CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 503Quantum optics and atomic interactionsQuantum Information and CryptographyPhotorefractive and Nonlinear Optics

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 282 of the 282 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quantum memories: emerging applications and recent advances

Open access
Heshami, Khabat, England, Duncan G., Humphreys, Peter C., Bustard, Philip J., Acosta, Victor M., Nunn, Joshua, Sussman, Benjamin J.·2016·Journal of Modern Optics
DOI 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212PMC PMC5020357
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Quantum light-matter interfaces are at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Quantum memories for photons, where non-classical states of photons are mapped onto stationary matter states and preserved for subsequent retrieval, are technical realizations enabled by exquisite control over interactions between light and matter. The ability of quantum memories to synchronize probabilistic events makes them a key component in quantum repeaters and quantum computation based on linear optics. This critical feature has motivated many groups to dedicate theoretical and experimental research to develop quantum memory devices. In recent years, exciting new applications, and more advanced developments of quantum memories, have proliferated. In this review, we outline some of the emerging applications of quantum memories in optical signal processing, quantum computation and non-linear optics. We review recent experimental and theoretical developments, and their impacts on more advanced photonic quantum technologies based on quantum memories.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212

Cites

282 of 282 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1. Prevalent noise processes in quantum memories. (a) Resonant fluorescence: In near-resonant schemes, the read pulse can excite population in the intermediate state |e⟩. Doppler broadening of this line can result in fluorescence at the signal frequency. (b) Spontaneous Raman scattering from thermal population: Thermal excitation can populate the storage state, anti-Stokes Raman scattering from this thermal population is a source of noise. (c) SFWM: The write pulse undergoes spontaneous Stokes scattering to generate a Stokes photon and a material excitation. The read pulse scatters from the excitation generating a photon at the anti-Stokes frequency and returning the population to the ground state. The Stokes photon can be eliminated by spectral filtering, but the anti-Stokes photon is a source of noise. (The colour version of this figure is included in the online version of the journal.)
Figure 1. Prevalent noise processes in quantum memories. (a) Resonant fluorescence: In near-resonant schemes, the read pulse can excite population in the intermediate state |e⟩. Doppler broadening of this line can result in fluorescence at the signal frequency. (b) Spontaneous Raman scattering from thermal population: Thermal excitation can populate the storage state, anti-Stokes Raman scattering from this thermal population is a source of noise. (c) SFWM: The write pulse undergoes spontaneous Stokes scattering to generate a Stokes photon and a material excitation. The read pulse scatters from the excitation generating a photon at the anti-Stokes frequency and returning the population to the ground state. The Stokes photon can be eliminated by spectral filtering, but the anti-Stokes photon is a source of noise. (The colour version of this figure is included in the online version of the journal.)CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 2. (a) Two single photon qubits are encoded in successive time bins within a single spatial mode. (b) LOQC can be carried out by controllably reordering and coupling different time bin modes. Without only controllable birefringent elements, this requires time-bins to be rotated into the orthogonal polarization to be displaced, and only one displacement can be implemented at each step. (c) A pulse sequencer, as can be achieved using a GEM, allows for arbitrary reordering of time bins. (The colour version of this figure is included in the online version of the journal.)
Figure 2. (a) Two single photon qubits are encoded in successive time bins within a single spatial mode. (b) LOQC can be carried out by controllably reordering and coupling different time bin modes. Without only controllable birefringent elements, this requires time-bins to be rotated into the orthogonal polarization to be displaced, and only one displacement can be implemented at each step. (c) A pulse sequencer, as can be achieved using a GEM, allows for arbitrary reordering of time bins. (The colour version of this figure is included in the online version of the journal.)CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central
Figure 3. An example off-resonant Raman memory scheme based on a three-level system. An electromagnetic field mode a^ is coupled to the memory transition b^ between levels |1⟩ and |2⟩ through a Raman transition to a virtual energy level detuned by Δ from |3⟩. By adjusting the frequency of the control field-mode γ, both (a) beam splitter interactions and (b) two-mode squeezing interactions can be generated between the modes. The BS operation can realize read in/out from the memory. (c) Using these interactions, entangled 2 mode cluster state primitives can be generated. (d) These clusters can be stitched together using further quantum memories to create a time–frequency continuous-variable cluster state encoded in modes tiled across the available time and frequency degrees of freedom. (The colour version of this figure is included in the online version of the journal.)
Figure 3. An example off-resonant Raman memory scheme based on a three-level system. An electromagnetic field mode a^ is coupled to the memory transition b^ between levels |1⟩ and |2⟩ through a Raman transition to a virtual energy level detuned by Δ from |3⟩. By adjusting the frequency of the control field-mode γ, both (a) beam splitter interactions and (b) two-mode squeezing interactions can be generated between the modes. The BS operation can realize read in/out from the memory. (c) Using these interactions, entangled 2 mode cluster state primitives can be generated. (d) These clusters can be stitched together using further quantum memories to create a time–frequency continuous-variable cluster state encoded in modes tiled across the available time and frequency degrees of freedom. (The colour version of this figure is included in the online version of the journal.)CC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 35

