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Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Complicated Grief: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
The present study investigates the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy program for bereaved people suffering complicated grief. The program combines established methods of psychotherapy with new technology--therapists and patients communicated exclusively by e-mail. Bereaved individuals diagnosed with complicated grief (n = 55) were randomly assigned to either the treatment group or a waiting list control condition. The 5-week intervention consisted of three modules: (1) exposure to bereavement cues; (2) cognitive reappraisal; and (3) integration and restoration. The Impact of Event Scale (IES), a failure to adapt scale, and the depression and anxiety subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) were used to assess treatment outcomes. Participants in the treatment group (n = 26) improved significantly relative to participants in the waiting condition on symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, maladaptive behavior, and general psychopathology, and showed a large treatment effect. Follow-up results show that this improvement was maintained after 3 months.
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“A further recent study examining the efficacy of an Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for mothers after pregnancy loss67 showed positive treatment effects, with the intervention group showing significantly reduced symptoms of grief, PTSD, and depression after treatment relative to the waiting-list group, and this symptom reduction was maintained at 3-month followup.68,69”
From Complicated grief after perinatal loss (2012) · cites this paper as [67]
In the citing paper
“Currently, data on the efficacy of ICBT are available for a wide range of psychological disorders, including stress-related disorders [19–23].”
From An internet-based intervention for adjustment disorder (TAO): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“The treatment group was found to have improved significantly in relation to subjects on the waitlist as regards symptoms such as intrusion, advoidance, maladaptive behavior, and psychopathology in general (Wagner, Knaevelsrud, & Maercker, 2006).”
From Prolonged grief disorder treatment: An approach to COVID-19 grief (2023) · cites this paper as Wagner et al., 2006
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wagner, B., Knaevelsrud, C., & Maercker, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Wagner, Birgit
- Venue
- Death Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2006-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 429-453
- ISSN
- 0748-1187 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-7683
- OpenAlex
- W2018552270
- Cited by
- 376
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 16.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Death Studies (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Keywords
- complicated grief, internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy, bereavement, cognitive reappraisal, avoidance, depression, anxiety, maintenance of treatment effects
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Austria, Behavior Therapy, Germany, Grief, Humans, Switzerland, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Treatment Outcome, Internet, Electronic Mail
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