Berries: emerging impact on cardiovascular health
Open accessAbstract
Berries are a good source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, micronutrients, and fiber. In epidemiological and clinical studies, these constituents have been associated with improved cardiovascular risk profiles. Human intervention studies using chokeberries, cranberries, blueberries, and strawberries (either fresh, or as juice, or freeze-dried), or purified anthocyanin extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism. Benefits were seen in healthy subjects and in those with existing metabolic risk factors. Underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects are believed to include upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, decreased activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes, decreased oxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammatory gene expression and foam cell formation. Though limited, these data support the recommendation of berries as an essential fruit group in a heart-healthy diet.
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Berries are rich in polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, and epidemiological and clinical evidence links their intake to improved cardiovascular risk factors such as LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism. The review concludes that berries may be recommended as part of a heart-healthy diet, but calls for more rigorous prospective studies with hard cardiovascular endpoints.
Key findings
- In the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, 1,950 men in the highest quartile of berry intake (>408 g/day) had significantly lower risk of CVD-related deaths than men with the lowest intake (<133 g/day) during a mean follow-up of 12.8 years.
- In the Iowa Women’s Health Study (n = 34,489 postmenopausal women, 16-year follow-up), strawberry intake was associated with significantly reduced CVD mortality; a mean anthocyanin intake of 0.2 mg/day was also associated with significantly reduced CVD mortality.
- Of 20 intervention trials reviewed, 9 involved postprandial measures and showed that berry consumption significantly decreased postprandial oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation; only 2 trials showed significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, and none showed significant effects on inflammatory biomarkers except a decrease in adhesion molecules after cranberry juice in healthy volunteers.
- Proposed mechanisms include upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, decreased carbohydrate digestive enzyme activity, decreased oxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammatory gene expression and foam cell formation.
Methods
- Narrative review of epidemiological observations, human intervention studies, and cellular/animal mechanistic studies on berries and cardiovascular health.
- The review summarizes 20 human intervention trials using acai, black currants, bilberries, boysenberries, blueberries, chokeberries, cranberries, lingonberries, raspberries, strawberries, and wolfberries, either fresh, as juice, freeze-dried, or as purified anthocyanin extracts; trials ranged from 4 to 12 weeks.
- Main analysis is a qualitative synthesis of reported outcomes, including plasma/urinary antioxidant capacity, LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, plasma glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and inflammatory biomarkers; no meta-analysis is reported.
Limitations
- The paper states that epidemiological data are limited and conclusions need strengthening in future case-control or cohort studies investigating long-term health benefits of berries in specific populations.
- The paper states that further rigorous, prospective studies are needed with large patient populations and outcomes including not only CVD biomarkers but also “hard” cardiovascular and metabolic endpoints, as well as comparative studies of whole berries versus purified anthocyanins and potential synergistic actions with other nutrients or medications.
- Evident from the text: the review is narrative rather than systematic, most intervention trials were short (4–12 weeks) and biomarker-focused, and only 2 of 20 trials reported significant systolic blood pressure effects, limiting conclusions about clinical cardiovascular outcomes.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
Integrity signals
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Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
0 of 117 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingcitation
A mean anthocyanin intake of 0.2 mg/day was associated with a significantly reduced risk of CVD mortality in postmenopausal women in the Iowa Women's Health Study.
“The data also reported that a mean anthocyanin intake of 0.2 mg/day was associated with a significantly reduced risk of CVD mortality in these postmenopausal women.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [28] Mink, 2007, Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women, Am J Clin Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- Findingcitation
The Iowa Women's Health Study showed a significant reduction in CVD mortality associated with strawberry intake in postmenopausal women (n = 34,489) during a 16-year follow-up period.
“Post-menopausal women (n = 34,489) participating in the Iowa Women’s Health Study, showed a significant reduction in CVD mortality associated with strawberry intake during a 16-year follow-up period.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [28] Mink, 2007, Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women, Am J Clin Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
In the Women's Health Study, blueberry intake was not significantly associated with risks of CVD or CRP.
“Blueberry intake was also examined in the study and no significant association was reported with risks of CVD or CRP.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [29] Sesso, 2007, Strawberry intake, lipids, C-reactive protein, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women, J Am Coll Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
In the Women's Health Study, during a follow-up period of approximately 11 years, a decreasing trend for CVD was observed for subjects consuming higher amounts of strawberries (P = 0.06).
“During a follow-up period of approximately 11 years, a decreasing trend for CVD was observed for subjects consuming higher amounts of strawberries (P = 0.06).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [29] Sesso, 2007, Strawberry intake, lipids, C-reactive protein, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women, J Am Coll Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
The Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study showed a significantly lower risk of CVD-related deaths among 1,950 men in the highest quartile of berry intake (>408 g/day) versus men with the lowest intake (<133 g/day) during a mean follow-up of 12.8 years.
“Data reported from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study (KIHD) showed a significantly lower risk of CVD-related deaths among 1,950 men in the highest quartile of berry intake (>408 g/day) versus men with the lowest intake (<133 g/day) during a mean follow-up of 12.8 years.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [27] Rissanen, 2003, Low intake of fruits, berries and vegetables is associated with excess mortality in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study, J Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
The Women's Health Study showed a borderline significant risk reduction of elevated C-reactive protein levels (≥3 mg/L) among women consuming higher amounts of strawberries (≥2 servings/week).
“The study also showed a borderline significant risk reduction of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (≥3 mg/L) among women consuming higher amounts of strawberries (≥2 servings/week).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [29] Sesso, 2007, Strawberry intake, lipids, C-reactive protein, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women, J Am Coll Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
In the KIHD study, a model adjusted for major CVD risk factors showed an inverse correlation between intakes of fruits, berries, and vegetables and serum haptoglobin.
“These findings were based on a model adjusted for major CVD risk factors, which further showed an inverse correlation between intakes of fruits, berries, and vegetables and serum haptoglobin, a marker of inflammation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [27] Rissanen, 2003, Low intake of fruits, berries and vegetables is associated with excess mortality in men: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor (KIHD) Study, J Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
Analyses of NHANES data (1999-2002) revealed a significant inverse association between serum CRP and anthocyanin intakes among US adults.
“Analyses of NHANES data (1999–2002) revealed a significant inverse association between serum CRP and anthocyanin intakes among US adults.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [31] Chun, 2008, Serum C-reactive protein concentrations are inversely associated with dietary flavonoid intake in U.S. adults, J Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
Purified anthocyanins from blueberries and strawberries added to drinking water prevented the development of dyslipidemia and obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet for 90 days.
“Purified anthocyanins from blueberries and strawberries added to drinking water were shown to prevent the development of dyslipidemia and obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet for a period of 90 days.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [71] Prior, 2009, Purified berry anthocyanins but not whole berries normalize lipid parameters in mice fed an obesogenic high fat diet, Mol Nutr Food Res source
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- Findingcitation
In a rat model of prediabetes and hyperlipidemia, dietary supplementation with chokeberry fruit extract for 4 weeks decreased activities of intestinal mucosal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrose).
“In a rat model of prediabetes and hyperlipidemia, Jurgoski et al.65 further demonstrated decreased activities of inńtestinal mucosal disaccharidases (maltase and sucrose) following dietary supplementation with chokeberry fruit extract for 4 weeks.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [65] Jurgoński, 2008, Ingestion of black chokeberry fruit extract leads to intestinal and systemic changes in a rat model of prediabetes and hyperlipidemia, Plant Foods Hum Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
In male C57Bl/6j mice fed a high-fat diet, blueberry powder supplementation attenuated inflammatory gene expressions versus the unsupplemented group.
“In an 8-week study, DeFuria et al. have shown the attenuation of inflammatory gene expressions in male C57Bl/6j mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with blueberry powder versus the unsupplemented group.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [64] DeFuria, 2009, Dietary blueberry attenuates whole-body insulin resistance in high fat-fed mice by reducing adipocyte death and its inflammatory sequelae, J Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
Administration of chokeberry juice for 30 days in rats fed a standard or 4% cholesterol-containing diet showed anti-hyperlipidemic effects of chokeberry juice in the cholesterol-fed group.
“Administration of chokeberry juice for 30 days in rats fed a standard or 4% cholesterol-containing diet, showed the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of chokeberry juice in the cholesterol-fed group.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [70] Valcheva-Kuzmanova, 2007, Antihyperlipidemic effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, Plant Foods Hum Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
Several lines of evidence indicate a role for berry anthocyanins in significantly decreasing oxidative damage and inflammation in cellular and animal models of CVD.
“Several lines of evidence indicate a role for berry anthocyanins in significantly decreasing oxidative damage and inflammation in cellular and animal models of CVD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 6 sources checked- cites [60] Youdim, 2000, Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress, Free Radic Biol Med source
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- cites [61] Serraino, 2003, Protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from blackberry extract against peroxynitrite-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular failure, Life Sci source
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- cites [62] Liu, 2008, Mulberry anthocyanin extracts inhibit LDL oxidation and macrophage-derived foam cell formation induced by oxidative LDL, J Food Sci source
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- cites [63] Youdim, 2002, Potential role of dietary flavonoids in reducing microvascular endothelium vulnerability to oxidative and inflammatory insults, J Nutr Biochem source
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- cites [64] DeFuria, 2009, Dietary blueberry attenuates whole-body insulin resistance in high fat-fed mice by reducing adipocyte death and its inflammatory sequelae, J Nutr source
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- cites [65] Jurgoński, 2008, Ingestion of black chokeberry fruit extract leads to intestinal and systemic changes in a rat model of prediabetes and hyperlipidemia, Plant Foods Hum Nutr source
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- Findingcitation
The anthocyanin fraction of blackberry extract inhibits NO biosynthesis in the murine monocyte/macrophage J774 cell line stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.
