In the pursuit of a gender-equal society: Do Japanese EFL textbooks play a role?
Abstract
‘Womenomics’, a signature programme promoted by the Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe, aims to boost the country’s economy by attracting women, an under-utilized resource, to join the workforce. To achieve this aim, the Japanese Government has been promoting a gender-equal society in various areas, including education. This paper seeks to investigate whether the government’s endeavour to promote a gender-equal society is reflected in contemporary Japanese EFL textbooks. Three recently published popular textbooks were examined. The findings revealed evidence of the authors’ gender awareness, including common use of gender-neutral vocabulary and a neutral term of address, Ms, for women. Two textbooks also displayed a balanced distribution of male and female speakers and their amount of talk. However, underrepresentation of women and their achievements is still prevalent in contemporary Japanese textbooks. Other observations include the portrayal of men in a wider range of social roles than women, and the depiction of men using material and cognitive processes and women using relational processes, suggesting that men are more physically and cognitively active than women. A gender dichotomy was also noted in mixed-sex dialogues, with a tendency for men to provide information and for women to seek information.
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At an international level, most CDA studies to date have focused on textbooks of English as a Foreign Language, resulting in gaps of knowledge with respect to other subjects.
“At an international level, most of the studies to date in the realm of CDA have focused on textbooks of English as a Foreign Language (Ahmad & Shah, 2019; Ariyanto, 2018; Lee, 2019; Lee & Collins, 2008; Setyono, 2018; Sunderland, 2000), resulting in gaps of knowledge with respect to other subjects.”
In textbooks, males have a disproportionate presence in textual content.
“With regard to masculine representations, we find a disproportionate presence of males in their textual content (Ahmad & Shah, 2019; Lee, 2014; Lee, 2019; Sulaimani, 2017).”
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- Authors
- Lee, J. F. K.
- Affiliations
- Education University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Jackie F. K.
- ORCID
- Lee, Jackie F. K.
- Venue
- Journal of Gender Studies
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2018-01-10
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 204-217
- ISSN
- 0958-9236 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3869
- OpenAlex
- W2782907476
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 9.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gender Studies (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Meijo University Invitation Fellowship Programs for Research in Japan
- Meijo University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies in Language
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Media, Gender, and Advertising
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Discourse Analysis in Language Studies
- Keywords
- gender equality, EFL textbooks, Japanese textbooks, womenomics, gender representation, gender-neutral vocabulary, gendered language, gender roles, women in the workforce, gender stereotypes
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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