Strawberry intake, lipids, C-reactive protein, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: There is indirect evidence suggesting that strawberries, containing several key nutrients, may be associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the Women's Health Study, we examined strawberry intake for both its prospective association with CVD risk in 38,176 women and its cross-sectional association with lipids and C-reactive protein (CRP) in a subset of 26,966 women. METHODS: Strawberry intake was assessed from a baseline semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, along with other self-reported lifestyle, clinical and dietary factors. Participants returned baseline bloods which were assayed for lipids and CRP. We computed the relative risks (RRs) for total CVD (1,004 cases) (including confirmed myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization, and cardiovascular death) occurring during 10.9 years of follow-up. RESULTS: At baseline, 25.6%, 41.9%, 24.8%, and 7.7% of women reported corresponding strawberry intake of none, 1-3 servings/month, 1 serving/week, and > or =2 servings/week. For total CVD, the multivariate RRs (95% confidence intervals) for increasing categories of strawberry intake were 1.00 (ref), 1.01 (0.85-1.19), 0.95 (0.77-1.17), and 1.27 (0.94-1.72) (P, trend = 0.06). We found a similar lack of an association for individual cardiovascular endpoints and comparing mean levels of lipids and CRP by category of strawberry intake. However, women consuming > or =2 servings/week versus none had a borderline significant, multivariate 14% lower likelihood of an elevated CRP of > or =3 mg/L. CONCLUSIONS: Strawberry intake was unassociated with the risk of incident CVD, lipids, or CRP in middle-aged and older women, though higher strawberry intake may slightly reduce the likelihood of having elevated CRP levels. Additional epidemiologic data are needed to clarify any role of strawberries in CVD prevention.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the Women's Health Study, blueberry intake was not significantly associated with risks of CVD or CRP.
“Blueberry intake was also examined in the study and no significant association was reported with risks of CVD or CRP.”
From Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health (2010) · cites this paper as [29]
The Women's Health Study showed a borderline significant risk reduction of elevated C-reactive protein levels (≥3 mg/L) among women consuming higher amounts of strawberries (≥2 servings/week).
“The study also showed a borderline significant risk reduction of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (≥3 mg/L) among women consuming higher amounts of strawberries (≥2 servings/week).”
From Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health (2010) · cites this paper as [29]
In the Women's Health Study, during a follow-up period of approximately 11 years, a decreasing trend for CVD was observed for subjects consuming higher amounts of strawberries (P = 0.06).
“During a follow-up period of approximately 11 years, a decreasing trend for CVD was observed for subjects consuming higher amounts of strawberries (P = 0.06).”
From Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health (2010) · cites this paper as [29]
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,944 · see citing works
Expert Panel on Detection, E. (2001) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.285.19.2486 · Cited by 26,011 · see citing works
Pearson, T. A., Mensah, G. A., Alexander, R. W., Anderson, J. L., Cannon, R. O., Criqui, M., Fadl, Y. Y., Fortmann, S. P., Hong, Y., Myers, G. L., et al. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052939.59093.45 · Cited by 6,401 · see citing works
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Rose, L., Buring, J. E., & Cook, N. R. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021993 · Cited by 3,604 · see citing works
Self-citationTotal energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses.