“Pergola et al. have reported inhibitory effects of the anthocyanin fraction of blackberry extract on NO biosynthesis in the murine monocyte/macrophage J774 cell line stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [67] Pergola, 2006, Inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis by anthocyanin fraction of blackberry extract, Nitric Oxide source
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- Findingcitation
Blueberry and cranberry anthocyanins reduce TNF-α induced upregulation of inflammatory mediators in human microvascular endothelial cells.
“Anthocyanins from berries commonly consumed in the United States, such as blueberries and cranberries, have been reported to reduce TNF-α induced upregulation of inflammatory mediators in human microvascular endothelial cells.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [63] Youdim, 2002, Potential role of dietary flavonoids in reducing microvascular endothelium vulnerability to oxidative and inflammatory insults, J Nutr Biochem source
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- Findingcitation
Elderberry anthocyanins are incorporated by endothelial cells following a 4-h incubation at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.
“Youdim et al. have reported the incorporation of elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells, following a 4-h incubation at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [60] Youdim, 2000, Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress, Free Radic Biol Med source
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- Findingcitation
Anthocyanins from blackberry extract protect against peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
“Anthocyanins from blackberry extract were shown to protect against peroxynitrite-induced oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [61] Serraino, 2003, Protective effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside from blackberry extract against peroxynitrite-induced endothelial dysfunction and vascular failure, Life Sci source
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- Findingcitation
Berry anthocyanins affect lipid metabolism in cellular and animal models of dyslipidemia.
“Berry anthocyanins have also been shown to affect lipid metabolism in cellular and animal models of dyslipidemia.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [70] Valcheva-Kuzmanova, 2007, Antihyperlipidemic effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, Plant Foods Hum Nutr source
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- cites [71] Prior, 2009, Purified berry anthocyanins but not whole berries normalize lipid parameters in mice fed an obesogenic high fat diet, Mol Nutr Food Res source
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- cites [72] Xia, 2007, Anthocyanin prevents CD40-activated proinflammatory signaling in endothelial cells by regulating cholesterol distribution, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol source
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- Findingcitation
Elderberry anthocyanins significantly decreased cytotoxicity caused by chemical inducers of oxidative stress.
“In addition to the cellular bioavailability, elderberry anthocyanins significantly decreased cytotoxicity caused by chemical inducers of oxidative stress.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [60] Youdim, 2000, Incorporation of the elderberry anthocyanins by endothelial cells increases protection against oxidative stress, Free Radic Biol Med source
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- Findingcitation
Some clinical studies have found antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of encapsulated berry supplements.
“Since some clinical studies have also found antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of encapsulated berry supplements, these forms may be suitable for the management of specific metabolic conditions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [37] Simeonov, 2002, Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus, Folia Med (Plovdiv.)
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- cites [47] Lee, 2008, Effect of cranberry extracts on lipid profiles in subjects with type 2 diabetes, Diabet Med source
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- cites [50] Qin, 2009, Anthocyanin supplementation improves serum LDL- and HDL-cholesterol concentrations associated with the inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein in dyslipidemic subjects, Am J Clin Nutr source
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- cites [51] Basu, 2009, Freeze-dried strawberry powder improves lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in women with metabolic syndrome: baseline and post intervention effects, Nutr J source
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- Findingcitation
Anthocyanin treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells regulates cholesterol distribution by interfering with the recruitment of TRAF-2 in lipid rafts, thereby inhibiting CD40-induced proinflammatory signaling.
“Anthocyanin treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was further demonstrated to regulate cholesterol distribution by interfering with the recruitment of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAF)-2 in lipid rafts, thereby inhibiting CD40-induced proinflammatory signaling.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [72] Xia, 2007, Anthocyanin prevents CD40-activated proinflammatory signaling in endothelial cells by regulating cholesterol distribution, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol source
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- Interpretationcitation
Berries do not seem to be commonly consumed fruits by the US population.
“Thus, berries do not seem to be commonly consumed fruits by the US population in spite of their benefits, as documented in emerging nutrition and health research.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [26] Bachman, 2008, Sources of food group intakes among the US population, 2001-2002, J Am Diet Assoc source
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- Interpretationcitation
These data indicate a significant gap between the actual amounts of fruit and vegetable consumption and the recommended number of servings for the US population.
“These data indicate a significant gap between the actual amounts of fruit and vegetable consumption and the recommended number of servings for the US population.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [25] Casagrande, 2007, Have Americans increased their fruit and vegetable intake? The trends between 1988 and 2002, Am J Prev Med source
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- Interpretationreasoning
Dietary inclusion of berries may be an effective strategy to counteract postprandial metabolic and oxidative stresses that are associated with CAD.
“Thus, dietary inclusion of berries may be an effective strategy to counteract postprandial metabolic and oxidative stresses that are associated with CAD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [54] O'Keefe, 2008, Dietary strategies for improving post-prandial glucose, lipids, inflammation, and cardiovascular health, J Am Coll Cardiol source
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- Premisecitation
Generation of NO by endothelial nitric oxide synthase plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by favorably modulating blood pressure and reducing endothelial dysfunction.
“While increased iNOS expression leads to the proinflammatory effects of NO, generation of NO by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis by favorably modulating blood pressure and reducing endothelial dysfunction.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Stampler, 1992, Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms, Science source
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- Interpretationreasoning
Animal and in vitro data show the potential of berries to ameliorate inflammation, glucose, and lipid abnormalities that contribute to CVD.
“These animal and in vitro data show the potential of berries to ameliorate inflammation, glucose, and lipid abnormalities that contribute to CVD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Findings from cellular and animal models of cardiovascular disease are relevant to the mechanisms by which berries affect human cardiovascular health.
- Premisecitation
Oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and CVD.
“Oxidative stress and inflammation play a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis and CVD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [58] Libby, 2007, Inflammatory mechanisms: the molecular basis of inflammation and disease, Nutr Rev source
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- cites [59] Real, 2009, Increased oxidative stress levels and normal antioxidant enzyme activity in circulating mononuclear cells from patients of familial hypercholesterolemia, Metabolism source
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- Premisecitation
Processing methods including drying and pasteurization decrease the nutritional value of berries.
“In light of the decrease in nutritional value that occurs during processing methods, including drying and pasteurization, consumption of fresh or frozen whole berries as part of a regular diet may be better than intake of juices or extracts, which do not have the same nutritional profiles as whole berries.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [14] Srivastava, 2007, Effect of storage conditions on the biological activity of phenolic compounds of blueberry extract packed in glass bottles, J Agric Food Chem source
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- cites [15] Hartmann, 2008, Influence of processing on quality parameters of strawberries, J Agric Food Chem source
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- cites [16] Wojdyło, 2009, Effect of drying methods with the application of vacuum microwaves on the bioactive compounds, color, and antioxidant activity of strawberry fruits, J Agric Food Chem source
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- Premisereasoning
Juices or extracts do not have the same nutritional profiles as whole berries.
“In light of the decrease in nutritional value that occurs during processing methods, including drying and pasteurization, consumption of fresh or frozen whole berries as part of a regular diet may be better than intake of juices or extracts, which do not have the same nutritional profiles as whole berries.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [14] Srivastava, 2007, Effect of storage conditions on the biological activity of phenolic compounds of blueberry extract packed in glass bottles, J Agric Food Chem source
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- cites [15] Hartmann, 2008, Influence of processing on quality parameters of strawberries, J Agric Food Chem source
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- cites [16] Wojdyło, 2009, Effect of drying methods with the application of vacuum microwaves on the bioactive compounds, color, and antioxidant activity of strawberry fruits, J Agric Food Chem source
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- May combine two claims. 25
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 3
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationFor both strawberries and blueberries, the significant reduction in relative risk was associated with at least once per week consumption.
“For both strawberries and blueberries, the significant reduction in relative risk was associated with at least once per week consumption.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [28] Mink, 2007, Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women, Am J Clin Nutr source
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May combine two claims.
FindingcitationBenefits of berry intervention were seen in healthy subjects and in those with existing metabolic risk factors.
“Benefits were seen in healthy subjects and in those with existing metabolic risk factors.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 10 sources checked- cites [32] Cao, 1998, Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women, J Nutr source
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- cites [33] Paiva, 1998, Postprandial plasma carotenoid responses following consumption of strawberries, red wine, vitamin C or spinach by elderly women, J Nutr source
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- cites [34] Marniemi, 2000, Partial resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in vivo after increased intake of berries, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
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- cites [35] Pedersen, 2000, Effects of blueberry and cranberry juice consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy female volunteers, Eur J Clin Nutr source
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- cites [36] van den Berg, 2001, A vegetable/fruit concentrate with high antioxidant capacity has no effect on biomarkers of antioxidant status in male smokers, J Nutr source
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- cites [37] Simeonov, 2002, Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus, Folia Med (Plovdiv.)
