The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender representation in Japanese EFL textbooks–a corpus study
Abstract
This paper seeks to investigate whether the Japanese government’s attempt to promote a ‘gender-equal’ society in recent decades and the improved status of women are reflected in patterns of gender representation in Japanese English as a foreign language textbooks. The study made an analysis of four popular series of English language textbooks published in 2011 for local Japanese students with corpus linguistic tools (e.g. concordancing, keyword in context) to investigate the ratio of female-to-male appearances, the extent of use of gender-neutral and gender-marked constructions, the common adjectives associated with women and men, the common address titles for reference to women, and the order of appearance of women and men. The findings revealed some evidence of gender equity, including common use of gender-inclusive vocabulary (e.g. salesclerk, waitperson) and the neutral address title Ms for women. The ‘male-first’ phenomenon, however, is still prevalent in contemporary Japanese textbooks, suggesting the secondary status of women. Variations were found in different series of textbooks pertaining to the representation of women and men in the domains of quantitative balance and gender stereotyping. It is suggested that specific guidelines be compiled by the education authorities to help textbook authors write educational materials that help promote a gender-fair society in Japan.
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“In the case of gender stereotypes or biases that appear in textbooks, students directly or indirectly practice them in everyday life (Bandura et al., 2003; Lee, 2018).”
From Gender representation in government-endorsed Arabic language textbooks: Insights from Indonesia (2023) · cites this paper as Lee, 2018
Citations
Cites
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Li, J., Barbeiro, L. F., & Sá, M. H. A. E. (2025) · Journal of Language Teaching and Research · doi:10.17507/jltr.1604.36
Lee, J. F. K. (2025) · Journal of China Computer-Assisted Language Learning · doi:10.1515/jccall-2025-0012
Self-citationAssessing Gender Representation in Greek School ICT Textbooks
Papadakis, S. (2025) · Interdisciplinary journal of didactics · doi:10.14198/ijd.30200
Küçükaydın, M. A. (2025) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103229 · Cited by 1
Corpus‐Based Linguistic Approaches and Critical Applied Linguistics
Sarmento, S., & Matte, M. L. (2025) · The Encyclopedia of Applied Linguistics · doi:10.1002/9781405198431.wbeal20068
Environmental content across Romance languages
Kaliska, M. (2026) · Revue Romane Langue et littérature International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures · doi:10.1075/rro.25030.kal
Representing Identity in American English and French Foreign Language Coursebooks
Anderson, E. S. (2026) · Argumentation et analyse du discours · doi:10.4000/162m5
Représenter l’identité dans les manuels d’anglais américain et de français langue étrangère
Anderson, E. S. (2026) · Argumentation et analyse du discours · doi:10.4000/162m6
Anwar, S., Ullah, I., & Khalid, U. (2026) · Proscholar insights · doi:10.55737/psi.2026a-51182
National citizens in a sanitized vision of global economy in Japanese ELT textbooks
Shi, Y., & Lei, L. (2026) · Journal of Language and Politics · doi:10.1075/jlp.26035.shi · Cited by 1
Xu, B., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Philosophy and social science. · doi:10.62381/p263401
Affective citizenship and gendered visual pedagogies in Chinese EFL textbooks
Huan, M., Lee, M. W., & Rhee, S.-C. (2026) · Gender and Education · doi:10.1080/09540253.2026.2740553
Owodally, A. M. A. (2026) · Asia in transition · doi:10.1007/978-981-92-4324-2_5
Metadata
- Authors
- Lee, J. F. K.
- Affiliations
- Education University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Jackie F.K.
- ORCID
- Lee, Jackie F.K.
- Venue
- Gender and Education
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-07-28
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 379-395
- ISSN
- 0954-0253 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-0516
- OpenAlex
- W2495266958
- Cited by
- 118
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 9.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gender and Education (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Meijo University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies in Language
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Media, Gender, and Advertising
- Keywords
- gender representation, EFL textbooks, gender equality, gender stereotypes, gender-neutral vocabulary, women's status, gender equity in education
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