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Exploring the Principal's Contribution to School Effectiveness: 1980‐1995∗

Hallinger, Philip, Heck, Ronald H.·1998·School Effectiveness and School Improvement
DOI 10.1080/0924345980090203
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Abstract

This article reviews research from 1980‐1995 exploring the relationship between principal leadership and student achievement. The focuses is on the substantive findings that emerged from the review. Earlier reports focused on conceptual and methodological issues. The general pattern of results drawn from this review supports the belief that principals exercise a measurable, though indirect effect on school effectiveness and student achievement. While this indirect effect is relatively small, it is statistically significant and supports the general belief among educators that principals contribute to school effectiveness and improvement. Moreover, the review suggests that previously described discrepancies in research results may be explained by the conceptual and methodological tools employed by researchers. We also emphasize the limitations of these studies. Even taken as a group they do not resolve the most important theoretical and practical issues concerning the means by which principals achieve an impact on school outcomes and how contextual forces influence the exercise of leadership in the schoolhouse. It is concluded that while substantial progress has been made over the past 15 years in understanding the principal's contribution to school effectiveness, the most important scholarly and practical work lies ahead. In addition to this qualified, we assert that scholars are better equipped conceptually and methodologically to address these challenges than in 1980.

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Metadata

Authors
Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H.
Venue
School Effectiveness and School Improvement
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
1998-06
Volume
9
Issue
2
Pages
157-191
ISSN
  • 0924-3453 (ISSN-L)
  • 1744-5124
DOI
10.1080/0924345980090203
OpenAlex
W1998111327
Cited by
1,569
References
0
FWCI
42.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Exploring the Principal's Contribution to School Effectiveness: 1980‐1995∗. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/0924345980090203
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Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (1998). Exploring the Principal's Contribution to School Effectiveness: 1980‐1995∗. School Effectiveness and School Improvement. https://doi.org/10.1080/0924345980090203

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