Online therapy: Review of relevant definitions, debates, and current empirical support

Rochlen, Aaron B.; Zack, Jason S.; Speyer, Cedric

doi:10.1002/jclp.10263

Cited by 453Digital Mental Health InterventionsTelemedicine and Telehealth ImplementationPsychotherapy Techniques and Applications

Online therapy: Review of relevant definitions, debates, and current empirical support

Rochlen, Aaron B., Zack, Jason S., Speyer, Cedric·2004·Journal of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1002/jclp.10263

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Abstract

The current article reviews the most recent literature addressing the definitions, ethical considerations, and potential strengths and limitations of online therapy. In addition, a framework is provided for how to conceptualize and categorize different aspects of online therapy for research purposes. Relevant studies of both online and face‐to‐face therapy as well as suggestions for future research are outlined. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.

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Many digital versions of CBT presented reasonable effect sizes, sometimes even on a par with face to face therapy.
“Many of these solutions presented reasonable effects sizes [6], sometimes even on a par with face to face therapy [7].”
From Mobile Sensing and Support for People With Depression: A Pilot Trial in the Wild (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
Virtually no studies have focused on the processes underlying online therapy.
“To date, virtually no studies have focused on the processes underlying online therapy [4].”
From Does the Quality of the Working Alliance Predict Treatment Outcome in Online Psychotherapy for Traumatized Patients? (2006) · cites this paper as [4]
Without a deeper understanding from a quantitative survey of experts' ratings, the risks and benefits reviewed here remain anecdotal and qualitative, with only limited validity.
“Without that deeper understanding, the risks and benefits reviewed here remain anecdotal and qualitative, with only limited validity (92).”
From Ethical Issues in Online Psychotherapy: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [92]

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“As described by Rochlen, Zack, and Speyer (2004), “Whereas traditional therapy takes place in the therapist’s office, limiting the therapist to whatever resources he or she has on the bookshelf, online therapy always takes place in a context with limitless resources” (p. 272).”
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Authors: Rochlen, A. B., Zack, J. S., & Speyer, C.
Affiliations: The University of Texas at Austin (US)
University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author: Rochlen, Aaron B.
ORCID: Rochlen, Aaron B.
Venue: Journal of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-01-09
Volume: 60
Issue: 3
Pages: 269-283
ISSN: 0021-9762 (ISSN-L)
1097-4679
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.10263
OpenAlex: W2038897883
Cited by: 453
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 3.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Keywords: online therapy, external beam radiotherapy, research framework
MeSH terms: Mental Disorders, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Psychotherapy, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Internet

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Online therapy: Review of relevant definitions, debates, and current empirical support

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