Death anxiety in adult life—theoretical perspectives
Abstract
This review presents several theoretical approaches relevant to the study of death anxiety in adult and old age. Several philosophical approaches (existential and logical) are considered. The review of psychological approaches includes theories, such as personal construct theory, that have made an important contribution to the study of death anxiety. Other theories, which have been used less extensively, or which have not been used at all in research on death anxiety, are reviewed for their relevance to this area. They include approaches such as the self-concept discrepancy theory or theories of intellectual development in middle and old age. The discussion identifies several challenges faced by researchers in this field: operationalization of vague theoretical concepts, creative application of theories, integration of several approaches, and use of appropriate methods such as longitudinal or experimental designs.
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Previous research has explored various emotional regulation strategies, such as mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy, in mitigating death anxiety.
“Although previous research has explored various emotional regulation strategies, such as mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy, in mitigating death anxiety [13,14,15]”
From Anthropomorphic Design in Mortality Salience Situations: Exploring Emotional and Non-Emotional Mechanisms Enhancing Consumer Purchase Intentions (2024) · cites this paper as [13]
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DEATH ANXIETY AND PERSONAL GROWTH IN ADOLESCENTS EXPERIENCING THE DEATH OF A GRANDPARENT
Ens, C., & Bond, J. (2005) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180590906192 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Personal Fear of Death and Grief in Bereaved Mothers
BARR, P. A., & Cacciatore, J. (2008) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180801974752 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Death, Anxiety, and Depression
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M. (1997) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/h120-9u9d-c2mh-nyq5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Avi Besser, A., & Priel, B. (2005) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2005.33.4.351 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Meaning of Life and Meaning of Death in Successful Aging
Wong, P. T. P. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315784489-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Relationship of neonatologists’ end-of-life decisions to their personal fear of death
BARR, P. A. (2007) · Archives of Disease in Childhood Fetal & Neonatal · doi:10.1136/adc.2006.094151 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Death Distress Construct and Scale
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M. (2011) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.64.2.e · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Older adults’ fear and acceptance of death: A transition model
Cicirelli, V. G. (2003) · Ageing International · doi:10.1007/s12126-003-1016-6 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A GENERAL FACTOR OF DEATH DISTRESS IN SEVEN CLINICAL AND NON-CLINICAL GROUPS
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M. (2004) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180490491040 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A Chinese version of a Likert-type death anxiety scale for colorectal cancer patients
Yang, H., Zhang, J., Lu, Y., & Li, M. (2016) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2016.11.002 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Death Anxiety in Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly People in Spain
Moreno, R. P., Solana, E. I. D. L. F., Rico, M. A., & Fernández, L. M. L. (2008) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/om.58.1.d · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Predicting counseling psychologists attitudes and clinical judgments with respect to older adults
Tomko, J. K., & Munley, P. H. (2013) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2012.715141 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sarıçiçek, A., Gülseren, Ş., Sarikaya, Ö. Ö., & Özen, Ç. (2015) · Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi · doi:10.5152/npa.2015.8820 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Factors Related to Attitudes Toward Death among American and Chinese Older Adults
Lin, A. H.-M. H. (2003) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/g66e-f3ud-6rhx-6qqg · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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von Blanckenburg, P., Leppin, N., Nagelschmidt, K., Seifart, C., & Rief, W. (2021) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000511199 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M. (2002) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481180290087384 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sekowski, M. M. (2020) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222820921604 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Death Acceptance in Cancer Patients
Pinquart, M., Fröhlich, C., Silbereisen, R. Κ., & Wedding, U. (2006) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/e5f0-gjux-am68-4777 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Moreton, S. G., Arena, A. F. A., Foy, Y., & Menzies, R. E. (2023) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2023.2169848 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Death anxiety among older adults with chronic illnesses during Covid‐19: A qualitative approach
Kozan, H. İ. Ö., & Kesici, Ş. (2021) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22744 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Psychological capital and death anxiety in pancreatic cancer patients: a latent profile analysis
Yang, D., She, T., Gui, G., Li, L., Zhou, Z., Liu, L., & Liu, N. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1627422 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hoelterhoff, M., & Chung, M. C. (2019) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-019-09694-5 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Revisiting ‘The Plague’ by Camus: Shaping the ‘social absurdity’ of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Banerjee, D., Rao, T. S., Kallivayalil, R. A., & Javed, A. (2020) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102291 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, T., Cheung, K., & Cheng, H. (2024) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163241238900 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Evaluation of death anxiety and effecting factors in a Turkish sample
Gedik, Z. (2014) · Journal of Human Sciences · doi:10.14687/ijhs.v11i2.3004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
The Gift of Life: Death As Teacher in the Aghori Sect
Suri, R., & Pitchford, D. B. (2010) · International Journal of Transpersonal Studies · doi:10.24972/ijts.2010.29.1.128 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Desiring and Avoiding Close Romantic Attachment in Response to Mortality Salience