WILLETT, W., & STAMPFER, M. J. (1986) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114366 · Cited by 2,751 · see citing works
RE: “TOTAL ENERGY INTAKE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSES”
Palmgren, J., & Kushi, L. H. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115841 · Cited by 2,712 · see citing works
A Randomized Trial of Low-Dose Aspirin in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Women
Ridker, P. M., Cook, N. R., Lee, I.-M., Gordon, D., Gaziano, J. M., Manson, J. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Buring, J. E. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050613 · Cited by 1,945 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Intake on Risk for Coronary Heart Disease
Joshipura, K. J., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Rimm, E. B., Speizer, F. E., Colditz, G., Ascherio, A., Rosner, B., Spiegelman, D., et al. (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-12-200106190-00010 · Cited by 1,396 · see citing works
Lee, I.-M., Cook, N. R., Gaziano, J. M., Gordon, D., Ridker, P. M., Manson, J. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Buring, J. E. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.1.56 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Self-citationFruit and Vegetable Intake in Relation to Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Joshipura, K. J. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.13.1233 · Cited by 1,078 · see citing works
Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: The women’s health study
Liu, S., Manson, J. E., Lee, I.-M., Cole, S. R., Hennekens, C. H., Willett, W. C., & Buring, J. E. (2000) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/72.4.922 · Cited by 917 · see citing works
Self-citationA Prospective Study of Tomato Products, Lycopene, and Prostate Cancer Risk
Giovannucci, E. L. (2002) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/94.5.391 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Dietary Fiber and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Pooled Analysis of Cohort Studies
Pereira, M. A., O'Reilly, E., Augustsson, K., Fraser, G. E., Goldbourt, U., Heitmann, B. L., Hallmans, G., Knekt, P., Liu, S., Pietinen, P., et al. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.4.370 · Cited by 630 · see citing works
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Strawberries
Meyers, K. J., Watkins, C. B., Pritts, M. P., & Liu, R. H. (2003) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf034506n · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Vitamin C Intake and Mortality among a Sample of the United States Population
Enstrom, J., Kanim, L., & Klein, M. A. (1992) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199205000-00003 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Cao, G., Russell, R. M., Lischner, N., & Prior, R. L. (1998) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/128.12.2383 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Strawberry Anthocyanins Are Recovered in Urine as Glucuro- and Sulfoconjugates in Humans
Felgines, C., Talavéra, S., Texier, O., Lamaison, J., Gonthier, M., Scalbert, A., & Rémésy, C. (2003) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/133.5.1296 · Cited by 337 · see citing works
Flavonoid intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women
Sesso, H. D., Gaziano, J. M., Liu, S., & Buring, J. E. (2003) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.6.1400 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationFolate, homocysteine, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease
Moat, S. J., Lang, D., McDowell, I., Clarke, Z., Madhavan, A. K., LEWIS, M. J., & Goodfellow, J. (2004) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2003.08.010 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Folate, Vitamin B 6 , and B 12 Intakes in Relation to Risk of Stroke Among Men
He, K., Merchant, A. T., Rimm, E. B., ROSNER, B. A., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., & Ascherio, A. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000106762.55994.86 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Anthocyanin from strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) with the novel aglycone, 5-carboxypyranopelargonidin
Andersen, Ø. M., Fossen, T., Torskangerpoll, K., et al. (2003) · Phytochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2003.10.014 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Delgado, M. C. (2004) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-004-0008-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Aune, D., Giovannucci, E., Boffetta, P., Fadnes, L. T., Keum, N., Norat, T., Greenwood, D. C., Riboli, E., Vatten, L. J., & Tonstad, S. (2017) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyw319 · Cited by 2,419 · see citing works
Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health
Basu, A., Rhone, M., & Lyons, T. J. (2010) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2010.00273.x · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Strawberry As a Functional Food: An Evidence-Based Review
Basu, A., Nguyen, A., Betts, N. M., & Lyons, T. J. (2014) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2011.608174 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, J., Cappellini, F., Reiner, Ž., Zorzan, D., Imran, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., El-Shazly, M., Fahmy, N. M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01300 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Basu, A., Wilkinson, M., Penugonda, K., Simmons, B., Betts, N. M., & Lyons, T. J. (2009) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2891-8-43 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sesso, H. D., Gaziano, J. M., Jenkins, D. J. A., & Buring, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- St. Michael's Hospital (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Sesso, Howard D.
- Venue
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 303-310
- ISSN
- 0731-5724 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-1087
- OpenAlex
- W2073730330
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American College of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns034108-02, 5r01hl043851-10, 1r03hl065727-01)
- National Institute on Aging (AG15933, R01AG015933)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL43851, HL-65727)
- National Cancer Institute (CA-47988, R01CA047988)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-34108)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nuts composition and effects
- Keywords
- cardiovascular risk, C-reactive protein, serum lipids, women, fruit consumption, inflammation, cardiovascular disease prevention, myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular mortality
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Alcohol Drinking, C-Reactive Protein, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Female, Humans, Lipids, Middle Aged, Myocardial Infarction, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Smoking, Multivariate Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Fragaria
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