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- cites [38] Kay, 2002, The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on post prandial serum antioxidant status in human subjects, Br J Nutr source
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- cites [39] Mazza, 2002, Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects, J Agric Food Chem source
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- cites [40] Bub, 2003, Fruit juice consumption modulates antioxidative status, immune status and DNA damage, J Nutr Biochem source
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- cites [41] Chambers, 2003, Can cranberry supplementation benefit adults with type 2 diabetes?, Diabetes Care source
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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
FindingcitationCurrently, only 32% of adults and 13% of adolescents meet the goal of at least two servings of fruit per day.
“Currently, only 32% of adults and 13% of adolescents meet this goal of fruit intake.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [2] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007
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- cites [3] United States Department of Agriculture, 2004
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FindingcitationIn the Iowa Women's Health Study, for blueberries, an age- and energy-adjusted model showed a significant decrease in coronary heart disease mortality, though the significance did not persist following adjustment for other confounding variables.
“In the case of blueberries, an age- and energy-adjusted model showed a significant decrease in coronary heart disease mortality, though the significance did not persist following adjustment for other confounding variables.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [28] Mink, 2007, Flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease mortality: a prospective study in postmenopausal women, Am J Clin Nutr source
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May combine two claims.
FindingcitationHuman intervention studies using chokeberries, cranberries, blueberries, and strawberries (fresh, juice, or freeze-dried), or purified anthocyanin extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism.
“Human intervention studies using chokeberries, cranberries, blueberries, and strawberries (either fresh, or as juice, or freeze-dried), or purified anthocyanin extracts have demonstrated significant improvements in LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity, dyslipidemia, and glucose metabolism.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 10 sources checked- cites [32] Cao, 1998, Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women, J Nutr source
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- cites [33] Paiva, 1998, Postprandial plasma carotenoid responses following consumption of strawberries, red wine, vitamin C or spinach by elderly women, J Nutr source
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- cites [34] Marniemi, 2000, Partial resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in vivo after increased intake of berries, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
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- cites [35] Pedersen, 2000, Effects of blueberry and cranberry juice consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy female volunteers, Eur J Clin Nutr source
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- cites [36] van den Berg, 2001, A vegetable/fruit concentrate with high antioxidant capacity has no effect on biomarkers of antioxidant status in male smokers, J Nutr source
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- cites [37] Simeonov, 2002, Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus, Folia Med (Plovdiv.)
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- cites [38] Kay, 2002, The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on post prandial serum antioxidant status in human subjects, Br J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [39] Mazza, 2002, Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects, J Agric Food Chem source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [40] Bub, 2003, Fruit juice consumption modulates antioxidative status, immune status and DNA damage, J Nutr Biochem source
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- cites [41] Chambers, 2003, Can cranberry supplementation benefit adults with type 2 diabetes?, Diabetes Care source
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May combine two claims.
FindingcitationThe most significant outcomes of clinical studies show an increase in plasma or urinary antioxidant capacity, a decrease in LDL oxidation and lipid peroxidation, a decrease in plasma glucose or total cholesterol, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol following berry intervention.
“The most significant outcomes of these clinical studies show an increase in plasma or urinary antioxidant capacity, a decrease in LDL oxidation and lipid peroxidation, a decrease in plasma glucose or total cholesterol, and an increase in HDL-cholesterol following berry intervention.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 10 sources checked- cites [32] Cao, 1998, Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [33] Paiva, 1998, Postprandial plasma carotenoid responses following consumption of strawberries, red wine, vitamin C or spinach by elderly women, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [34] Marniemi, 2000, Partial resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in vivo after increased intake of berries, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [35] Pedersen, 2000, Effects of blueberry and cranberry juice consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy female volunteers, Eur J Clin Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [36] van den Berg, 2001, A vegetable/fruit concentrate with high antioxidant capacity has no effect on biomarkers of antioxidant status in male smokers, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [37] Simeonov, 2002, Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus, Folia Med (Plovdiv.)
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [38] Kay, 2002, The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on post prandial serum antioxidant status in human subjects, Br J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [39] Mazza, 2002, Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects, J Agric Food Chem source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [40] Bub, 2003, Fruit juice consumption modulates antioxidative status, immune status and DNA damage, J Nutr Biochem source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [41] Chambers, 2003, Can cranberry supplementation benefit adults with type 2 diabetes?, Diabetes Care source
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May combine two claims.
FindingcitationNone of the clinical studies showed any significant effect of berry intervention on biomarkers of inflammation, with the exception of a significant decrease in adhesion molecules following cranberry juice supplementation in healthy volunteers.
“Interestingly, none of these clinical studies showed any significant effect of berry intervention on biomarkers of inflammation, with the exception of a significant decrease in adhesion molecules following cranberry juice supplementation in healthy volunteers.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [46] Ruel, 2008, Low-calorie cranberry juice supplementation reduces plasma oxidized LDL and cell adhesion molecule concentrations in men, Br J Nutr source
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May combine two claims.
FindingcitationBerries were shown to increase plasma antioxidant capacity and to decrease lipid peroxidation in smokers who are at high risk of developing CVD.
“Berries were also shown to increase plasma antioxidant capacity36 and to decrease lipid peroxidation42 in smokers who are at high risk of developing CVD.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites [36] van den Berg, 2001, A vegetable/fruit concentrate with high antioxidant capacity has no effect on biomarkers of antioxidant status in male smokers, J Nutr source
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- cites [42] McAnulty, 2005, Effect of daily fruit ingestion on angiotensin converting enzyme activity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in chronic smokers, Free Radic Res source
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- cites [55] Suriñach, 2009, Differences in cardiovascular mortality in smokers, past-smokers and non-smokers: findings from the FRENA registry, Eur J Intern Med source
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May combine two claims.
FindingcitationOf 20 trials conducted using different varieties of fresh and processed berry products, only two showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure: one in healthy men following cranberry juice supplementation and the other in subjects with CVD risk factors following mixed berry supplementation.
“Of 20 trials conducted using different varieties of fresh and processed berry products, only two showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure: one was conducted in healthy men following cranberry juice supplementation46 and the other was in subjects with CVD risk factors following mixed berry supplementation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [46] Ruel, 2008, Low-calorie cranberry juice supplementation reduces plasma oxidized LDL and cell adhesion molecule concentrations in men, Br J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [49] Erlund, 2008, Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol, Am J Clin Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationMulberry anthocyanins inhibit oxidation of LDL and formation of foam cells in an in vitro model of atherosclerosis.
“Mulberry anthocyanins have also exhibited antioxidative and antiatherogenic affects, by inhibiting oxidation of LDL and formation of foamcells, respectively, in an in vitro model of atherosclerosis.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [62] Liu, 2008, Mulberry anthocyanin extracts inhibit LDL oxidation and macrophage-derived foam cell formation induced by oxidative LDL, J Food Sci source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationOf 20 trials reviewed, nine involved measures of post-prandial status, in which berry consumption was shown to significantly decrease postprandial oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation.
“Of 20 trials reviewed, nine involved measures of post-prandial status, in which berry consumption was shown to significantly decrease postprandial oxidative stress, especially lipid peroxidation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 9 sources checked- cites [32] Cao, 1998, Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [33] Paiva, 1998, Postprandial plasma carotenoid responses following consumption of strawberries, red wine, vitamin C or spinach by elderly women, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [34] Marniemi, 2000, Partial resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in vivo after increased intake of berries, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [35] Pedersen, 2000, Effects of blueberry and cranberry juice consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy female volunteers, Eur J Clin Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [37] Simeonov, 2002, Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus, Folia Med (Plovdiv.)
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [38] Kay, 2002, The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on post prandial serum antioxidant status in human subjects, Br J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [39] Mazza, 2002, Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects, J Agric Food Chem source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [42] McAnulty, 2005, Effect of daily fruit ingestion on angiotensin converting enzyme activity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in chronic smokers, Free Radic Res source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [48] Jensen, 2008, In vitro and in vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of an antioxidant-rich fruit and berry juice blend. Results of a pilot and randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover study, J Agric Food Chem source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationBlackberry anthocyanin extract inhibits inducible iNOS protein expression, thereby decreasing the inflammatory response in macrophages and inhibiting the formation of foam cells.
“The study also reported that blackberry anthocyanin extract inhibited inducible iNOS protein expression, thereby decreasing the inflammatory response in macrophages and inhibiting the formation of foam cells.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [67] Pergola, 2006, Inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis by anthocyanin fraction of blackberry extract, Nitric Oxide source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationIn the same study, blueberries showed protective effects against insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, reducing risk factors for CVD.
“This study also showed the protective effects of blueberries against insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, thus reducing the risk factors for CVD.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [64] DeFuria, 2009, Dietary blueberry attenuates whole-body insulin resistance in high fat-fed mice by reducing adipocyte death and its inflammatory sequelae, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationCyanidin-3-glucoside upregulates eNOS in bovine artery endothelial cells, and anthocyanin treatment (cyanidin and delphinidin) increases protein levels of eNOS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
“Xu et al. and Lazze et al. have reported the upregulation of eNOS by cyanidin-3-glucoside in bovine artery endothelial cells, and increased protein levels of eNOS by anthocyanin treatment (cyanidin and delphinidin) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [68] Xu, 2004, Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by cyanidin-3-glucoside, a typical anthocyanin pigment, Hypertension source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [69] Lazzè, 2006, Anthocyanidins decrease endothelin-1 production and increase endothelial nitric oxide synthase in human endothelial cells, Mol Nutr Food Res source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
FindingcitationClinical studies in healthy humans, subjects with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, or in smokers, show a significant decrease in CVD risk factors, especially glucose, lipids and lipid peroxidation, and systolic blood pressure, following berry intervention.
