Sanitation facilities in Kampala slums, Uganda: users' satisfaction and determinant factors
Abstract
Access to improved sanitation is a key preventive measure against sanitary-related gastro-enteric diseases such as diarrhoea. We assessed the access to sanitation facilities and users' satisfaction in 50 randomly selected slums of Kampala through a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2010. A total of 1500 household respondents were interviewed. Sixty-eight per cent of the respondents used shared toilets, 20% private, 11% public toilets and less than 1% reported using flying toilets or practising open defecation. More than half of the respondents (51.7%) were not satisfied with their sanitation facilities. Determinants for satisfaction with the facilities used included the nature and type of toilet facilities used, their cleanliness, and the number of families sharing them. The study findings showed that slum dwellers had high access to sanitation facilities. However, most of them were shared and majority of the respondents were not satisfied with their facilities, primarily due to cleanliness and over demand.
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More recently, bad smell has been frequently mentioned as a reason for dissatisfaction with shared toilets.
“More recently, bad smell has been frequently mentioned as a reason for dissatisfaction with shared toilets [40, 49], discouraging their use and subsequent use of polyethylene bags [37].”
From Are pit latrines in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa performing? A review of usage, filling, insects and odour nuisances (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
In Kampala Uganda, latrines that were not regularly cleaned were associated with bad smells.
“In Kampala Uganda, latrines that were not regularly cleaned were associated with bad smells [40] and caused disgust among the users [39].”
From Are pit latrines in urban areas of Sub-Saharan Africa performing? A review of usage, filling, insects and odour nuisances (2015) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Tumwebaze, I. K., Orach, C. G., Niwagaba, C., Luthi, C., & Mosler, H.-J.
- Affiliations
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Makerere University (UG)
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Tumwebaze, Innocent Kamara
- Venue
- International Journal of Environmental Health Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2013-06
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 191-204
- ISSN
- 0960-3123 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1619
- OpenAlex
- W2044719162
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 37.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Environmental Health Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA Eawag (Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag)) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
- Direktion für Entwicklung und Zusammenarbeit
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban and Rural Development Challenges
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Child Nutrition and Water Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies and Social Issues
- Keywords
- sanitation facilities, slums, shared toilets, user satisfaction, open defecation, toilet cleanliness, diarrhea prevention, Kampala
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude, Cross-Sectional Studies, Data Collection, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Poverty Areas, Sanitation, Toilet Facilities, Uganda, Young Adult
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