Enhanced cerebellar myelination with concomitant iron elevation and ultrastructural irregularities following prenatal exposure to ambient particulate matter in the mouse
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Accumulating evidence indicates the developing central nervous system (CNS) is a target of air pollution toxicity. Epidemiological reports increasingly demonstrate that exposure to the particulate matter (PM) fraction of air pollution during neurodevelopment is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). These observations are supported by animal studies demonstrating prenatal exposure to concentrated ambient PM induces neuropathologies characteristic of ASD, including ventriculomegaly and aberrant corpus callosum (CC) myelination. Given the role of the CC and cerebellum in ASD etiology, this study tested whether prenatal exposure to concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) produced pathological features in offspring CC and cerebella consistent with ASD. Analysis of cerebellar myelin density revealed male-specific hypermyelination in CAPs-exposed offspring at postnatal days (PNDs) 11-15 without alteration of cerebellar area. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) revealed elevated iron (Fe) in the cerebellum of CAPs-exposed female offspring at PNDs 11-15, which connects with previously observed elevated Fe in the female CC. The presence of Fe inclusions, along with aluminum (Al) and silicon (Si) inclusions, were confirmed at nanoscale resolution in the CC along with ultrastructural myelin sheath damage. Furthermore, RNAseq and gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses revealed cerebellar gene expression was significantly affected by sex and prenatal CAPs exposure with significant enrichment in inflammation and transmembrane transport processes that could underlie observed myelin and metal pathologies. Overall, this study highlights the ability of PM exposure to disrupt myelinogenesis and elucidates novel molecular targets of PM-induced developmental neurotoxicity.
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Prenatal exposure to ultrafine PM increased cerebellum iron concentrations in female offspring.
“Subsequently, Klocke et al. [62] observed a similar increase in cerebellum Fe concentrations in female offspring exposed prenatally.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [62]
The Results (Cerebellar Fe content; page unavailable) report significantly elevated cerebellar Fe concentration in female offspring after prenatal CAPs exposure. The Materials and methods (Animals and exposures; page unavailable) say CAPs included both PM2.5 and ultrafine particles, so the study does not establish that ultrafine PM specifically caused the increase. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIron, aluminum, and silicon inclusions presented in the corpus callosum with ultrastructural myelin sheath damage after prenatal ultrafine PM exposure.
“Iron, as well as aluminum and silicon inclusions, also presented in the CC with ultrastructural myelin sheath damage.”
From Air pollution and children’s health—a review of adverse effects associated with prenatal exposure from fine to ultrafine particulate matter (2021) · cites this paper as [62]
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- Authors
- Klocke, C., Sherina, V., Graham, U. M., Gunderson, J., Allen, J. L., Sobolewski, M., Blum, J. L., Zelikoff, J. T., & Cory-Slechta, D. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- University of Kentucky (US)
- New York University (US)
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA;
- Corresponding author
- Klocke, Carolyn
- ORCID
- Venue
- Inhalation Toxicology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-08-24
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 9-10
- Pages
- 381-396
- ISSN
- 0895-8378 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-7691
- PMC
- PMC6400059
- OpenAlex
- W2906560729
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 104
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Inhalation Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences (P30 ES001247, R01 ES025541, T32 ES07026, P30 ES000260, 21-F12-13)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity
- Keywords
- ambient particulate matter, prenatal air pollution exposure, autism spectrum disorder, developmental neurotoxicity, iron accumulation, metallic inclusions, sex differences, neurodevelopmental disorders
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollution, Animals, Cerebellum, Corpus Callosum, Female, Iron, Male, Myelin Sheath, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Mice, Particulate Matter
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