota, and Texas. The influence of independent variables was assessed simultaneously by analysis of variance. Significant differences among study centers were evidenced for both physical activity and lesson context variables. Additionally, there were differences among variables for lesson location and teacher specialty, but not for teacher gender. Boys were more active than girls, but only during free play opportunities. The findings have widespread implications for educators responsible for developing and implementing health-related physical education programs, as well as for designing and conducting staff development.
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Even though PE is usually part of the curriculum, it may be scheduled rarely and students are often not very active during it.
“Although most schools require PE as part of their curriculum, PE classes may occur infrequently and children are o en relatively inactive in them (McKenzie 1995;Pate 2006;Simons-Morton 1990;Simons-Morton 1994).”
From School-based physical activity programs for promoting physical activity and fitness in children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 (2013) · cites this paper as McKenzie 1995
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Barrett, J. L., Gortmaker, S. L., Long, M. W., Ward, Z. J., Resch, S., Moodie, M., Carter, R., Sacks, G., Swinburn, B. A., Wang, Y. C., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.005 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Quantifying Physical Activity in First- Through Fourth- Grade Physical Education via Pedometry
Scruggs, P. W., Beveridge, S. K., Watson, D. L., & Clocksin, B. D. (2005) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2005.10599278 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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Cauwenberghe, E. V., Labarque, V., Gubbels, J. S., Ilse, D. B., & Cardon, G. (2011) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.09.007 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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Physical Activity, Motor Ability, and School Readiness of 6-Yr.-Old Children
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Sit, C. H. P., McKenzie, T. L., Lian, J. M.-G., & McManus, A. (2008) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.25.3.247 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationAnnesi, J. J., Faigenbaum, A. D., Westcott, W. L., Smith, A. E., Unruh, J. L., & Hamilton, F. G. (2007) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Studies of Physical Education in the United States Using SOFIT: A Review
McKenzie, T. L., & Smith, N. J. (2017) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2017.1376028 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
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Physical literacy praxis: A theoretical framework for transformative physical education
Gleddie, D., & Morgan, A. (2020) · Prospects · doi:10.1007/s11125-020-09481-2 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Physical Education and Physical Activity in Elementary Schools in Flanders
Cordon, G. M., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. M. D. (2002) · Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy · doi:10.1080/1740898020070102 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Are Physical Education Policies Working? A Snapshot From San Francisco, 2011
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Sutherland, R., Campbell, E. M., Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Okely, A. D., Nathan, N., Gillham, K. E., Lecathelinais, C., & Wiggers, J. H. (2014) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.12.003 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Rosenkranz, R. R., Welk, G. J., & Dzewaltowski, D. A. (2011) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.8.s2.s214 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sit, C. H. P., Lam, J. W. K., & McKenzie, T. L. (2010) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.7.4.484 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationHernández, J.-L., Buendía, R. V., Martínez, M. E., Puerta, I. G., López, C., & López, Á. (2008) · Journal for the Study of Education and Development Infancia y Aprendizaje · doi:10.1174/021037008783487129 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
How active are rural children in Australian physical education?
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Impact of the Surgeon General’s Report: Through the Eyes of Physical Education Teacher Educators
McKenzie, T. L., & Kahan, D. (2004) · Journal of Teaching in Physical Education · doi:10.1123/jtpe.23.4.300 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationSchool Health-Related Physical Activity Programs: What Do the Data Say?
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Self-citation
- Authors
- McKenzie, T. L., Feldman, H., Woods, S. E., Romero, K. A., Dahlstrom, V., Stone, E. J., Strikmiller, P. K., Williston, J. M., & Harsha, D. W.
- Affiliations
- San Diego State University (US)
- New England Research Institutes (US)
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (US)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Venue
- Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1995-09
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 184-193
- ISSN
- 0034-5377 (ISSN-L)
- 0270-1367
- 2168-3824
- OpenAlex
- W2094520597
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 16.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01hl039870-11, 5u01hl039906-12, 5u01hl039852-11)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (UO1 HL 39852, UO1-HL-39870, UO1-HL-39906)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Pedagogy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Keywords
- children's physical activity, physical education classes, third grade, free play, sex differences in activity, CATCH program, school-based physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Child, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Education and Training, Prospective Studies, Students, United States, Exercise
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