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Cited by 15Circadian rhythm and melatoninTryptophan and brain disordersTreatment of Major Depression

Effects of bright light therapy on neuroinflammatory and neuroplasticity markers in a diurnal rodent model of Seasonal Affective Disorder

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Costello, Allison, Linning-Duffy, Katrina, Vandenbrook, Carleigh, Lonstein, Joseph S., Yan, Lily·2023·Annals of Medicine
DOI 10.1080/07853890.2023.2249015PMC PMC10461522
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: ) to test the hypothesis that the therapeutic effects of BLT could be, in part, due to reduced neuroinflammation and/or enhanced neuroplasticity. Our previous research has demonstrated that compared to grass rats housed in a summer-like daytime bright light condition (1000 lux), those housed in a winter-like daytime dim light condition (50 lux) showed increased depression- and anxiety-like behaviours, as well as impaired sociosexual behaviours and spatial memory, similar to what is observed in patients suffering from SAD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, male and female grass rats were housed under the winter-like dim daytime light condition (lights on 600-1800 hr, 50 lux). The experimental groups received daily 1-h early morning BLT from 0600-0700 using full-spectrum light (10,000 lux), while the control groups received narrowband red light (λmax, 780 nm). Following 4 weeks of treatment, the expression of several neuroinflammatory or plasticity markers was examined in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and the CA1 of the dorsal hippocampus. RESULTS: For the neuroinflammatory markers, BLT reduced TNF-α in the BLA of females, and upregulated CD11b in the mPFC and IL6 in the BLA in males. For the neuroplasticity markers, BLT downregulated BDNF in the CA1 and TrkB in all three brain regions in females but upregulated BDNF in the BLA and CA1 in males. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that the therapeutic effects of BLT on sleep, mood, and cognition may be attributed in part to mechanisms involving neuroinflammation and neuroplasticity in corticolimbic brain regions. Moreover, these effects appear to vary between sexes.

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  • Patients with SAD exhibit elevated levels of peripheral blood cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, indicating presence of a neuroinflammatory state.

    “Patients with SAD exhibit elevated levels of peripheral blood cytokines Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), indicating the presence of a neuroinflammatory state.”

    From Effectiveness of visible light for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [42]

    The Introduction reports elevated plasma IL-6 and soluble IL-6 receptors in patients with SAD, describing an increased pro-inflammatory state. It does not report elevated TNF-α in SAD patients; its discussion of peripheral TNF-α and IL-6 concerns patients with traumatic brain injury. The paper also does not establish that the peripheral findings demonstrate a neuroinflammatory state in SAD patients. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • This neuroinflammatory response further reduces neuroplasticity and alters neuroplasticity markers such as BDNF and TrkB, exerting cytotoxic effects.

    “This neuroinflammatory response further reduces neuroplasticity and alters neuroplasticity markers such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor and Tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), exerting cytotoxic effects.[42]”

    From Effectiveness of visible light for seasonal affective disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [42]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Costello, A., Linning-Duffy, K., Vandenbrook, C., Lonstein, J. S., & Yan, L.
Affiliations
  • Michigan State University (US)
  • Department of Psychology, MI State University, MI, USA
ORCID
Venue
Annals of Medicine
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2023-08-25
Volume
55
Issue
2
Pages
2249015-2249015
ISSN
  • 0785-3890 (ISSN-L)
  • 1365-2060
DOI
10.1080/07853890.2023.2249015
PMC
PMC10461522
OpenAlex
W4386155115
Cited by
15
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1
FWCI
2.23
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Annals of Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R01MH111276)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
Keywords
bright light therapy, seasonal affective disorder, neuroinflammation, neuroplasticity, TNF-α, interleukin-6, CD11b, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, TrkB, medial prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, dorsal hippocampus, sex differences, dim light, corticolimbic system
MeSH terms
Neuroinflammatory Diseases, Animals, Female, Glomerulonephritis, Humans, Male, Phototherapy, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Murinae

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