“Clinical studies in healthy humans, subjects with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, or in smokers, show a significant decrease in CVD risk factors, especially glucose, lipids and lipid peroxidation, and systolic blood pressure, following berry intervention.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 10 sources checked- cites [32] Cao, 1998, Serum antioxidant capacity is increased by consumption of strawberries, spinach, red wine or vitamin C in elderly women, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [33] Paiva, 1998, Postprandial plasma carotenoid responses following consumption of strawberries, red wine, vitamin C or spinach by elderly women, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [34] Marniemi, 2000, Partial resistance of low density lipoprotein to oxidation in vivo after increased intake of berries, Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [35] Pedersen, 2000, Effects of blueberry and cranberry juice consumption on the plasma antioxidant capacity of healthy female volunteers, Eur J Clin Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [36] van den Berg, 2001, A vegetable/fruit concentrate with high antioxidant capacity has no effect on biomarkers of antioxidant status in male smokers, J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [37] Simeonov, 2002, Effects of Aronia melanocarpa juice as part of the dietary regimen in patients with diabetes mellitus, Folia Med (Plovdiv.)
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [38] Kay, 2002, The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on post prandial serum antioxidant status in human subjects, Br J Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [39] Mazza, 2002, Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects, J Agric Food Chem source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [40] Bub, 2003, Fruit juice consumption modulates antioxidative status, immune status and DNA damage, J Nutr Biochem source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [41] Chambers, 2003, Can cranberry supplementation benefit adults with type 2 diabetes?, Diabetes Care source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenUnderlying mechanisms for the beneficial effects of berries are believed to include upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, decreased activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes, decreased oxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammatory gene expression and foam cell formation.
“Underlying mechanisms for these beneficial effects are believed to include upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, decreased activities of carbohydrate digestive enzymes, decreased oxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammatory gene expression and foam cell formation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Findings from cellular and animal models of cardiovascular disease are relevant to the mechanisms by which berries affect human cardiovascular health.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationConsumption of fruits and vegetables has been correlated with decreased risks of cardiovascular disease.
“Consumption of fruits and vegetables has been correlated with decreased risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 4 sources checked- cites [17] Liu, 2000, Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study, Am J Clin Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [18] Joshipura, 2001, The effect of fruit and vegetable intake on risk for coronary heart disease, Ann Intern Med source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [19] Bazzano, 2002, Fruit and vegetable intake and risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults: the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study, Am J Clin Nutr source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [20] Holt, 2009, Fruit and vegetable consumption and its relation to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in adolescents, J Am Diet Assoc source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationBerries are a good source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, micronutrients, and fiber.
“Berries are a good source of polyphenols, especially anthocyanins, micronutrients, and fiber.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [5] Agricultural Research Services, 2009
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [6] Agricultural Research Services, 2007
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningObservational data suggest a potential anti-inflammatory role of berry flavonoids, which may contribute to overall reduction of CVD risk.
“These observational data suggest a potential anti-inflammatory role of berry flavonoids, which may contribute to overall reduction of CVD risk.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationElevated CRP is significantly associated with inflammation and is a high risk factor of CVD.
“Elevated CRP has been significantly associated with inflammation and is a high risk factor of CVD.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [30] Ridker, 2000, C-reactive protein and other markers of inflammation in the prediction of cardiovascular disease in women, N Engl J Med source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationNitric oxide formed through activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase has proinflammatory effects, leading to increased vascular permeability, induction of inflammatory cytokines, and formation of peroxynitrite.
“Nitric oxide (NO), when formed through activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), has proinflammatory effects, leading to increased vascular permeability, induction of inflammatory cytokines, and the formation of peroxynitrite, a strong oxidizing agent.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [66] Stampler, 1992, Biochemistry of nitric oxide and its redox-activated forms, Science source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningBecause elevated plasma glucose, lipids, and lipid oxidation have been associated with coronary artery disease, these data suggest the potential role of edible berries in ameliorating these risk factors.
“Since elevated plasma glucose, lipids, and lipid oxidation have been associated with coronary artery disease (CAD),52,53 these data suggest the potential role of edible berries in ameliorating these risk factors.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites [52] Krentz, 2003, Lipoprotein abnormalities and their consequences for patients with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes Obes Metab source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites [53] Gupta, 2009, Correlation of antioxidants with lipid peroxidation and lipid profile in patients suffering from coronary artery disease, Expert Opin Ther Targets source
Not checked in the free run.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningBoth conventional berry products and purified anthocyanin extracts are effective forms of delivery for berry intervention.
“These studies ranged in duration from 4 to 12 weeks and used conventional berry products or purified anthocyanin extracts, suggesting that both these forms of delivery are effective.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningOn the basis of these data, berry anthocyanins may exert cardioprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through effects on iNOS activity, interfering with carbohydrate digestion and reducing glucose absorption, favorably modulating dyslipidemia, and upregulating eNOS expression so as to maintain normal vascular function and blood pressure.
“Thus, on the basis of these data, berry anthocyanins may exert cardioprotective effects by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through effects on iNOS activity, interfering with carbohydrate digestion and reducing glucose absorption, favorably modulating dyslipidemia, and upregulating eNOS expression so as to maintain normal vascular function and blood pressure.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Findings from cellular and animal models of cardiovascular disease are relevant to the mechanisms by which berries affect human cardiovascular health.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningBerries are emerging as a dietary source of multiple compounds and nutrients, including anthocyanins, flavonols, vitamins, and fiber, that reduce CVD risk.
“Berries are emerging as a dietary source of multiple compounds and nutrients, including anthocyanins, flavonols, vitamins, and fiber, that reduce CVD risk.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Improvements in CVD risk factors such as glucose, lipids, and lipid peroxidation following berry intervention translate into reduced cardiovascular disease risk.
May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe principal mechanisms of action underlying the potential cardio-protective effects of berries include counteracting free radical generation, attenuating inflammatory gene expression, downregulating foam cell formation, and upregulating eNOS expression; through these effects, progression of atherosclerosis is slowed and normal vascular function and blood pressure are preserved.
“The principal mechanisms of action underlying the potential cardio-protective effects of berries include counteracting free radical generation, attenuating inflammatory gene expression, downregulating foam cell formation, and upregulating eNOS expression; through these effects, progression of atherosclerosis is slowed and normal vascular function and blood pressure are preserved.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Findings from cellular and animal models of cardiovascular disease are relevant to the mechanisms by which berries affect human cardiovascular health.
- Rests on an assumption: Improvements in CVD risk factors such as glucose, lipids, and lipid peroxidation following berry intervention translate into reduced cardiovascular disease risk.
The paper relies on this without support.
Findings from cellular and animal models of cardiovascular disease are relevant to the mechanisms by which berries affect human cardiovascular health.
“These animal and in vitro data show the potential of berries to ameliorate inflammation, glucose, and lipid abnormalities that contribute to CVD.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Improvements in CVD risk factors such as glucose, lipids, and lipid peroxidation following berry intervention translate into reduced cardiovascular disease risk.
“Clinical studies in healthy humans, subjects with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, or in smokers, show a significant decrease in CVD risk factors, especially glucose, lipids and lipid peroxidation, and systolic blood pressure, following berry intervention.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Functional foods attempt to improve health by incorporating bioactive compounds that may alter lipid, vascular, and other metabolic pathways, microbiome composition and function, and digestive and inflammatory systems.
“Similar to dietary supplements, functional foods attempt to improve health by incorporating bioactive compounds that may alter lipid, vascular, and other metabolic pathways, microbiome composition and function, and digestive and inflammatory systems.114-121”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [114]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Smoker study is described as both increasing and not affecting antioxidant status
MinorThe text cites reference 36 for an increase in plasma antioxidant capacity in smokers, but that reference's title says the intervention had no effect on biomarkers of antioxidant status in male smokers.
“Berries were also shown to increase plasma antioxidant capacity36 and to decrease lipid peroxidation42 in smokers who are at high risk of developing CVD.55”
“A vegetable/fruit concentrate with high antioxidant capacity has no effect on biomarkers of antioxidant status in male smokers”
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“Reference Duration Study design Study subjects Control Berry intervention Significant findings Cao et al. (1998)32 Postprandial Controlled trial Eight healthy female subjects (mean age, 67 ± 0.6 years) Coconut drink 240 g strawberries added to the control drink Increase in plasma vitamin C, serum…”
InfluentialHow should we assess the effects of exposure to dietary polyphenols in vitro?