Coolsen, M. K., & Nelson, L. J. (2002) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/2x6q-jrdw-2j7b-5j8k · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Psychological Distress Among HIV-Impacted African-American and Latino Males
Domanico, R., & Crawford, I. (2000) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1300/j005v19n01_04 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
On the Role of Materialism in the Relationship Between Death Anxiety and Quality of Life
Urien, B., & Kilbourne, W. E. (2008) · ACR North American Advances · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The Psychometric Properties of Death Obsession Scale in Freshman Undergraduate Students
Rajabi, G. (2009) · Journal of Applied Sciences · doi:10.3923/jas.2009.360.365 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Ron, P. (2016) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-016-0021-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Saleem, T., Gul, S., & Saleem, S. (2015) · The Professional Medical Journal · doi:10.29309/tpmj/2015.22.06.1239 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ron, P. (2010) · Illness Crisis & Loss · doi:10.2190/il.18.1.b · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Identity and Death: An Empirical Investigation
Lavoie, J., & de Vries, B. (2004) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.2190/h2k9-15q7-u7q5-3cqa · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pashak, T. J., Justice, M. D., Burns, B. R., Lahar, K. I., Handal, P. J., & Creech, C. A. (2018) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-018-0623-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ibrahim, M. A., Saeed, E., Hamarsheh, I., Zabadi, H. A., & Ahmead, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1247801 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Psychosocial Identity, Intimacy and Suicidality in Young Adults
Sekowski, M. M., Wielogórska, M., & Lester, D. (2024) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2023.2300320 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Emotional Responses to Images of Death
Martí‐García, C., Garcia-Caro, M. P., Cruz‐Quintana, F., Schmidt‐RioValle, J., & Pérez-Garcı́a, M. (2015) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/0030222815610955 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Einstellungen zu Sterben und Tod im höheren und hohen Lebensalter
Wittkowski, J. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Gerontopsychologie & -psychiatrie · doi:10.1024/1011-6877.18.2.67 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Kim, K. B., & Choi, Y. J. (2014) · Korean Journal of Adult Nursing · doi:10.7475/kjan.2014.26.5.584 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sun, C., Ding, Y., Wang, X., & Meng, X. (2024) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs14111041 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Although previous research has explored various emotional regulation strategies, such as mindfulness and cognitive behavioral therapy, in mitigating death anxiety [13–15], anthropomorphic design stands out as an external intervention.”
An Examination of the Relationship Between Death Anxiety, Optimism, Depression, and Anxiety
Brown, A. G. (2011) · ThinkTech (Texas Tech University) · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Death anxiety in Lebanese college students in 1998 and 2015
Abdel‐Khalek, A. M., & El-Nayal, M. (2018) · Death Studies · doi:10.1080/07481187.2018.1500006 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Future time perspectives of older adults as reflected through digital photocollage
Elkarif, T., Keisari, S., Orkibi, H., Piol, S., Mola, G., Lang, F. R., & Testoni, I. (2024) · The Arts in Psychotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.aip.2024.102170 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Death anxiety in females with and without exposure to death and dying: differential dimensions
Dutta, M., & Kaur, H. (2015) · Sri Lanka Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4038/sljss.v37i1-2.7378 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Death primes in advertisements: how international advertisers can ensure their message is effective
Minton, E. A., Park, H., & Spielmann, N. (2022) · International Journal of Advertising · doi:10.1080/02650487.2021.1979787 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Menzies, R. E., Brown, J., & Marchant, J. (2025) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.103001 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Eksı, H., Çelebi, Ç. D., & Özgür-şahin, Ş. (2021) · İnsan ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.53048/johass.918591 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Older Adults’ Acceptance of Death: A Grounded Theory Approach
Mamauag, M. B. (2019) · International Conference on Sustainable Innovation – Social, Humanity, and Education (ICoSIHESS) · doi:10.2991/icosihsn-19.2019.20 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Afrashteh, M. Y., Fartash, A., & Aboutorabi, K. (2025) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-025-06040-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
川島, 大., Kempe, T., Koga, Y., Kubota, S., Urata, Y., Watanabe, T., Kondo‐Arita, M., & Tsujimoto, T. (2025) · OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying · doi:10.1177/00302228251336498 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Attitudes toward Death Anxiety and Dying Among Respiratory Therapy Students: A Pilot Study
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Journey Towards the End of Life
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Personality Traits as Predictors of Self-Esteem and Death Anxiety among Drug Addicts
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Predictors of self forgiveness in older adults
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Mental imagery and anxiety toward death in adolescents
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A Terminal Patient’s Hopes for Connections Transcending Time
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Death Anxiety Among Peer Caregivers of Older Persons in Two US Prisons
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Death and failure: A cautionary tale of death anxiety and alternate causality
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- Authors
- Tomer, A.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Tomer, Adrian
- Venue
- Death Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 1992-11
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 475-506
- ISSN
- 0748-1187 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-7683
- OpenAlex
- W2030535928
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Death Studies (publishedVersion)
- DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Death, Funerary Practices, and Mourning
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Keywords
- fear of death, adulthood, old age, existentialism, logical philosophy, personal construct theory, theoretical integration
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