  1. Zhong T., 2015, Nat. Commun., 6, 8206-1
  2. Zhou Z.-Q., 2012, Phys. Rev. Lett., 108, 190505-1
  3. Laplane C., 2015, Multiplexed on-demand storage of polarization qubits in a crystal
  4. Jin J., 2015, Phys. Rev. Lett., 115, 140501-1
  5. Tang J.-S., 2015, Nat. Commun., 6, 8652-1
  6. Cruzeiro E.Z., 2015, Noise in optical quantum memories based on dynamical decoupling of spin states
  7. Albrecht B., 2015, Phys. Rev. Lett., 115, 160501-1
  8. Zhang X., 2015, Nat. Commun, 6, 8914-1
  9. Gorshkov A.V., 2007, Phys. Rev. A, 11, 905
  10. Grezes C., 2014, Phys. Rev. X, 4, 021049
  11. Grezes C., 2015, Towards a spin-ensemble quantum memory for superconducting qubits
  12. England D.G., 2013, J. Sussman. Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 243601-1
  13. Bustard P.J., 2015, Ultrafast slow-light: Raman-induced delay of thz-bandwidth pulses
  14. Parigi V., 2015, J. Laurat. Nat. Commun., 6, 7706-1
  15. Ding D.-S., 2013, Nat. Commun., 4, 2527-1
  16. Simon J., 2007, Phys. Rev. Lett., 98, 183601-1
  17. Yang S.-J., 2015, Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 210501-1
  18. Gouraud B., 2015, J. Laurat. Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 180503-1
  19. Kupchak C., 2015, Sci. Rep., 5
  20. Meyer H.M., 2015, Phys. Rev. Lett., 114, 123001-1
  21. Bao X.-H., 2008, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101, 190501-1
  22. Schunk G., 2015, Interfacing transitions of different alkali atoms and telecom bands using one narrowband photon pair source
  23. Boyd R.W., 2003, Nonlinear Optics
  24. Albrecht B., 2014, Nat. Commun., 5
  25. Benabid F., 2002, J. Russell. Science, 298, 399
  26. Sparkes B.M., 2012, Phys. Rev. X, 2, 021011-1
  27. Li, Y. ; Humphreys, P.C. ; Mendoza, G.J. ; Benjamin, S.C. Resource costs for fault-tolerant linear optical quantum computing. 2015, 1–13. arXiv: 1504.02457. · arXiv
  28. Humphreys P.C., 2013, Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 150501-1
  29. Aaronson S., 2010, Proceedings of the Forty-third Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, 0844626, 94
  30. Pant M., 2015, High Dimensional Unitary Transformations and Boson Sampling on Temporal Modes using Dispersive Optics
  31. Nemoto K., 2004, J. Munro. Phys. Rev. Lett., 93, 250502-1
  32. Hosseini M., 2012, Appl., 1, e40
  33. Sinclair N., 2015, Cross-phase modulation of a probe stored in a waveguide for non-destructive detection of photonic qubits
  34. Das S., 2015, Photonic controlled-phase gates through rydberg blockade in optical cavities
  35. Zhang R., 2009, Phys. Rev. Lett., 103, 233602-1

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 503

Metadata

Authors
Heshami, K., England, D. G., Humphreys, P. C., Bustard, P. J., Acosta, V. M., Nunn, J., & Sussman, B. J.
Affiliations
  • National Research Council Canada (CA)
  • University of Oxford (GB)
  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Center for High Technology Materials , Albuquerque, NM, USA.
  • University of Ottawa (CA)
Corresponding author
Heshami, Khabat
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Modern Optics
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2016-03-16
Volume
63
Issue
20
Pages
2005-2028
ISSN
  • 0950-0340 (ISSN-L)
  • 1362-3044
DOI
10.1080/09500340.2016.1148212
PMC
PMC5020357
OpenAlex
W2181067111
Cited by
503
References
282
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 82 · 2024: 46 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 55 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 13
FWCI
2.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Modern Optics (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • NPARC (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum Information and Cryptography
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Photorefractive and Nonlinear Optics
Keywords
quantum memory, photonic quantum technologies, quantum repeaters, linear optical quantum computation, optical signal processing, nonlinear optics, quantum synchronization

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review