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Absorption of anthocyanins from blueberries and serum antioxidant status in human subjects
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“…years) High-fat meal (McDonald’s Corp.) High-fat meal supplemented with 100 g freeze-dried wild blueberry powder Increase in serum antioxidant status (P < 0.05) Mazza et al. (2002)39 Postprandial phases, one week apart Single-blind crossover study Five male subjects (mean age, 47 ± 2 years)…”
InfluentialIqbal, R., Anand, S., Ounpuu, S., Islam, S., Zhang, X., Rangarajan, S., Chifamba, J., Al-Hinai, A., Keltai, M., & Yusuf, S. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.738716 · Cited by 447 · see citing works
Favorable effects of berry consumption on platelet function, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol
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Have Americans increased their fruit and vegetable intake? The trends between 1988 and 2002
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“…the end of 4 weeks of 250 mL/day cranberry juice intake (P < 0.01); decreases in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference at the end of the study (P < 0.05) Duthie et al. (2006)45 Two weeks Randomized controlled trial Twenty healthy female volunteers (mean age, 28 ± 7 years) Natural mineral…”
InfluentialVeberič, R., Jakopič, J., STAMPAR, F., et al. (2008) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.080 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)
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InfluentialFruit juice consumption modulates antioxidative status, immune status and DNA damage
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“…± 2 years) High-fat meal (McDonald’s Corp.) High-fat meal supplemented with 100 g freeze-dried wild blueberry powder Increase in serum antioxidant status (P < 0.05) Bub et al. (2003)40 Ten weeks Randomized crossover study Twenty-seven non-smoking men (mean age, 35 ± 4 years) None Anthocyanin-rich…”
InfluentialLipoprotein abnormalities and their consequences for patients with type 2 diabetes
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“…± 4.04 years) None 200 mL chokeberry juice (Aronia melanocarpa) Decrease in fasting glucose, HbA1C, and lipids (P < 0.001) in the three-month intervention Kay and Holub (2002)38 Postprandial phases, one week apart Single-blind crossover study Eight middleaged male subjects (mean age, 47 ± 2…”
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Sources of food group intakes among the US population, 2001-2002
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“…(P = 0.07), and slight increase in serum antioxidant capacity (P = 0.08) in berry group; decrease in LDL oxidation in postprandial study (P < 0.05) Pedersen et al. (2000)35 Postprandial Randomized controlled trial Nine healthy female volunteers (mean age, 31 ± 2 years) 9% (w/v) sucrose in…”
InfluentialInhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis by anthocyanin fraction of blackberry extract
Pergola, C., Rossi, A., Dugo, P., Cuzzocrea, S., & Sautebin, L. (2006) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/j.niox.2005.10.003 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
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“…decreased LDLcholesterol, decreased mass and activity of plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein in anthocyanin group versus placebo (P < 0.05) Basu et al. (2009)51 Four weeks Baseline and postintervention effects Sixteen women with metabolic syndrome (mean age, 51 ± 9.1 years) None…”
InfluentialSelf-citationBehavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)
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Effect of cranberry extracts on lipid profiles in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Lee, I. T., Chan, Y. C., Lin, C. W., Lee, W. J., & Sheu, W. H. (2008) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2008.02588.x · Cited by 150 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…for 4 weeks Decrease in plasma ox-LDL, adhesion molecules (ICAM, VCAM), and systolic blood pressure following cranberry intervention at 12 or 16 weeks (P < 0.05) Lee et al. (2008)47 Twelve weeks Randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind study Thirty type 2 diabetic subjects (mean age, 65 ± 1…”
InfluentialRuel, G., Pomerleau, S., Couture, P., Lamarche, B., & Couillard, C. (2005) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.031 · Cited by 148 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…supplements Acute or daily consumption of 250 g blueberries Decrease in lipid hydroperoxides in blueberry group versus control at 3 weeks (P < 0.001) Ruel et al. (2005)43 Fourteen days Baseline and postintervention effects Twenty-one healthy men (mean age, 38 ± 8 years) None 7 mL/kg body…”
Influentialvan den Berg, R., van Vliet, T., Broekmans, W. M. R., Cnubben, N. H. P., Vaes, W. H. J., Roza, L., Haenen, G. R. M. M., Bast, A., & van den Berg, H. (2001) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/131.6.1714 · Cited by 144 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…(Ocean Spray, UK) Increase in plasma antioxidant capacity, vitamin C and phenols with cranberry juice (P < 0.05); no effects with blueberry juice Van den Berg et al. (2001)36 Three weeks with a twoweek washout period Randomized controlled crossover trial Twenty-two male smokers (mean age, 33 ± 11…”
InfluentialPrior, R. L., Wu, X., Gu, L., Hager, T., Hager, A., Wilkes, S., & Howard, L. (2009) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200900026 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Jurgoński, A., Juśkiewicz, J., & Zduńczyk, Z. (2008) · Plant Foods for Human Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s11130-008-0087-7 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Ruel, G., Pomerleau, S., Couture, P., Lemieux, S., Lamarche, B., & Couillard, C. (2006) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn20061814 · Cited by 122 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…Cranberry Juice, Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc., USA) Decrease in plasma ox-LDL (P < 0.05); increase in plasma antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) at 14 days Ruel et al. (2006)44 Four successive 4- week phase (including 4- week run-in phase) Placebo-controlled trial Thirty healthy men (mean age,…”
InfluentialAntihyperlipidemic effect of Aronia melanocarpa fruit juice in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet
VALCHEVA-KUZMANOVA, S., KUZMANOV, K., MIHOVA, V., KRASNALIEV, I., BORISOVA, P., & BELCHEVA, A. (2007) · Plant Foods for Human Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s11130-006-0036-2 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Influence of processing on quality parameters of strawberries
Hartmann, A., Patz, C.-D., Andlauer, W., Dietrich, H., & Ludwig, M. (2008) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf801555q · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Liu, L. ‐., Lee, H. ‐., Shih, Y. ‐., Chyau, C. ‐., & Wang, C. ‐. (2008) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00801.x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Ruel, G., Pomerleau, S., Couture, P., Lemieux, S., Lamarche, B., & Couillard, C. (2008) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114507811986 · Cited by 96 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…UK); 750 mL/day (3 × 250 mL) No effects on blood or cellular antioxidant status, lipid status, or oxidative DNA damage in cranberry group versus placebo (P > 0.05) Ruel et al. (2008)46 Sixteen weeks Successive 4-week phases of increasing dose of cranberry juice Thirty healthy men (mean age, 51 ±…”
InfluentialXia, M., Ling, W., Zhu, H., Wang, Q., Ma, J., Hou, M., Tang, Z., Li, L., & Ye, Q. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.0000254672.04573.2d · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Simeonov, S. B., Botushanov, N. P., Karahanian, E. B., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Vitolins, M. Z., Anderson, A. M., Delahanty, L., Raynor, H., Miller, G. D., Mobley, C., Reeves, R., Yamamoto, M., Champagne, C., Wing, R. R., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.016 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
In vivo antioxidative capacity of a composite berry juice
Netzel, M. E., Straß, G., Kaul, C., Bitsch, I., Dietrich, H., & Bitsch, R. (2002) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/s0963-9969(01)00186-7 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Bakowska-Barczak, A. M., Marianchuk, M., & Kolodziejczyk, P. (2007) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y07-102 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Lazzè, M. C., Pizzala, R., Perucca, P., Cazzalini, O., Savio, M., Forti, L., Vannini, V., & Bianchi, L. (2006) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.200500134 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lee, S., Park, S.-A., Ko, S., et al. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.07.019 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
McAnulty, S. R., McAnulty, L. S., Morrow, J. D., Khardouni, D., Shooter, L., Monk, J., Gross, S., & Brown, V. (2005) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715760500306836 · Cited by 80 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…as placebo capsules (6 capsules/day) Cranberry juice concentrate powder (6 capsules/day) No effect on fasting glucose, lipids, or HbA1C (P > 0.05) McAnulty et al. (2005)42 Three weeks or postprandial Randomized controlled trial Twenty smokers (mean age: blueberry group, 26 ± 3.3; control…”
InfluentialCan cranberry supplementation benefit adults with type 2 diabetes?
Chambers, B. K., & Camire, M. E. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.9.2695-a · Cited by 74 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript Reference Duration Study design Study subjects Control Berry intervention Significant findings Chambers and Camire (2003)41 Twelve weeks Randomized controlled trial Twenty-seven adults with type 2 diabetes (mean age, 56 ± 13 years) Colored…”
Strawberry intake, lipids, C-reactive protein, and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women
Sesso, H. D., Gaziano, J. M., Jenkins, D. J. A., & Buring, J. E. (2007) · Journal of the American College of Nutrition · doi:10.1080/07315724.2007.10719615 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Gupta, S., Sodhi, S., & Mahajan, V. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728220903099668 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
US and France adult fruit and vegetable consumption patterns: an international comparison
Tamers, S. L., Agurs‐Collins, T., Dodd, K., & Nebeling, L. C. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2008.2 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
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Wojdyło, A., Oszmiański, J., & Bober, I. (2008) · European Food Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s00217-008-0818-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
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Paiva, S. A., Yeum, K.-J., Cao, G., Prior, R. L., & Russell, R. M. (1998) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/128.12.2391 · Cited by 27 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…± 0.6 years) Coconut drink 240 g strawberries added to the control drink Increase in plasma vitamin C, serum and urine antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) Paiva et al. (1998)33 Postprandial Controlled trial Seven healthy elderly women (mean age, 67 ± 0.6 years) 378 mL coconut drink 240 g fresh, whole,…”
InfluentialDifferences in cardiovascular mortality in smokers, past-smokers and non-smokers
Suriñach, J. M., Álvarez, L. R., Coll, R., Carmona, J. A., Sanclemente, C., Aguilar, E., & Monreal, M. (2009) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2009.05.007 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Eating Disorders in 12- to 16-Year-Old Diabetic and Nondiabetic Adolescents From Barcelona, Spain
García-Reyna, N. I., Gussinyer, S., Gussinyer, M., et al. (2003) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.26.9.2695 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
- United States Department of Agriculture, 2004, Economic Research Service: Agriculture Information Bulletin 792.7
- Agricultural Research Services, 2009, National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Service Release 22
- Agricultural Research Services, 2007, Database for the Flavonoid Content of Selected Foods Release 2.1, 2007
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Sorted by citations
Mozaffarian, D. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018585 · Cited by 2,216 · see citing works
Health Benefits of Fruits and Vegetables
Slavin, J. L., & Lloyd, B. B. (2012) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.112.002154 · Cited by 2,140 · see citing works
The strawberry: Composition, nutritional quality, and impact on human health
Giampieri, F., Tulipani, S., Álvarez-Suárez, J. M., Quiles, J. L., Mezzetti, B., & Battino, M. A. (2011) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2011.08.009 · Cited by 1,051 · see citing works
“Co reviewed, with particular attention given to recent evidence on the impact of berries on cardiovascular health [11] and cancer prevention [12–14].”
Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Different Types of Berries
Škrovánková, S., Sumczynski, D., Mlček, J., Juríková, T., & Sochor, J. (2015) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms161024673 · Cited by 1,009 · see citing works
“This could reduce the risk of incidence of thrombosis [54,55].”
BackgroundWallace, T. C., Bailey, R. L., Blumberg, J. B., Burton-Freeman, B., Chen, C.-Y. O., Crowe-White, K. M., Drewnowski, A., Hooshmand, S., Johnson, E., Lewis, R., et al. (2020) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2019.1632258 · Cited by 638 · see citing works
“We included all systematic reviews with or without meta-analyses of human studies with a healthrelated outcome (e.g., CVD, cancer, mortality, etc).”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of dietary polyphenols on metabolic syndrome features in humans: a systematic review
Amiot, M. J., Riva, C., & Vinet, A. (2016) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.12409 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
“Considering these trials, it is difficult to understand the beneficial role of anthocyanins in lipid improvement because strawberries and cranberries displayed the lowest anthocyanin contents among the berries tested whereas chokeberries and bilberries had the highest levels (39).”
BackgroundPolyphenols: Benefits to the Cardiovascular System in Health and in Aging
Khurana, S., Venkataraman, K., Hollingsworth, A., Piché, M., & Tai, T. C. (2013) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu5103779 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
“The cardioprotective effects of berry and fruit polyphenols range from their anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties to their ability to modulate platelet aggregation and aid in recovery from ischemia reperfusion injury [39,197].”
BackgroundBioavailability of anthocyanins
Fang, J. (2014) · Drug Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.3109/03602532.2014.978080 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
“Anthocyanins in gastrointestinal tissues can achieve mM concentrations similar to those used in in vitro studies on the biomedical effects of anthocyanins (Basu et al., 2010b, Chen & Chen, 2013; Giacalone et al., 2011; Kay et al., 2012; Tsuda, 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialHealth Benefits of Anthocyanins and Their Encapsulation for Potential Use in Food Systems: A Review
Yousuf, B., Gul, K., Wani, A. A., & Singh, P. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.805316 · Cited by 407 · see citing works
“Other health benefits of anthocyanins include allergy relief, healthy heart (Basu et al., 2010; Wallace, 2011), better eyesight (Ghosh and Konishi, 2007), ulcer treatment, and cognitive function (Moskovitz et al.”
BackgroundZifkin, M., Jin, A., Ozga, J. A., Zaharia, L. I., Schernthaner, J. P., Gesell, A., Abrams, S. R., Kennedy, J. A., & Constabel, C. P. (2011) · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY · doi:10.1104/pp.111.180950 · Cited by 318 · see citing works
“The major health benefits linked to the consumption of blueberries include a reduced risk for cardiovascular (Basu et al., 2010) and neurodegenerative (Neto, 2007) diseases.”
BackgroundCranberries and Their Bioactive Constituents in Human Health
Blumberg, J. B., Camesano, T. A., Cassidy, A., Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Howell, A. B., Manach, C., Ostertag, L. M., Sies, H., Skulas‐Ray, A. C., & Vita, J. A. (2013) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.113.004473 · Cited by 313 · see citing works
“There is a large body of work showing that cranberry bioactives have antioxidant effects in vitro and in vivo in experimental models, and it seems plausible that such effects might contribute to benefits from cranberry consumption (7,108).”
BackgroundPromising Health Benefits of the Strawberry: A Focus on Clinical Studies
Afrin, S., Gasparrini, M., Forbes-Hernández, T. Y., Reboredo‐Rodríguez, P., Mezzetti, B., Varela‐López, A., Giampieri, F., & Battino, M. A. (2016) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00857 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Salehi, B., Sharifi-Rad, J., Cappellini, F., Reiner, Ž., Zorzan, D., Imran, M., Sener, B., Kilic, M., El-Shazly, M., Fahmy, N. M., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.01300 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Fruit Polyphenols: A Review of Anti-inflammatory Effects in Humans
Joseph, S. V., Edirisinghe, I., & Burton‐Freeman, B. M. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.767221 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
“Basu et al. (2010a) conducted a single blinded, parallel arm study in which 48 men and women with MetS consumed 50 g of freeze dried blueberry powder (equivalent to 350 g of the fresh fruit) in the form of a water-based beverage.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialComplexity and health functionality of plant cell wall fibers from fruits and vegetables
Padayachee, A., Day, L., Howell, K. S., & Gidley, M. J. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2013.850652 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
“…fruits, including purple/black carrot (Gajewski et al., 2007; Arscott and Tanumihardjo, 2010), purple sweet potato (Harada et al., 2004), red cabbage (McDougall et al., 2007), berries (Basu et al., 2010), and red grapes (including red grape products like red wine and juice) (Frank et al., 2003).”
BackgroundTiwari, U., & Cummins, E. (2011) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2011.09.007 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Uusitupa, M. I. J., Hermansen, K., Savolainen, M. J., Schwab, U., Kolehmainen, M., Brader, L., Mortensen, L. S., Cloetens, L., Johansson‐Persson, A., Önning, G., et al. (2013) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.12044 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Current evidence on the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on chronic diseases
Costa, C., Tsatsakis, A. M., Mamoulakis, C., Teodoro, M., Briguglio, G., Caruso, E., Tsoukalas, D., Margina, D. M., Dardiotis, E., Kouretas, D., et al. (2017) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2017.10.023 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Fracassetti, D., da Costa, C. A. S., Moulay, L., & Tomás-Barberán, F. A. (2013) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.01.121 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins
Kapoor, L., Simkin, A. J., Doss, C. G. P., & Siva, R. (2022) · BMC Plant Biology · doi:10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and cardiovascular diseases
Kruger, M. J., Davies, N. H., Myburgh, K. H., & Lecour, S. (2014) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.046 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Antioxidant Potential Overviews of Secondary Metabolites (Polyphenols) in Fruits
Swallah, M. S., Sun, H., Affoh, R., Fu, H., & Yu, H. (2020) · International Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1155/2020/9081686 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
“Phytochemicals can be welldefined as compounds obtained from plants and are considered not to possess any essential nutritional values but have abundant bioactive properties that give environmental protection and encouraging beneficial human health [65, 66].”
BackgroundBlueberries and Their Anthocyanins: Factors Affecting Biosynthesis and Properties
Routray, W., & Orsat, V. (2011) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00164.x · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Mirmiran, P. (2014) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v5.i3.267 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of the cardiovascular protective effects of polyphenols
Andriantsitohaina, R., Auger, C., Chataigneau, T., Étienne-Selloum, N., Li, H., Martínez, M. C., Schini‐Kerth, V. B., & Laher, I. (2012) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512003406 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
“The intake of polyphenol-rich sources such as red wine, cocoa, green tea and berries also improves cardiovascular health((16,17)).”
BackgroundPeterson, J. J., Dwyer, J. T., Jacques, P. F., & McCullough, M. L. (2012) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00508.x · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of Fermented Plant Foods
Shahbazi, R., Sharifzad, F., Bagheri, R., Alsadi, N., Yasavoli‐Sharahi, H., & Matar, C. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13051516 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“Various berries have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities [60,61], reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases [58], neurodegenerative disease [62], diabetes mellitus [63], and protect against cancer [64].”
BackgroundInfluentialSystematic Review of Anthocyanins and Markers of Cardiovascular Disease
Wallace, T. C., Slavin, M., & Frankenfeld, C. L. (2016) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu8010032 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
“It is possible that anthocyanins may have the ability to modulate low-grade inflammation, as consumption of anthocyanin-rich foods such as berries have been suggested to affect many inflammatory markers of CVD in vivo [4].”
BackgroundInfluentialHealth promoting properties of blueberries: a review
Silva, S., Costa, E. M., Veiga, M., Morais, R. M. S. C., Calhau, C., & Pintado, M. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2018.1518895 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“…nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), of COX-2 expression which is frequently upregulated in CVD and inhibition of the NF-jB pathway) may also play an important role in reducing the risk of developing these pathologies (Danesh et al. 2000; Riso et al. 2013; Basu, Rhone, and Lyons 2010; Zhang et al. 2008).”
