Optimism and the experience of pain: a systematic review
Open accessAbstract
A growing body of literature provides evidence of the health-promoting effects of optimism, including its protective role in acute and chronic pain. Optimists are characterized by positive expectations concerning the future. These positive outcome expectancies lead to more and longer goal-directed efforts and the use of approach coping strategies. No systematic review on the effects of optimism on the experience of pain has so far been conducted. A search in the databases PubMed, Web of Science and PsycInfo, and the scanning of reference lists identified 69 eligible studies. These were categorized according to sample size, participants' age and sex, design, optimism-pain relation as primary vs. secondary study objective, and level of study/publication quality. Overall percentages of positive, zero, and negative associations between optimism and pain as well as relative frequencies of these associations in the different categories were analyzed. About 70% of the studies showed a positive, i.e., beneficial association between optimism and at least one pain outcome. A larger percentage of beneficial associations was found in studies with experimental designs, in studies with the optimism-pain relation as primary objective, in high-quality studies/publications, and in studies including participants with a higher average age. The review suggests that optimism is associated with less acute and chronic pain, especially since a higher percentage of beneficial associations was found with high study/publication quality and with the primary focus on this relationship. For the moderating role of age, different explanations are proposed. Further research on causal relationships and on optimism-fostering clinical interventions is needed.
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Optimism has a beneficial association with pain experience.
“Moreover, optimism has been found to have a beneficial association with pain experience [16]”
From Nocebo hyperalgesia and other expectancy-related factors in daily fibromyalgia pain: Combining experimental and electronic diary methods (2024) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Basten-Günther, J., Peters, M., & Lautenbacher, S.
- Affiliations
- Physiological Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany;
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of Bamberg (DE)
- Venue
- Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-12-20
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 323-339
- ISSN
- 0896-4289 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-4026
- OpenAlex
- W2906387059
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 0.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Evangelisches Studienwerk Villigst
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Pain Management and Placebo Effect
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- optimism, pain experience, acute pain, chronic pain, approach coping, age differences, publication quality
- MeSH terms
- Optimism, Female, Humans, Male, Pain, Quality of Life, Chronic Pain
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