BackgroundOtto, M. C. D. O., Alonso, Á., Lee, D., Delclos, G. L., Bertoni, A. G., Jiang, R., Lima, J. A. C., Symanski, E., Jacobs, D. R., & Nettleton, J. A. (2012) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.111.149781 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
de Mello, V. D., Schwab, U., Kolehmainen, M., Köenig, W., Siloaho, M., Poutanen, K. S., Mykkänen, H. M., & Uusitupa, M. I. J. (2011) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-011-2285-3 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Experimental studies support a role for phenolic compounds, present in bilberries, in the prevention of inflammatory diseases including CVD [17].”
BackgroundNeuroprotective effects of berry fruits on neurodegenerative diseases
Essa, M. M., Subash, S., Al‐Adawi, S., Memon, M. A., Manivasagam, T., & Akbar, M. D. (2014) · Neural Regeneration Research · doi:10.4103/1673-5374.139483 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“The neuroprotective effects of strawberry, bilberry, black currant, blackberry, blueberry and mulberry, were demonstrated by many scholars (Basu et al., 2010; Rendeiro et al., 2012).”
BackgroundThe Healthy Effects of Strawberry Polyphenols: Which Strategy behind Antioxidant Capacity?
Forbes-Hernández, T. Y., Gasparrini, M., Afrin, S., Bompadre, S., Mezzetti, B., Quiles, J. L., Giampieri, F., & Battino, M. A. (2015) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408398.2015.1051919 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“Several human studies performed in heterogeneous populations (healthy and obese subjects, subjects with type 2 diabetes, and subjects with metabolic syndrome) have demonstrated that strawberry supplementation decreases circulating levels of CRP (Edirisinghe et al., 2011; Moazen et al., 2013) and VCAM-1 (Basu et al., 2…”
BackgroundInfluentialAntioxidant capacity: Which capacity and how to assess it?
Niki, E. (2011) · Journal of Berry Research · doi:10.3233/jbr-2011-018 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
“For example, many studies have shown that berries are rich in many kinds of antioxidants [3, 4].”
BackgroundDietary composition and nutrient content of the New Nordic Diet
Mithril, C. E., Dragsted, L. O., Meyer, C., Tetens, I., Biltoft-Jensen, A. P., & Astrup, A. V. (2012) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s1368980012004521 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
“Studies have shown that with an increasing intake of fruits or vegetables there is a proportional decrease in the risk of CVD((15,16)), overweight and obesity((17)) and probably of certain cancers((18,19)).”
BackgroundHanlon, P. R., & Barnes, D. M. (2011) · Journal of Food Science · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01972.x · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The potential health benefits of haskap ( Lonicera caerulea L.): Role of cyanidin-3- O -glucoside
Rupasinghe, H. P. V., Arumuggam, N., Amararathna, M., & Silva, A. B. K. H. D. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.023 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“…in general, are capable of inducing NO production by upregulating the expression of eNOS, where NO helps to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis by favorably regulating blood pressure and improving vascular endothelial function and permeability (Basu et al., 2010; Ignarro, Napoli, & Loscalzo, 2002).”
BackgroundNuts and Berries for Heart Health
Ros, E., Tapsell, L. C., & Sabaté, J. (2010) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-010-0132-5 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Anthocyanin profiles in south Patagonian wild berries by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS
Ruíz, A., Hermosín‐Gutiérrez, I., Vergara, C., et al. (2013) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2013.01.043 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Borowska, S., & Brzoska, M. M. (2016) · Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety · doi:10.1111/1541-4337.12221 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
The potential impact of strawberry on human health
Giampieri, F., Álvarez-Suárez, J. M., Mazzoni, L., Romandini, S., Bompadre, S., Diamanti, J., Capocasa, F., Mezzetti, B., Quiles, J. L., Ferreiro, M. S., et al. (2012) · Natural Product Research · doi:10.1080/14786419.2012.706294 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
“For instance, the addition of berries to the diet can positively affect risk factors for CVD by inhibiting inflammation, improving endothelial function, inhibiting platelet aggregation, improving plasma lipid profile, modulating the eicosanoid metabolism, scavenging free radicals and increasing LDL resistance to oxida…”
BackgroundIslam, M. A., Alam, F., Solayman, M., Khalil, M. I., Kamal, M. A., & Gan, S. H. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/5137431 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Strawberries, Blueberries, and Cranberries in the Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Perspectives
Basu, A., & Lyons, T. J. (2012) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf203488k · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationZunino, S. J., Parelman, M. A., Freytag, T. L., Stephensen, C. B., Kelley, D. S., Mackey, B. E., Woodhouse, L. R., & Bonnel, E. L. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511006027 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
“Antioxidant status was shown to increase in several clinical trials with consumption of strawberries or other berries, in either postprandial or longer-term protocols (reviewed in Basu et al.((18))).”
BackgroundInfluentialYang, P., Yuan, C., Wang, H., et al. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23020354 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Puupponen‐Pimiä, R., Seppänen‐Laakso, T., Kankainen, M., Maukonen, J., Törrönen, R., Kolehmainen, M., Leppänen, T., Moilanen, E., Nohynek, L. J., Aura, A., et al. (2013) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300280 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Anticancer effects of bioactive berry compounds
Folmer, F., Basavaraju, U., Jaspars, M., Hold, G. L., El-Omar, E. M., Dicato, M. A., & Diederich, M. F. (2013) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-013-9319-z · Cited by 112 · see citing works
In Vitro Release Kinetics of Microencapsulated Materials and the Effect of the Food Matrix.
Flores, F., & Kong, F. (2017) · Annual Review of Food Science and Technology · doi:10.1146/annurev-food-030216-025720 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Lankinen, M. A., Schwab, U., Kolehmainen, M., Paananen, J., Poutanen, K. S., Mykkänen, H. M., Seppänen‐Laakso, T., Gylling, H. K., Uusitupa, M. I. J., & Orešič, M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022646 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“Human intervention studies using berries or anthocyanin extracts have also demonstrated significant improvements in low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity and dyslipidemia [14].”
BackgroundAhrén, I. L., Xu, J., Önning, G., Olsson, C., Ahrné, S., & Molin, G. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.08.009 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“The anti-hypertensive activity of berries has previously been studied in clinical trials and animal models [21].”
BackgroundDietary Polyphenols in the Prevention of Stroke
Tresserra‐Rimbau, A., Arranz, S., Eder, M., & Vallverdú‐Queralt, A. (2017) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2017/7467962 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Diets enriched in anthocyanins from blueberries provide neuroprotection after stroke induced in rats due to their antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties [63, 64].”
BackgroundShin, J. Y., Kim, J. Y., Kang, H., Han, K., & Shim, J. (2015) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2015.1025716 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“In the Basu et al. (2010b) study, patients were treated with strawberries (27 total patients, 12 controls, 15 interventions) for 8 weeks.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMoazen, S., Amani, R., Rad, A. H., Shahbazian, H. B., Angali, K. A., & Jalali, M. T. (2013) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000356053 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Fang, J. (2014) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf405356b · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Basu, A., Schell, J., & Scofield, R. H. (2017) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo01435j · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationBasu, A., Du, F., Planinić, P., Ebersole, J. L., Lyons, T. J., & Alexander, J. M. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa435 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
“Among the fruits and vegetables that merit investigation in the prevention of diabetes and GDM, blueberries stand out as a rich source of polyphenolic flavonoids, phenolic acids, several micronutrients, and fiber; they are also low in total calories (58).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFlavonoids from Fruit and Vegetables: A Focus on Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Toh, J. Y., Tan, V. M. H., Lim, P. C. Y., Lim, S. T., & Chong, M. F. (2013) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-013-0368-y · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Dietary strategies to recover from exercise-induced muscle damage
Sousa, M., Teixeira, V. H., & Soares, J. M. (2013) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2013.849662 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“, 2009), and also to positively influence the NO metabolism (Basu et al., 2010; Pergola et al., 2006).”
BackgroundComparative transcriptome analysis of genes involved in anthocyanin synthesis in blueberry
Lin, Y., Wang, Y., Li, B., et al. (2018) · Plant Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.034 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Aptekmann, N. P., & Cesar, T. B. (2013) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-12-119 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of coronary artery disease and this effect is attributed mainly to the functional and antioxidant actions of vitamins and phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids [1-5].”
BackgroundBerries and oxidative stress markers: an overview of human intervention studies
Bo’, C. D., Martini, D., Porrini, M., Klimis‐Zacas, D. J., & Riso, P. (2015) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c5fo00657k · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Jurgoński, A., Juśkiewicz, J., & Zduńczyk, Z. (2013) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2012.11.006 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Anti-diabetic actions of Berry polyphenols – Review on proposed mechanisms of action
Edirisinghe, I., & Burton‐Freeman, B. M. (2016) · Journal of Berry Research · doi:10.3233/jbr-160137 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
“Berry fruits, a rich source of polyphenolic compounds have been consistently shown to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation [13, 27].”
Dietary berries, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes: an overview of human feeding trials
Calvano, A., Izuora, K. E., Oh, E. C. T., Ebersole, J. L., Lyons, T. J., & Basu, A. (2019) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c9fo01426h · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationPotential health benefits of anthocyanins in oxidative stress related disorders
Alam, M. A., Islam, P., Subhan, N., Rahman, M. M., Khan, F., Burrows, G. E., Nahar, L., & Sarker, S. D. (2021) · Phytochemistry Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11101-021-09757-1 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“…in in vivo and in vitro models of various chronic disease conditions such as cardiovascular disease, ophthalmic disorders, obesity, type II diabetes and atherosclerosis (Toufektsian et al. 2008; Seymour et al. 2009; Basu et al. 2010; Kalt et al. 2010; Mauray et al. 2012; Blesso, 2019).”
BackgroundPimpão, R. C., Dew, T. P., Figueira, M. E., McDougall, G. J., Stewart, D., Ferreira, R. B., dos Santos, C. N., & Williamson, G. (2014) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201300822 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“risk of cardiovascular/inflammatory diseases [1, 2] as well as of Alzheimer’s disease and other neuropathies [3].”
BackgroundGrunovaitė, L., Pukalskienė, M., Pukalskas, A., & Venskutonis, P. R. (2016) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.018 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Décendit, A., Mamani‐Matsuda, M., Aumont, V., Waffo‐Téguo, P., Moynet, D. J., Boniface, K., Richard, E., Krisa, S., Rambert, J., Mérillon, J., et al. (2013) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2013.06.010 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Harris, C. S., Cuerrier, A., Lamont, E. V., Haddad, P. S., Arnason, J. T., Bennett, S. A. L., & Johns, T. (2014) · Plant Foods for Human Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s11130-014-0403-3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“Promising evidence in human, animal and cellular studies specifically links berry consumption to lower risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and associated complications, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases [2–5].”
BackgroundAnthocyanins from Eugenia brasiliensis edible fruits as potential therapeutics for COPD treatment
Flores, G., Dastmalchi, K., Paulino, S., et al. (2012) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.086 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Gamboa‐Santos, J., Pérez, R., Soria, A. C., Olano, A., Montilla, A., & Villamiel, M. (2013) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.12.004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Gesell, A., Yoshida, K., Tran, L. T., & Constabel, C. P. (2014) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s00425-014-2098-y · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Yoshimura, Y., Enomoto, H., Moriyama, T., Kawamura, Y., Setou, M., & Zaima, N. (2012) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-012-5876-z · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Anthocyanins may also protect against cardiovascular damage [5], amyloid β-peptide-induced de-”
BackgroundAnalysis and Antioxidant Capacity of Anthocyanin Pigments. Part IV: Extraction of Anthocyanins
Sánchez, M. J. N., Jiménez, A. M., Bueno, J. M., Plaza, P. S., & Asuero, A. G. (2012) · Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1080/10408347.2012.680343 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“The anthocyanin content in foods (fruits, berries, etc.) is generally proportional to color intensity and reaches values up to 2–4 g/kg fresh weight in blackcurrants and blackberries, increasing as the fruit ripens (Basu et al., 2010).”
BackgroundFlavonoids and mitochondrial pharmacology: A new paradigm for cardioprotection
Testai, L. (2015) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2015.04.017 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Zunino, S. J., Peerson, J. M., Freytag, T. L., Breksa, A. P., Bonnel, E. L., Woodhouse, L. R., & Storms, D. H. (2014) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114514000890 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Other clinical trials, either post-prandial or longer term, have reported an increase in antioxidant status with the consumption of berries (reviewed in Basu et al. (45) ).”
Fanning, K., Topp, B. L., Russell, D. M., et al. (2014) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.6591 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Pimpão, R. C., Dew, T. P., Oliveira, P. B., Williamson, G., Ferreira, R. B., & dos Santos, C. N. (2013) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jf305498j · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Molecular Basis for the Pharmacological Activity of Anthocyans
Domitrović, R. (2011) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986711797287601 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Mechanistic insights into the vascular effects of blueberries: Evidence from recent studies
Cutler, B. R., Petersen, C., & Babu, P. V. A. (2016) · Molecular Nutrition & Food Research · doi:10.1002/mnfr.201600271 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The effects of acute wild blueberry supplementation on the cognition of 7–10-year-old schoolchildren
Barfoot, K. L., May, G., Lamport, D. J., Ricketts, J., RIDDELL, P. M., & Williams, C. M. (2018) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-018-1843-6 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Kianbakht, S., Abasi, B., & Hashem-Dabaghian, F. (2013) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.5011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“The results of the present study are comparable to the human intervention studies with berries or anthocyanin extracts showing significant improvement in dyslipidemias (Basu et al., 2010; Zhu et al., 2011).”
BackgroundResultXu, W., & Wu, C. (2016) · Food Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.fm.2016.02.009 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Fanali, C., Dugo, L., D’Orazio, G., Lirangi, M., Dachà, M., Dugo, P., & Mondello, L. (2011) · Journal of Separation Science · doi:10.1002/jssc.201000665 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Cognition: the new frontier for nuts and berries
Pribis, P., & Shukitt‐Hale, B. (2014) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.113.071506 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Lankinen, M. A., Kolehmainen, M., Jääskeläinen, T. J., Paananen, J., Joukamo, L., Kangas, A. J., Soininen, P., Poutanen, K. S., Mykkänen, H. M., Gylling, H., et al. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0090352 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Wholegrain, fish, and polyphenol rich foods, such as berries, are known to have beneficial effects on human health [1–3].”
BackgroundFruit intake and cardiovascular disease mortality in the UK Women’s Cohort Study
Lai, H. T. M., Threapleton, D. E., Day, A. J., Williamson, G., Cade, J. E., & Burley, V. J. (2015) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-015-0050-5 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Anthocyanins from berries have been associated with ‘healthy’ blood lipid profiles, [25] and are also anti-inflammatory [26].”
BackgroundLuís, Â., Domingues, F., & Pereira, L. (2017) · Food & Function · doi:10.1039/c7fo01551h · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Hjartåker, A., Knudsen, M. D., Tretli, S., & Weiderpass, E. (2014) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-014-0741-9 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Giampieri, F., Forbes-Hernández, T. Y., Gasparrini, M., Afrin, S., Cianciosi, D., Reboredo‐Rodríguez, P., Varela‐López, A., Quiles, J. L., Mezzetti, B., & Battino, M. A. (2017) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13373 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Tulipani, S., Armeni, T., Giampieri, F., Álvarez-Suárez, J. M., Paramás, A. M. G., Santos‐Buelga, C., Busco, F., Principato, G., Bompadre, S., Quiles, J. L., et al. (2014) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.098 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
The emerging role of dark berry polyphenols in human health and nutrition
Higbee, J., Solverson, P. M., Zhu, M. J., & Carbonero, F. G. (2022) · Food Frontiers · doi:10.1002/fft2.128 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Azofeifa, G., Quesada, S., Pérez, A. M., Vaillant, F. E., & Michel, A. (2015) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2015.01.015 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Lara, J., Haskell‐Ramsay, C. F., & Lodge, J. K. (2020) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02299-w · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Alidadi, M., Jamialahmadi, T., Cicero, A. F. G., Bianconi, V., Pirro, M., Banach, M., & Sahebkar, A. (2020) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2020.03.026 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hubert, P. A., Lee, S. H., Lee, S., & Chun, O. K. (2014) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox3010144 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Anthocyanins have also been shown to reduce oxidative damage and inflammation, and increase BMD [42,57].”
BackgroundCazzola, R., Camerotto, C., & Cestaro, B. (2010) · International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition · doi:10.3109/09637486.2010.529068 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Several previous studies have investigated the effects of plant foods and phytochemicals on the oxidation of isolated LDL (Wu et al. 2009; Basu et al. 2010), a key process in the development of atherosclerosis.”
BackgroundInfluentialFlavonoids: Important Biocompounds in Food
Ruíz‐Cruz, S., CHAPARRO-HERNÁNDEZ, S., Hernández-Ruiz, K. L., Cira‐Chávez, L. A., Alvarado, M. I. E., Gassós‐Ortega, L. E., Ornelas‐Paz, J. D. J., & Mata, M. A. L. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/67864 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Anthocyanins Fruits and flowers, blueberries, bananas, strawberries, red wine, cranberries, blackcurrants Anthocyanidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, peonidin [21, 27, 33, 34]”
Habánová, M., Saraiva, J. A., Habán, M., Schwarzová, M., Chlebo, P., Predná, L., Gažo, J., & Wyka, J. (2016) · Nutrition Research · doi:10.1016/j.nutres.2016.11.010 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Micropropagation of blueberry ‘Bluejay’ and ‘Pink Lemonade’ through in vitro shoot culture
Fan, S., Jian, D., Wei, X., et al. (2017) · Scientia Horticulturae · doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2017.08.052 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
- Authors
- Basu, A., Rhone, M., & Lyons, T. J.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
- Venue
- Nutrition Reviews
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-03
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 168-177
- ISSN
- 0029-6643 (ISSN-L)
- 1753-4887
- PMC
- PMC3068482
- OpenAlex
- W2096895152
- Semantic Scholar
- 813a6b3d0f243e1d1d472e1d4acf721e6b8e08da
- Cited by
- 462
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nutrition Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cranberry Institute
- National Center for Research Resources (M01 RR-14467, M01RR014467)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- berries, cardiovascular health, anthocyanins, polyphenols, LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity, dyslipidemia, glucose metabolism, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, oxidative stress, inflammation, foam cell formation, heart-healthy diet, cranberry, blueberry, strawberry, chokeberry
- MeSH terms
- Anthocyanins, Antioxidants, Cardiovascular Diseases, Flavonoids, Fruit, Humans, Phenols, Vitamins, Lipid Peroxidation, Lipid Metabolism, Polyphenols
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